With a market capitalization of 3.12 trillion U.S. dollars as of May 2024, Microsoft was the world’s largest company that year. Rounding out the top five were some of the world’s most recognizable brands: Apple, NVIDIA, Google’s parent company Alphabet, and Amazon. Saudi Aramco led the ranking of the world's most profitable companies in 2023, with a pre-tax income of nearly 250 billion U.S. dollars. How are market value and market capitalization determined? Market value and market capitalization are two terms frequently used – and confused - when discussing the profitability and viability of companies. Strictly speaking, market capitalization (or market cap) is the worth of a company based on the total value of all their shares; an important metric when determining the comparative value of companies for trading opportunities. Accordingly, many stock exchanges such as the New York or London Stock Exchange release market capitalization data on their listed companies. On the other hand, market value technically refers to what a company is worth in a much broader context. It is determined by multiple factors, including profitability, corporate debt, and the market environment as a whole. In this sense it aims to estimate the overall value of a company, with share price only being one element. Market value is therefore useful for determining whether a company’s shares are over- or undervalued, and in arriving at a price if the company is to be sold. Such valuations are generally made on a case-by-case basis though, and not regularly reported. For this reason, market capitalization is often reported as market value. What are the top companies in the world? The answer to this question depends on the metric used. Although the largest company by market capitalization, Microsoft's global revenue did not manage to crack the top 20 companies. Rather, American multinational retailer Walmart was ranked as the largest company in the world by revenue. Walmart also had the highest number of employees in the world.

Apple retained its position as the world’s most valuable brand in 2025, with an estimated brand value of nearly *** trillion U.S. dollars. Google ranked second, having been valued at *** billion dollars. Overall, the brand ranking was dominated by U.S.-based tech companies. Apple’s brand is synonymous with simplicity and innovation Apple is a California-based technology titan specializing in consumer electronics, software, and online services. According to the company’s latest filings, Apple’s global revenue reached *** billion U.S. dollars in 2024, with the iPhone being its most profitable operating segment. In addition to its signature smartphone, Apple’s other breakthrough products include the Mac computer, iPad tablet, and Apple Watch, all of which are continuously updated to match consumer needs and preferences. Nvidia Climbs into the Top 5 as AI Boom Accelerates A leading force in artificial intelligence, Nvidia reached the top five most valuable global brands for the first time in 2025. Behind the chips driving many of today’s generative AI applications, Nvidia is among the leading tech companies in terms of market capitalization, with a valuation of over ***** trillion U.S. dollars.

In 2025, according to the source's ranking, Apple was the most valuable brand in the world. The technology giant had an estimated brand value of approximately 574.5 billion U.S. dollars, followed by Microsoft, which was worth 461.1 billion dollars. The global dominance of technology companies Big tech companies take the lead of the world’s most valuable brands. Although brand valuation differs among sources due to different methodologies, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and Amazon consistently rank at the top in several rankings. Notably, business technology, media & entertainment, and consumer technology account for the leading industries driving the collective value of the 100 most valuable brands worldwide. The importance of brand value Brand value, not to be confused with brand equity, is a term used in the marketing industry to describe the value of a brand. The term is based on the implication that products with a well-known brand name can generate more money than those with a less well-known name. Strong brands enhance business performance primarily through their influence on three key stakeholder groups: customers, employees, and investors. They influence customer choice and create loyalty, attract, retain, and motivate talent, and lower the cost of financing for companies.

Continuously updated global ranking of the world’s largest publicly traded companies by market capitalization (USD) as displayed on Capital.com. The table lists each company’s rank, market cap in USD, latest share price and primary listing country; rankings reflect reported market caps as of the stated date and are updated over time.

As of October 29, 2025, Nvidia was the leading tech company by market capitalization globally at 5 trillion U.S. dollars. Nvidia became the first company to ever achieve the 5 trillion milestone, hitting this figure for the first time in October 2025. Apple ranked second at 4 trillion U.S. dollars, followed by Microsoft, Alphabet (Google), and Amazon. Nvidia's immense growth With a focus that began with origins in gaming, Nvidia's business strategy has been transformed by demand from data centers that sit at the heart of the AI boom. The company's chips have been favored to support the training and running of a range of large language models, most notably in the development of OpenAI's ChatGPT. Apple is also among the leaders Since its foundation in a Californian garage in 1976, Apple has expanded massively, becoming one of the most valuable companies in the world. The company started its origins in the PC industry with the Macintosh, but soon entered other segments of the consumer electronics market. Today, the iPhone is the most popular Apple product, although Mac, iPad, wearables, and services also contribute to its high revenues. Aiming at innovation, Apple invests every year in research and development, spanning a wide array of technologies from AI through to extended reality.

