In 202, according to the estimation, the Brazilian state of São Paulo was home to nearly 46 million people, making it the most populous state in the South American country. With less than half of São Paulo's population, Minas Gerais was the second most populous state in Brazil at that time. These two states are located in the South-East region of the country. Along with Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, these states constitute Brazil's most populated region.

In 2024, approximately 11.9 million people lived in São Paulo, making it the largest municipality in Brazil and one of the most populous cities in the world. The homonymous state of São Paulo was also the most populous federal entity in the country. Brazil's cities Brazil is home to two large metropolises: São Paulo with close to 11.9 million inhabitants, and Rio de Janeiro with around 6.7 million inhabitants. It also contains a number of smaller but well-known cities, such as Brasília, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, and many others, which report between 2 and 3 million inhabitants each. As a result, the country's population is primarily urban, with nearly 88 percent of inhabitants living in cities. While smaller than some of the other cities, Brasília was chosen to be the capital because of its relatively central location. The city is also well-known for its modernist architecture and utopian city plan, which is quite controversial - criticized by many and praised by others. Sports venues capitals A number of Brazil’s medium-sized and large cities were chosen as venues for the 2014 World Cup, and the 2015 Summer Olympics also took place in Rio de Janeiro. Both of these events required large sums of money to support infrastructure and enhance mobility within a number of different cities across the country. Billions of dollars were spent on the 2014 World Cup, which went primarily to stadium construction and renovation but also to a number of different mobility projects. Other short-term spending on infrastructure for the World Cup and the Rio Olympic Games was estimated at 50 billion U.S. dollars. While these events have poured a lot of money into urban infrastructure, a number of social and economic problems within the country remain unsolved.

Brazil and the United States are the two most populous countries in the Americas today. In 1500, the year that Pedro Álvares Cabral made landfall in present-day Brazil and claimed it for the Portuguese crown, it is estimated that there were roughly one million people living in the region. Some estimates for the present-day United States give a population of two million in the year 1500, although estimates vary greatly. By 1820, the population of the U.S. was still roughly double that of Brazil, but rapid growth in the 19th century would see it grow 4.5 times larger by 1890, before the difference shrunk during the 20th century. In 2024, the U.S. has a population over 340 million people, making it the third most populous country in the world, while Brazil has a population of almost 218 million and is the sixth most populous. Looking to the future, population growth is expected to be lower in Brazil than in the U.S. in the coming decades, as Brazil's fertility rates are already lower, and migration rates into the United States will be much higher. Historical development The indigenous peoples of present-day Brazil and the U.S. were highly susceptible to diseases brought from the Old World; combined with mass displacement and violence, their population growth rates were generally low, therefore migration from Europe and the import of enslaved Africans drove population growth in both regions. In absolute numbers, more Europeans migrated to North America than Brazil, whereas more slaves were transported to Brazil than the U.S., but European migration to Brazil increased significantly in the early 1900s. The U.S. also underwent its demographic transition much earlier than in Brazil, therefore its peak period of population growth was almost a century earlier than Brazil. Impact of ethnicity The demographics of these countries are often compared, not only because of their size, location, and historical development, but also due to the role played by ethnicity. In the mid-1800s, these countries had the largest slave societies in the world, but a major difference between the two was the attitude towards interracial procreation. In Brazil, relationships between people of different ethnic groups were more common and less stigmatized than in the U.S., where anti-miscegenation laws prohibited interracial relationships in many states until the 1960s. Racial classification was also more rigid in the U.S., and those of mixed ethnicity were usually classified by their non-white background. In contrast, as Brazil has a higher degree of mixing between those of ethnic African, American, and European heritage, classification is less obvious, and factors such as physical appearance or societal background were often used to determine racial standing. For most of the 20th century, Brazil's government promoted the idea that race was a non-issue and that Brazil was racially harmonious, but most now acknowledge that this actually ignored inequality and hindered progress. Racial inequality has been a prevalent problem in both countries since their founding, and today, whites generally fare better in terms of education, income, political representation, and even life expectancy. Despite this adversity, significant progress has been made in recent decades, as public awareness of inequality has increased, and authorities in both countries have made steps to tackle disparities in areas such as education, housing, and employment.

