The statistic gives an index of most water-efficient cities in Northamerica in 2010. With a score of 85.6 out of 100, Denver was ranked sixth.

The statistic gives an index of the greenest cities in North America. With a score of **** out of 100, Los Angeles was ranked seventh.

Green cities index in North America

Based on a Siemens report, San Francisco has been listed as one of the greenest cities in North America, receiving a score of **** out of a possible 100 in 2010. Cities that are wealthier tend to be able to afford more productive projects and invest more resources into developing and monitoring environmental policies. Among Canadian cities, Vancouver was given a score of **** and was considered relatively low-income at the time. In fact, in North America income was found to be a lesser influence on environmental policy than was the case in European and Asian cities.

Vancouver also received the best ranking for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and air quality in the same year. The city had relatively low CO2 emissions per capita, partially because it primarily produces energy from hydropower sources. Its low emissions also contribute to a low rate of particulate matter emissions. To reduce the city’s pollution, Vancouver was actively promoting air quality improvement policies which also ensured that the poor are not disproportionately affected by pollution.

As for the United States, Ohio was considered one of the most polluted states in 2010, emitting 58.66 million pounds of industrial air pollution. Factors such as willingness to prioritize the environment can affect a city’s ability to contribute to environmental protection. In 2015, about 49 percent of people in the United States believed that the environment should be prioritized over the development of energy supplies.

Smart City & Connected City Solutions Market Outlook

The global market size for Smart City & Connected City Solutions is poised to grow from $520 billion in 2023 to an impressive $1.2 trillion by 2032, exhibiting a robust CAGR of 9.5% over the forecast period. This substantial growth is driven by advancements in IoT technology, increased urbanization, and the rising demand for energy-efficient systems and infrastructure.

One of the primary growth factors for this market is the rapid urbanization across the globe. More than half of the world’s population now resides in urban areas, and this figure is expected to rise exponentially over the coming decades. As cities grow, the strain on infrastructure, energy resources, and governance systems increases, creating a necessity for smarter and more efficient solutions. The integration of IoT and AI technologies into urban planning and management is enabling cities to meet these demands by optimizing resource use, reducing waste, and improving the quality of life for residents.

Another significant driver is the rising governmental and private sector investment in smart city initiatives. Governments worldwide are recognizing the benefits of smart city solutions in terms of energy conservation, better traffic management, enhanced security, and improved public services. For example, the European Union has committed substantial funding for smart city projects under its Horizon 2020 initiative, focusing on sustainability and technological innovation. Similarly, various countries in Asia-Pacific, North America, and the Middle East are launching extensive smart city programs, backed by both public and private investments.

The proliferation of advanced technologies such as 5G, blockchain, and AI is also playing a crucial role in the market's growth. 5G technology, in particular, is set to revolutionize smart city infrastructure by providing faster, more reliable connectivity. This will enable the high-speed data transfer required for real-time applications in smart governance, smart healthcare, and smart mobility. Additionally, blockchain technology offers enhanced security and transparency for various smart city applications, including energy grids, public services, and transportation systems.

The regional outlook for the Smart City & Connected City Solutions market is highly promising, with Asia-Pacific and North America leading the charge. Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth rate due to the rapid urbanization in countries like China and India and substantial government initiatives focused on building smart cities. North America, with its advanced technological infrastructure and significant investments in smart city projects, is also poised for considerable growth.

Component Analysis

The Smart City & Connected City Solutions market can be segmented by components into hardware, software, and services. Each of these components plays a critical role in the development and implementation of smart city solutions. The hardware segment includes sensors, cameras, smart meters, and other connected devices that form the backbone of smart city infrastructure. These devices collect vast amounts of data, which is crucial for monitoring and managing various urban functions. The increasing adoption of IoT devices is driving the growth of this segment, as cities aim to become more efficient and responsive.

Software solutions are essential for analyzing the data collected by hardware components and transforming it into actionable insights. This segment covers a wide range of applications, including data analytics platforms, urban planning software, and smart governance solutions. The demand for such software is growing as cities seek to harness the power of big data and AI to improve decision-making processes. Cloud-based software solutions have become particularly popular due to their scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, contributing to the overall growth of the software segment.