The following is a list of publicly traded companies having the greatest market capitalization. In the global business media, they are described as the world's most valuable companies as a reference to their market value. Its useful for EDA only

In 2024, tech companies ranked as the most valuable brands in the world, covering the five top spots in the source’s ranking. Apple led the list with a brand value of nearly 489 billion U.S. dollars, followed by Microsoft, Amazon, and Google – each with brand values of over 290 billion dollars. Samsung closed the top five, at over 100 billion dollars in brand value. Big techs are also huge in terms of market value The source determined brand value by combining financial information, the role the brand plays in determining consumer choice (independent of other factors such as price and convenience), and a qualitative assessment of the brand’s overall strength. Considering only financial data, Apple, Amazon, Alphabet (Google’s parent company) and Microsoft would be still on the top, as they have some of the highest global market capitalizations. However, when considering only qualitative factors regarding brand strength, the list would look very different, with Chinese app WeChat being the strongest brand worldwide in 2024. Brand value vs. profitability Brand value does not always translate into profitability. While Apple also happens to be the second most profitable company in the world, other companies with strong brands such as Google and Amazon rank lower in terms of net income. This phenomenon does not only apply to tech companies – Coca-Cola did not feature on the list of the most profitable companies worldwide. This is likely due to their franchised distribution structure, whereby manufacturing operations are handled by separate companies, each of which operates independently with an exclusive license to manufacture Coca-Cola beverages in their territory.

Context:- Amazon.com, Inc. is an American multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. Founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, Amazon has grown into one of the world’s most valuable companies, revolutionizing online retail and cloud services through its Amazon Web Services (AWS) division.

As of March 2025 Amazon has a market cap of $2.249 Trillion USD. This makes Amazon the world's 4th most valuable company by market cap according to our data. The market capitalization, commonly called market cap, is the total market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares and is commonly used to measure how much a company is worth.

Content:- This dataset covers Amazon’s daily stock price data from 2000 to 2025. It includes information on: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F14466026%2F5453b54c1a5488a995b51a5f3b23fd84%2FStock%20dataset%20variables.jpg?generation=1740822549719886&alt=media" alt="">

Time-period: 2000–2025

Acknowlegements This dataset belongs to me.I'm sharing it here for free.You may do with it as you wish.

Context

Alphabet Inc. is a listed US holding company of the former Google LLC, which continues to exist as a subsidiary. The headquarters is Mountain View in Silicon Valley. The company is led by Sundar Pichai as CEO.

With sales of $137 billion, a profit of $30.7 billion and a market value of $ 863.2 billion, Alphabet Inc. ranks 17th among the world's largest companies according to Forbes Global 2000 (as of 4th November 2019). The company had a market cap of $ 766.4 billion in early 2018. In 2019, Alphabet had annual sales of $161.9 billion and an annual profit of $34.3 billion.

Market capitalization of Alphabet (Google) (GOOG)

Market cap: $2.442 Trillion USD

As of August 2025 Alphabet (Google) has a market cap of $2.442 Trillion USD. This makes Alphabet (Google) the world's 4th most valuable company by market cap according to our data. The market capitalization, commonly called market cap, is the total market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares and is commonly used to measure how much a company is worth.

Content

Geography: USA

Time period: August 2004- August 2025

Unit of analysis: Google Stock Data 2025

Variables

Acknowledgements

This dataset belongs to me. I’m sharing it here for free. You may do with it as you wish.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F18335022%2F84937d0d9ac664fa6c705c0da59564e0%2FScreenshot%202024-12-18%20153807.png?generation=1734532695847825&alt=media" alt="">

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F18335022%2Fa927d7f9ef11a23685bbb86a25b44d8d%2FScreenshot%202024-12-18%20153822.png?generation=1734532715073647&alt=media" alt="">

Introduction:

This analysis delves into the financial performance of top companies by examining key metrics such as revenue, earnings, market capitalisation, P/E ratio, and dividend yield. By comparing these metrics, we gain a comprehensive understanding of a company's scale, profitability, market value, and growth potential. Through visualisations, the analysis also explores correlations between these metrics and offers insights into country-level performance, highlighting economic dominance across various sectors. This holistic approach provides a multi-dimensional view of global financial powerhouses, investor confidence, and regional economic trends.

Key Metrics Used:

1. Revenue (Trailing Twelve Months - TTM): - Definition: This is the total income generated by a company from its operations in the last twelve months. - Potential Insights: High revenue often indicates market dominance or high sales volume. Comparing revenues can reveal which companies are the largest in terms of business volume.

2. Earnings (TTM): - Definition: This refers to the company's profit after taxes and expenses over the trailing twelve months. - Potential Insights: Companies with high earnings are more efficient at converting revenue into profit, suggesting better profitability or cost management. A comparison of earnings provides insight into profitability rather than just scale.