In 2024, the Southeast was the most populated region in Brazil, according to the estimations. In that year, more than 88 million people lived in the four states of this region: Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The Central-West region, where the country's capital, Brasília, is located, was the least populated region in the South American country in 2021, with only 17 million inhabitants. Throughout the past decade, Brazil's population has grown at slower rates than before.

The COVID-19 pandemic brings to light the reality of the Brazilian health system. The underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), where the second largest population of the country is concentrated, reveals government unpreparedness, as there is a low capacity of testing in the population, which prevents the real understanding of the general panorama of SARS-CoV-2 dissemination. The goals of this research are to analyze the causes of deaths in different Brazilian government databases (Civil Registry Transparency Portal and InfoGripe) and to assess whether there are sub-records showing an unexpected increase in the frequency of deaths from causes clinically similar to COVID-19. A descriptive and quantitative analysis of the number of deaths by COVID-19 and similar causes was performed in different databases. Our results demonstrate that different official sources had a discrepancy of 109.45% between these data referring to the same period. There was also a 758.57% increase in SARI deaths in 2020, when compared to the average of previous years. Finally, it was shown that there was an increase in the rate of pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency (RI) by 6.34 and 6.25%, respectively. In conclusion, there is an underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in MG due to the unexplained excess of deaths caused by SARI, respiratory insufficiency, and pneumonia compared to previous years.

• The current US Census Bureau world population estimate in June 2019 shows that the current global population is 7,577,130,400 people on Earth, which far exceeds the world population of 7.2 billion in 2015. Our estimate based on UN data shows the world's population surpassing 7.7 billion.
• China is the most populous country in the world with a population exceeding 1.4 billion. It is one of just two countries with a population of more than 1 billion, with India being the second. As of 2018, India has a population of over 1.355 billion people, and its population growth is expected to continue through at least 2050. By the year 2030, India is expected to become the most populous country in the world. This is because India’s population will grow, while China is projected to see a loss in population.
• The following 11 countries that are the most populous in the world each have populations exceeding 100 million. These include the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia, Mexico, Japan, Ethiopia, and the Philippines. Of these nations, all are expected to continue to grow except Russia and Japan, which will see their populations drop by 2030 before falling again significantly by 2050.
• Many other nations have populations of at least one million, while there are also countries that have just thousands. The smallest population in the world can be found in Vatican City, where only 801 people reside.
• In 2018, the world’s population growth rate was 1.12%. Every five years since the 1970s, the population growth rate has continued to fall. The world’s population is expected to continue to grow larger but at a much slower pace. By 2030, the population will exceed 8 billion. In 2040, this number will grow to more than 9 billion. In 2055, the number will rise to over 10 billion, and another billion people won’t be added until near the end of the century. The current annual population growth estimates from the United Nations are in the millions - estimating that over 80 million new lives are added yearly.
• This population growth will be significantly impacted by nine specific countries which are situated to contribute to the population growth more quickly than other nations. These nations include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, and the United States of America. Particularly of interest, India is on track to overtake China's position as the most populous country by 2030. Additionally, multiple nations within Africa are expected to double their populations before fertility rates begin to slow entirely.

Content

• In this Dataset, we have Historical Population data for every Country/Territory in the world by different parameters like Area Size of the Country/Territory, Name of the Continent, Name of the Capital, Density, Population Growth Rate, Ranking based on Population, World Population Percentage, etc. >Dataset Glossary (Column-Wise):
• Rank: Rank by Population.
• CCA3: 3 Digit Country/Territories Code.
• Country/Territories: Name of the Country/Territories.
• Capital: Name of the Capital.
• Continent: Name of the Continent.
• 2022 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2022.
• 2020 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2020.
• 2015 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2015.
• 2010 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2010.
• 2000 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 2000.
• 1990 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 1990.
• 1980 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 1980.
• 1970 Population: Population of the Country/Territories in the year 1970.
• Area (km²): Area size of the Country/Territories in square kilometers.
• Density (per km²): Population Density per square kilometer.
• Growth Rate: Population Growth Rate by Country/Territories.
• World Population Percentage: The population percentage by each Country/Territories.