Services are another vital component of the Smart City & Connected City Solutions market. These services include consulting, system integration, and maintenance services, which are crucial for the successful implementation and ongoing operation of smart city projects. The complexity of integrating various hardware and software components into a cohesive system necessitates specialized expertise. As a result, there is a growing market for service providers who can offer end-to-end solutions, from initial planning and design to implementation and continuous support.<

Many urban indicators and functional citywide properties have been shown to scale with population due to agglomeration effects. We hypothesize that scaling relations may also exist for water-related urban indicators such as the water footprint. The water footprint is an indicator of water use that measures humans’ appropriation of freshwater resources. We analyze the scaling of the water footprint for 65 mid- to large-sized US cities using both empirical estimates and a social interaction network model of city functioning. The network model is used to explain the presence of any scaling exponent in the empirical estimates of the urban water footprint by linking to previous theories of urban scaling. We find that the urban water footprint tends to approximately show sublinear scaling behavior with both population and gross domestic product. Thus, large cities tend to be more water footprint efficient and productive than mid-sized cities, where efficiency and productivity are quantified, in a broad sense, as deviations from a linear scaling exponent. We find the sublinear scaling may be linked to changes in urban economic structure with city size, which lead to large cities shifting water intensive economic activities to less populated regions. In addition, we find that green water contributes to the scaling both positively by transferring the dependence of food consumption on population into the water footprint and negatively by increasing heterogeneity. Overall, the proposed scaling relations allow for the comparison of water footprint efficiency and productivity of cities. Comparing these properties and identifying deviations from the expected behavior has implications for water resources and urban sustainability.

This raster file represents a land cover classification in Santa Ana based off satellite imagery from February 22, 2015. This land cover classification was used in the following report: Mapping Land Cover in Secondary Cities in Central America. This work was initiated as an analytical effort to fill a gap on spatial form of secondary cities. While this is an independent output, this work is tightly linked to the work done under the Central America Urbanization Review. The analysis here described, was used as an input in the definition of urban agglomerations used in the Urbanization Review. The detailed analysis on secondary cities is seen as a complement to the work carried out in the Urbanization Review, in that it zooms into what is happening within a set of cities. The Urbanization Review instead provides a broader look at the system of cities in Central America, highlighting the key bottlenecks the regions faces in moving toward more inclusive, productive, and resilient cities. The Urbanization Review can be found here: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/134151467994680764/pdf/106268-...

This raster file represents a land cover classification in David based off satellite imagery from May 3, 2015. This land cover classification was used in the following report: Mapping Land Cover in Secondary Cities in Central America. This work was initiated as an analytical effort to fill a gap on spatial form of secondary cities. While this is an independent output, this work is tightly linked to the work done under the Central America Urbanization Review. The analysis here described, was used as an input in the definition of urban agglomerations used in the Urbanization Review. The detailed analysis on secondary cities is seen as a complement to the work carried out in the Urbanization Review, in that it zooms into what is happening within a set of cities. The Urbanization Review instead provides a broader look at the system of cities in Central America, highlighting the key bottlenecks the regions faces in moving toward more inclusive, productive, and resilient cities. The Urbanization Review can be found here: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/134151467994680764/pdf/106268-...

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global smart cities market size is USD 552158.6 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 220863.44 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1656432771.08 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 126996.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share for more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 27607.93 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 11043.17 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The smart transportation

Market Dynamics of Smart cities Market

Key Drivers for Smart cities Market

Rapid urban growth to increase the demand globally

Rapid urban growth is significantly driving the global demand for smart city solutions. As cities expand, the need for efficient management of resources and infrastructure becomes critical. This urbanization surge is accompanied by increasing populations, leading to greater strain on transportation systems, energy supplies, and public services. To address these challenges, cities worldwide are turning to smart technologies. These innovations enhance urban living by improving traffic management, reducing energy consumption, and streamlining waste disposal. Additionally, smart solutions foster economic development and environmental sustainability. By leveraging advanced technologies such as IoT and AI, urban areas can become more resilient, adaptive, and efficient. This transformation is essential for accommodating the burgeoning urban populations and ensuring sustainable growth in the future.

Policies and funding for smart city projects to propel market growth

Policies and funding for smart city projects are crucial drivers of market growth, providing the necessary framework and resources for development. Governments worldwide are recognizing the importance of smart cities in addressing urban challenges and enhancing the quality of life. By implementing supportive policies, they create an environment conducive to innovation and collaboration between public and private sectors. Significant financial investments are being directed towards infrastructure upgrades, technology deployment, and research initiatives. These funds facilitate the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT, AI, and data analytics into urban planning and management. Additionally, grants and incentives encourage businesses and startups to participate in smart city initiatives. This robust support accelerates the development and adoption of smart city solutions, driving substantial market expansion and progress.