3. Market Capitalisation (Market Cap): - Definition: Market cap is the total value of a company's outstanding shares of stock, calculated as stock price multiplied by the number of shares. It indicates the company’s size in the stock market. - Potential Insights: High market cap usually indicates investor confidence in the company. Comparing market cap among the top 15 companies reveals their relative size in financial markets.

4. P/E Ratio (TTM): - Definition: Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio measures a company's current share price relative to its per-share earnings. - Potential Insights: A high P/E ratio may indicate that investors expect high growth in the future, while a low P/E ratio could imply undervaluation or scepticism about growth. Companies are compared by their growth prospects or current valuation.

5. Dividend Yield (TTM): - Definition: Dividend yield is a financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. - Potential Insights: High dividend yield may indicate that a company returns more income to shareholders. It’s particularly useful for income-focused investors.

In this combined analysis, we will integrate the observations from the visualisations with the key financial metrics definitions and insights, to offer a comprehensive view of the top companies and country-level analysis across various financial dimensions.

Data Visualisations

Visualisation 1: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F13231939%2F2296eddd53ddd4b84346b1ea1324ec0a%2FScreenshot%202024-10-01%2015.16.51.png?generation=1727864461164331&alt=media" alt=""> Visualisation 2: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F13231939%2Fb35516c91e54eda75a03ff073e94dd73%2FScreenshot%202024-10-01%2015.17.53.png?generation=1727864511265917&alt=media" alt=""> Visualisation 3: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F13231939%2F506ca2428d34b15cd46e4a31261763d7%2FScreenshot%202024-10-01%2015.18.37.png?generation=1727864562835491&alt=media" alt=""> Visualisation 4: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F13231939%2F41e7a3e28c757239d26226f6a0ccdca9%2FScreenshot%202024-10-01%2015.19.20.png?generation=1727864614352037&alt=media" alt=""> A Markdown document with the R code for the above visualisations. link

1. Revenue (Trailing Twelve Months - TTM)

• Definition: The total income generated from a company’s operations over the last 12 months.
• Insights from Charts:
  • Revenue vs Earnings (Visualisation 2): Companies like Saudi Aramco are massive outliers with high revenues and even higher earnings, indicating impressive profitability despite their revenue volume.
  • Top 10 Countries by Average Revenue (Visualisation 3): China, South Korea, and Japan are at the top, with companies generating significant business volumes.
  • Analysis: High revenue companies like Walmart dominate the market but may not always convert this into proportional earnings or market cap growth. This could be due to operational costs or sector-specific challenges (retail margins being lower than tech).

2. Earnings (TTM)

• Definition: Profits...

Context

Visa Inc. is a stock corporation and, alongside Mastercard, one of the two major payment card companies and employed around 14,200 people in 2016. The VISA brand is a recursive acronym and stands for Visa International Service Association.

As of August 2025 Visa has a market cap of $670.57 Billion USD. This makes Visa the world's 16th most valuable company by market cap according to our data. The market capitalization, commonly called market cap, is the total market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares and is commonly used to measure how much a company is worth.

Content

Geography: USA

Time period: March 2008- Aug 2025

Unit of analysis: Visa Stock Data 2025

Variables

Acknowledgements

This dataset belongs to me. I’m sharing it here for free. You may do with it as you wish.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F18335022%2Fd7228cd56b0e488c3960fe55fcbcbf7b%2Fv%201.png?generation=1730049975476539&alt=media" alt="">

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F18335022%2Feb3bdf4b786a346b5f9f4833003040cb%2Fv%202.png?generation=1730049995477336&alt=media" alt="">

In 2009, Ecxxon Mobil Corp had a market capitalization of approximately ****** billion U.S dollars, making it the largest company in the world at the time. Five of the ten largest companies worldwide in 2009 were based in the United States, with three from Europe and two from China.

Dublin-based Accenture was by far the world’s most valuable IT services brand in 2025, with a brand value of 41.5 billion U.S. dollars. TCS and Infosys rounded out the top three brands.

Apple is one of the most influential and recognisable brands in the world, responsible for the rise of the smartphone with the iPhone. Valued at over $2 trillion in 2021, it is also the most valuable...

Context

Walmart Inc. is a global US retail group that dominates a large part of the US market. Walmart consistently ranks among the top companies in the Fortune Global 500 list of the highest-revenue businesses worldwide.

As of March 2025, Walmart has a market cap of $679.5 Billion USD. This makes Walmart one of the most valuable companies in the world by market capitalization. The market capitalization, commonly called market cap, is the total market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares and is commonly used to measure how much a company is worth.

Content

Geography: USA

Time period: January 2000 – March 2025

Unit of analysis: Walmart Stock Data 2025

Variables

Acknowledgements

This dataset belongs to me. I’m sharing it here for free. You may use it as you wish.