Brazil conducted its first nationwide census in 1872; this census gave total populations of 4.2 million free non-whites, 1.5 million slave non-whites, and 3.8 million whites. Indigenous people and those of mixed indigenous descent were largely excluded from the census, although an overall figure of 0.4 million was given for the entire country. These figures combined to give a total of 9.9 million (modern UN estimates put the total at 10.3 million in 1872; likely due to the census' exclusion of many non-white infants).

The state of Minas Gerais had the largest population, at over two million people, with the neighboring states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro with the second and third largest populations respectively. East Brazil was the region with the largest population, followed by the northeast and then south. In terms of ethnicity, non-whites outnumbered white people in every region except for the south, and free people of color outnumbered slaves in every state except for Rio de Janeiro.

In 2021, more than 28.4 million people were estimated to reside within the Legal Amazon area in Brazil. Since 1970, the resident population in the region has quadrupled. The Legal Amazon in Brazil extends across nine Brazilian states, with the the largest area located in the state of Amazonas.

In 2023, it is estimated that about *********** Brazilians lived in the United States. Of these, ************** lived in the state of New York. The largest community resided in the state of Florida, with around ******* Brazilians divided between the consulate in Miami and the consulate in Orlando. Brazil-U.S. relations In 2024, Brazil and the United States celebrated 200 years of diplomatic relations. The countries cooperate in various sectors, but the economy stands out the most, as the United States was Brazil's second-largest trading partner in 2023. The trade between these countries amounted to over ** billion dollars in that year. This proximity between the countries is appreciated by Brazilian citizens, who mostly have a good image of the North American country. U.S. Brazilian imports The value of U.S. imports of Brazilian origin has grown in recent decades. After a decline in 2020, the value of imports increased by around ***** billion U.S. dollars and, in 2023, the United States imported approximately 39 billion U.S. dollars’ worth of Brazilian goods. This was the highest level of Brazilian imports since 1985. Furthermore, the imports of agricultural products from Brazil totaled nearly *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023.

According to the 2010 UN Global Demographic Outlook, the world’s population reached 7.1 billion as of 1 July 2012. Asia accounted for the majority of the world’s population (just over 60 % in 2012), with 4.25 billion inhabitants, while Africa was the second most populous continent, with 1.07 billion inhabitants, or 15.2 % of the world’s total. By comparison, the EU had 504 million inhabitants in 2012, just over 7 % of the world’s population. In 2012, the world’s most populous countries were China (19.2 % of the world’s population) and India (17.8 %), followed by the United States (4.5 %), Indonesia (3.5 %) and Brazil (2.8 %).

The table contains the demographic projections of the main European countries from 2020 to 2080. The Eurostat table has been modified by economy-policy in order to obtain better visibility. Indeed, the number of inhabitants is expressed in “million inhabitants” and not in unit data.
In addition, demographic projections for China, India, Brazil and Russia were added for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050.

Abstract

From 2008 to 2012 researchers from the World Bank conducted an impact evaluation study in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of Minas Fácil Expresso program. This program was designed to extend a business simplification process already present in the most populous municipalities in the state to its remaining municipalities. This was intended as a quick and low-cost way to integrate the remaining municipalities, with the goals of facilitating the opening of businesses in these municipalities, reducing informality, and increasing state and municipal tax collection.

Researchers used administrative data provided by the Junta Comercial de Minas Gerais (JUCEMG), the Minas Gerais Chamber of Commerce.

There are 853 municipalities in Minas Gerais. Thirty-one of these, including Belo Horizonte, the state capital, have a physical Minas Facil office and are generally much larger in size. The dataset consists of the monthly formalization and tax data by municipality for the remaining 822 municipalities, along with the details of which of these received a Minas Fácil Expresso office.

Geographic coverage

The state of Minas Gerais

Analysis unit

• firms;
• municipalities.

Kind of data

Administrative records data [adm]

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

In 2020, ** percent of the leading franchise brands in Brazil were located in the state of São Paulo. Rio de Janeiro and Paraná accounted for ** percent of the largest franchise brands in the country. That same year, food brands represented the largest number of franchises in Brazil.