Restraint Factor for the Smart cities Market

Challenges in ensuring different systems and technologies work seamlessly together to Limit the Sales

Ensuring different systems and technologies work seamlessly together poses significant challenges that can limit sales in the smart cities market. Interoperability issues arise due to the diverse range of technologies, platforms, and standards used in smart city solutions. These discrepancies can lead to integration difficulties, where systems fail to communicate effectively, resulting in inefficiencies and data silos. Additionally, the lack of unified standards and protocols complicates the deployment and scaling of smart solutions. This fragmentation not only increases implementation costs but also deters potential investors and city planners wary of technical complexities and risks. As a result, the market's growth is hampered by the slow adoption rate, as stakeholders seek reliable and compatible solutions to ensure seamless operation and long-term sustainability.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Smart cities Market

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a notable negative impact on the smart cities market. Economic downturns and budget reallocations have led to ...

This raster file represents a land cover classification in Limon based off satellite imagery from January 31, 2015. This land cover classification was used in the following report: Mapping Land Cover in Secondary Cities in Central America. This work was initiated as an analytical effort to fill a gap on spatial form of secondary cities. While this is an independent output, this work is tightly linked to the work done under the Central America Urbanization Review. The analysis here described, was used as an input in the definition of urban agglomerations used in the Urbanization Review. The detailed analysis on secondary cities is seen as a complement to the work carried out in the Urbanization Review, in that it zooms into what is happening within a set of cities. The Urbanization Review instead provides a broader look at the system of cities in Central America, highlighting the key bottlenecks the regions faces in moving toward more inclusive, productive, and resilient cities. The Urbanization Review can be found here: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/134151467994680764/pdf/106268-...

Out of all 50 states, New York had the highest per-capita real gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023, at 90,730 U.S. dollars, followed closely by Massachusetts. Mississippi had the lowest per-capita real GDP, at 39,102 U.S. dollars. While not a state, the District of Columbia had a per capita GDP of more than 214,000 U.S. dollars. What is real GDP? A country’s real GDP is a measure that shows the value of the goods and services produced by an economy and is adjusted for inflation. The real GDP of a country helps economists to see the health of a country’s economy and its standard of living. Downturns in GDP growth can indicate financial difficulties, such as the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009, when the U.S. GDP decreased by 2.5 percent. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on U.S. GDP, shrinking the economy 2.8 percent. The U.S. economy rebounded in 2021, however, growing by nearly six percent. Why real GDP per capita matters Real GDP per capita takes the GDP of a country, state, or metropolitan area and divides it by the number of people in that area. Some argue that per-capita GDP is more important than the GDP of a country, as it is a good indicator of whether or not the country’s population is getting wealthier, thus increasing the standard of living in that area. The best measure of standard of living when comparing across countries is thought to be GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) which uses the prices of specific goods to compare the absolute purchasing power of a countries currency.

This raster file represents a land cover classification in Santa Ana based off satellite imagery from February 22, 2015. This land cover classification was used in the following report: Mapping Land Cover in Secondary Cities in Central America. This work was initiated as an analytical effort to fill a gap on spatial form of secondary cities. While this is an independent output, this work is tightly linked to the work done under the Central America Urbanization Review. The analysis here described, was used as an input in the definition of urban agglomerations used in the Urbanization Review. The detailed analysis on secondary cities is seen as a complement to the work carried out in the Urbanization Review, in that it zooms into what is happening within a set of cities. The Urbanization Review instead provides a broader look at the system of cities in Central America, highlighting the key bottlenecks the regions faces in moving toward more inclusive, productive, and resilient cities. The Urbanization Review can be found here: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/134151467994680764/pdf/106268-...

Intra City Logistics Market Outlook

The global intra city logistics market size was valued at USD 35.6 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 68.1 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% during the forecast period. The key growth factor driving this market is the increasing need for efficient and timely delivery services due to the rapid expansion of e-commerce and the growing urban population.

One of the major growth factors fueling the intra city logistics market is the surge in e-commerce activities. With the rise of online shopping, there is a heightened demand for quick and reliable delivery services within cities. E-commerce giants like Amazon, Alibaba, and Flipkart are continuously optimizing their logistics networks to ensure same-day or next-day deliveries. This has led to an increased need for efficient intra city logistics solutions that can handle last-mile delivery challenges effectively. Moreover, the growing trend of hyperlocal delivery services, which focus on delivering groceries, food, and other essentials within a few hours, is further propelling the demand for intra city logistics.

Another significant growth driver is the advancement in logistics technologies. The adoption of innovative technologies such as GPS tracking, route optimization software, and autonomous delivery vehicles is revolutionizing the intra city logistics landscape. These technologies enhance the efficiency and accuracy of delivery operations, reduce operational costs, and improve customer satisfaction. For instance, route optimization software helps logistics providers plan the most efficient routes, reducing fuel consumption and delivery time. Similarly, autonomous delivery vehicles, including drones and robots, are being tested and deployed to enhance last-mile delivery efficiency in urban areas.

Last Mile Logistics is a critical component of the intra city logistics market, focusing on the final step of the delivery process from a distribution center to the end consumer. This phase is often considered the most challenging and cost-intensive part of the supply chain due to the complexities involved in navigating urban environments and meeting customer expectations for fast delivery. Companies are investing in innovative solutions, such as electric vehicles and drones, to enhance the efficiency of last-mile logistics. The integration of advanced technologies, such as real-time tracking and route optimization, is helping logistics providers overcome these challenges by improving delivery accuracy and reducing operational costs. As consumer demand for faster delivery times continues to grow, the importance of optimizing last-mile logistics will only increase, driving further advancements in this area.

The increasing urbanization and rising disposable incomes are also contributing to the growth of the intra city logistics market. As more people move to urban areas, the demand for goods and services within cities increases. This, in turn, drives the need for efficient logistics solutions to ensure timely delivery of products. Additionally, the rising disposable incomes enable consumers to spend more on online shopping and on-demand services, further boosting the demand for intra city logistics. The growing middle-class population, especially in emerging economies, is a significant driver of this market.

The regional outlook for the intra city logistics market indicates that Asia Pacific holds the largest market share, followed by North America and Europe. The rapid urbanization, booming e-commerce sector, and increasing investments in logistics infrastructure in countries like China and India are the primary factors driving the growth of the market in Asia Pacific. North America and Europe are also witnessing significant growth due to the rising adoption of advanced logistics technologies and the presence of leading logistics service providers. Additionally, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America regions are expected to experience moderate growth, driven by improving economic conditions and increasing investments in logistics capabilities.

Service Type Analysis

Transportation

The transportation segment is a critical component of the intra city logistics market, encompassing various modes such as road, rail, and air transport. Road transport, including the use of two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and four-wheelers, dominates this segment due to its flexibility and cost-effec

This raster file represents a land cover classification in Chinandega based off satellite imagery from November 25, 2013.

This land cover classification was used in the following report: Mapping Land Cover in Secondary Cities in Central America.

This work was initiated as an analytical effort to fill a gap on spatial form of secondary cities. While this is an independent output, this work is tightly linked to the work done under the Central America Urbanization Review. The analysis here described, was used as an input in the definition of urban agglomerations used in the Urbanization Review. The detailed analysis on secondary cities is seen as a complement to the work carried out in the Urbanization Review, in that it zooms into what is happening within a set of cities. The Urbanization Review instead provides a broader look at the system of cities in Central America, highlighting the key bottlenecks the regions faces in moving toward more inclusive, productive, and resilient cities.

The Urbanization Review can be found here: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/134151467994680764/pdf/106268-...

This raster file represents a land cover classification in La Ceiba based off satellite imagery from November 11, 2014. This land cover classification was used in the following report: Mapping Land Cover in Secondary Cities in Central America. This work was initiated as an analytical effort to fill a gap on spatial form of secondary cities. While this is an independent output, this work is tightly linked to the work done under the Central America Urbanization Review. The analysis here described, was used as an input in the definition of urban agglomerations used in the Urbanization Review. The detailed analysis on secondary cities is seen as a complement to the work carried out in the Urbanization Review, in that it zooms into what is happening within a set of cities. The Urbanization Review instead provides a broader look at the system of cities in Central America, highlighting the key bottlenecks the regions faces in moving toward more inclusive, productive, and resilient cities. The Urbanization Review can be found here: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/134151467994680764/pdf/106268-...

This raster file represents a land cover classification in San Pedro Sula based off satellite imagery from March 10, 2013. This land cover classification was used in the following report: Mapping Land Cover in Secondary Cities in Central America. This work was initiated as an analytical effort to fill a gap on spatial form of secondary cities. While this is an independent output, this work is tightly linked to the work done under the Central America Urbanization Review. The analysis here described, was used as an input in the definition of urban agglomerations used in the Urbanization Review. The detailed analysis on secondary cities is seen as a complement to the work carried out in the Urbanization Review, in that it zooms into what is happening within a set of cities. The Urbanization Review instead provides a broader look at the system of cities in Central America, highlighting the key bottlenecks the regions faces in moving toward more inclusive, productive, and resilient cities. The Urbanization Review can be found here: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/134151467994680764/pdf/106268-...

Investing in rental residential real estate in the major cities in Latin America was most profitable in Bogota, Colombia, as of ************. The return on investment of a rental home in Bogota was *** percent during that period, while in Buenos Aires, Argentina, it was **** percent. A high return on investment suggests higher profitability but it could also mean higher risk.