In 2025, approximately 23 million people lived in the São Paulo metropolitan area, making it the biggest in Latin America and the Caribbean and the sixth most populated in the world. The homonymous state of São Paulo was also the most populous federal entity in the country. The second place for the region was Mexico City with 22.75 million inhabitants. Brazil's cities Brazil is home to two large metropolises, only counting the population within the city limits, São Paulo had approximately 11.45 million inhabitants, and Rio de Janeiro around 6.21 million inhabitants. It also contains a number of smaller, but well known cities such as Brasília, Salvador, Belo Horizonte and many others, which report between 2 and 3 million inhabitants each. As a result, the country's population is primarily urban, with nearly 88 percent of inhabitants living in cities. Mexico City Mexico City's metropolitan area ranks sevenths in the ranking of most populated cities in the world. Founded over the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan in 1521 after the Spanish conquest as the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the city still stands as one of the most important in Latin America. Nevertheless, the preeminent economic, political, and cultural position of Mexico City has not prevented the metropolis from suffering the problems affecting the rest of the country, namely, inequality and violence. Only in 2023, the city registered a crime incidence of 52,723 reported cases for every 100,000 inhabitants and around 24 percent of the population lived under the poverty line.

According to the most recent national census, approximately 46 percent of the people residing in Brazil identified as Pardo Brazilians making it the largest ethnic group in the country. However, when breaking it down by regions, it can be seen that the ethnic distribution of Brazilian population varied considerably across the country. In the North, for example, 69 percent of the population identify as Pardo, while this share fell to 22 percent in the South, where 71 of inhabitants are white. The Northeast has the largest percentage of black people, with 13 percent.

In 2022, Brazil's agricultural production value amounted to around *** billion Brazilian reals, out of which more than ** percent originated in the state of Mato Grosso. São Paulo was the second largest crop producing state that year, accounting for **** percent of the country's production value.

Construction Cost: State: Mato Grosso do Sul data was reported at 1,760.730 BRL/sq m in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,751.240 BRL/sq m for Mar 2025. Construction Cost: State: Mato Grosso do Sul data is updated monthly, averaging 852.240 BRL/sq m from Mar 1986 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 470 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,339,810.110 BRL/sq m in Jul 1993 and a record low of 183.520 BRL/sq m in Jan 1989. Construction Cost: State: Mato Grosso do Sul data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.EA004: Construction Cost: Average: by Region and State. Average costs at the level of Federation Units: Costs are estimated by the weighted average of the costs of residential projects with a normal finishing standard; For this calculation, the weight (relative importance) of each project is considered in the most populous municipality of each geographic area.

In 2023, it was estimated that more than ********* Brazilians were living outside Brazil. The United States had the largest community, with over ********* Brazilian citizens. Portugal was the second country with the largest Brazilian community, namely ******* citizens. Brazilians abroad The Brazilian community sought economic opportunities in the United States in the 1980s, leading to the establishment of communities in New York and Boston. Facilitated by the common language and Portugal's favorable laws for the Community of Portuguese-speaking countries, Lisbon became the most popular destination in Europe. This city harbors more than ****** Brazilians, with women making up the majority of these. Immigration in Brazil Although more than ********* Brazilians live outside of Brazil, the country has had a positive migration rate since 2010, meaning that more people are arriving than leaving. One factor contributing to this is the current humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, which has increased the number of refugees arriving in Brazil each year.

In 2023, Mato Grosso was the Brazilian state with the largest planted area for agricultural production, amounting to more than ********** hectares. This represented around one fifth of the planted area for agricultural production in Brazil. Paraná ranked second, with around ************ hectares planted with permanent and temporary crops.

In 2022, the gross domestic product (GDP) of São Paulo amounted to 3.13 trillion Brazilian reals, which equated to over 31 percent of the national economic output. By contrast, ten federative units produced less than one percent of the Brazilian GDP each.

In 2021, grape production in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul amounted to 951.6 thousand metric tons. The southernmost Brazilian state accounted for over 56 percent of the national grape production that year. The state of Pernambuco ranked second, with an output of 390.6 thousand tons.