Annual total productivity cost per student associated with ILI-related reactive school closures among U.S. public schools, by urbanicity of school location a (2019 USD per student-year).

As of September 2019, Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, led the ranking of best cities in Latin America based on healthcare quality. With a score of **** (out of 10), this South American city had the most efficient healthcare system among those included in the study. However, approximately ** percent of Colombians stated not to be satisfied with the country's health system.

The gross domestic product (GDP) of California was about 3.23 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023, meaning that it contributed the most out of any state to the country’s GDP in that year. In contrast, Vermont had the lowest GDP in the United States, with 35.07 billion U.S. dollars. What is GDP? Gross domestic product, or GDP, is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced by an economy within a certain time period. GDP is used by economists to determine the economic health of an area, as well as to determine the size of the economy. GDP can be determined for countries, states and provinces, and metropolitan areas. While GDP is a good measure of the absolute size of a country's economy and economic activity, it does account for many other factors, making it a poor indicator for measuring the cost or standard of living in a country, or for making cross-country comparisons. GDP of the United States The United States has the largest gross domestic product in the world as of 2023, with China, Japan, Germany, and India rounding out the top five. The GDP of the United States has almost quadrupled since 1990, when it was about 5.9 trillion U.S. dollars, to about 25.46 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022.

In 2023, the national per capita disposable personal income was ****** U.S. dollars. In the same year, the total per capita disposable personal income in the state of Connecticut was ****** U.S. dollars.

Public Transport Market Outlook

The global public transport market size was estimated at USD 200 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 350 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2024 to 2032. The increasing urbanization and the growing demand for efficient and sustainable transportation solutions are primary growth factors driving the market. As more people move towards urban centers, the need for reliable and extensive public transport systems becomes vital, promoting investments and developments in this sector.

One of the primary growth drivers of the public transport market is the increasing awareness and governmental policies emphasizing environmental sustainability. As emissions from personal vehicles continue to contribute significantly to urban pollution, public transport emerges as a green alternative. Governments worldwide are adopting policies and providing subsidies to promote the use of public transportation, thereby reducing the carbon footprint. Furthermore, advancements in technology, such as the integration of IoT, AI, and big data analytics, are enhancing operational efficiencies and passenger experiences, further encouraging public transport adoption.

The rising fuel prices and the economic feasibility of public transport over private vehicles also play a crucial role in the market's expansion. As fuel costs soar, maintaining private automobiles becomes financially burdensome for the average consumer. Public transport offers a cost-effective alternative, minimizing travel expenditure. Moreover, many urban areas are experiencing increased congestion, and public transport systems present a more viable solution for reducing traffic, thus saving time and improving quality of life for commuters. This economic advantage is further supported by the rising trend of shared mobility services, which integrate seamlessly with existing public transport modes.

Demographic shifts, particularly the aging population and the increasing number of working professionals, also fuel market demand. Older individuals often rely on public transport for accessibility reasons, while the working populace seeks convenient and time-saving travel options. Urban planners are increasingly considering these demographic factors in transport planning, leading to enhanced and expanded transit networks. Additionally, the shift towards smart cities is pushing the development of integrated public transport systems that are crucial for the seamless flow of urban life.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the public transport market due to rapid urbanization and economic growth in countries such as China and India. These nations are heavily investing in public transport infrastructure to support their burgeoning urban populations. Meanwhile, Europe and North America are witnessing significant technological advancements and policy initiatives aimed at modernizing existing public transport systems to make them more environment-friendly and efficient. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to see substantial growth, driven by infrastructure development and increased investments in public transport.

Mode of Transport Analysis

The mode of transport segment in the public transport market is crucial as it encompasses the various means through which passengers are transported, including buses, trains, trams, metros, and others. Buses, being the most accessible and prevalent form, dominate the market due to their flexibility and coverage. Buses are extensively used in both urban and rural areas, offering extensive routes and frequency. The affordability and government initiatives promoting bus usage for reducing urban congestion contribute significantly to this segment's growth. Moreover, technological advancements in bus systems, such as electric and hybrid models, further enhance their appeal.

Trains and metros are central to the public transport market, especially in densely populated urban areas. These modes provide fast, reliable, and high-capacity transit solutions, making them indispensable for daily commuters in metropolitan regions. Governments are investing heavily in expanding rail networks and modernizing existing infrastructure with state-of-the-art technologies to boost efficiency and safety. The development of high-speed rail networks, particularly in Asia and Europe, highlights the segment's importance in reducing travel times and enhancing regional connectivity.

Trams are gaining popularity in urban areas due to their environmental benefits and ability to integrate w