All Time Amazon Stock Prices

Amazon is one of the most valuable companies in the World. It was founded on July 5, 1994 in Washington by Jeff Bezos. It was first published as an online marketplace for selling books. Now it has become one of the World's Largest Companies in both Shopping and Technology. It was offered to the public in 1997. This dataset contains daily Amazon stock prices since May 15, 1997.

https://www.pazarlamasyon.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Jeff-Bezos-Amazon.jpg" alt="Jeff Bezos">

Enjoy the data. :)

Startups Valued at $1 Billion or More

A Comprehensive Dataset of Successful Startups around the World

About this dataset

This dataset contains a list of startup companies around the world that have been valued at $1 billion or more. This dataset can be used to research the most innovative and successful startups in the world, and to compare and contrast companies in different industries, locations, etc

How to use the dataset

This dataset can be used to research the most innovative and successful startups in the world, and to compare and contrast companies in different industries, locations, etc.

Some possible questions that could be answered using this data include: - Which startups have been valued at $1 billion or more? - Where are these startups located? - What industries do these startups belong to? - Who are the investors in these startups? - What is the last valuation of each startup? - When did each startup join Crunchbase?

Research Ideas

• Identifying the most innovative and successful startups in the world
• Analyzing and comparing startups in different industries, locations, etc.
• Predicting which startups are most likely to achieve unicorn status

Acknowledgements

This dataset was scraped from Crunchbase, a website that provides information on startups and tech companies.

Columns

File: unicorns.csv | Column name | Description | |:-------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------| | Updated at | The date when the dataset was last updated. (Date) | | Company | The name of the startup company. (Text) | | Crunchbase Url | The URL of the company's Crunchbase profile. (URL) | | Last Valuation (Billion $) | The company's last valuation, in US dollars. (Number) | | Date Joined | The date when the company joined Crunchbase. (Date) | | Year Joined | The year when the company joined Crunchbase. (Number) | | City | The city where the company is located. (Text) | | Country | The country where the company is located. (Text) | | Industry | The industry in which the company operates. (Text) | | Investors | The investors in the company. (Text) | | Company Website | The URL of the company's website. (URL) |

Delta Air Lines was the most valuable airline in the world as of April 2025, with a market value of 27.2 billion U.S. dollars. Ryanair Holdings ranked second, with 22.3 billion dollars worth of market value. Market valuation The market value of a company typically refers to the market capitalization of a publicly traded firm, and is calculated by multiplying the number of shares by the current share price. A company’s market value also serves as an indicator of its business prospects. Other factors such as profitability, debt load, and metrics like earnings before tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) are also considered when assessing a company's overall value.
Delta and Southwest: southern roots, global reach Southwest Airlines is the world’s largest low-cost carrier and the fourth-leading domestic carrier in the United States, operating from its headquarters at Dallas Love Field. Another powerhouse rooted in the American South is Delta Air Lines, one of the largest airlines in the world in terms of passengers carried. With its headquarters at the world’s busiest airport, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the airline is a member of the SkyTeam airline alliance.

Context

ASML is an innovation leader in the global semiconductor industry. We make machines that chipmakers use to mass produce microchips. Founded in 1984 in the Netherlands with just a handful of employees, we’ve now grown to over 40,000 employees, 143 nationalities and more than 60 locations around the world.

Market capitalization of ASML (ASML)

Market cap: $400.99 Billion USD

As of October 2025 ASML has a market cap of $400.99 Billion USD. This makes ASML the world's 28th most valuable company by market cap according to our data. The market capitalization, commonly called market cap, is the total market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares and is commonly used to measure how much a company is worth.

Content

Geography: Netherlands

Time period: March 1995 - Oct 2025

Unit of analysis: ASML Stock Data 2025

Variables

Acknowledgements

This dataset belongs to me. I’m sharing it here for free. You may do with it as you wish.

🏦 Share prices of technological giants: Meta, Apple, Amazon, Netflix and Google till February 2024

Meta (share prices since 2013 - 02.2024)

Meta Platforms, Inc., doing business as Meta, and formerly named Facebook, Inc., and The Facebook, Inc., is an American multinational technology conglomerate based in Menlo Park, California. The company owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, Threads, and WhatsApp, among other products and services. Meta ranks among the largest American information technology companies, alongside other Big Five corporations Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft. The company was ranked #31 on the Forbes Global 2000 ranking in 2023. https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F10074224%2F0092cfb5e21b4649fead60c2b969b799%2Fmeta.webp?generation=1708923032286895&alt=media" alt="">

Apple (share prices since 1981 - 02.2024)

Apple Inc. (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley. It designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Devices include the iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Watch, and Apple TV; operating systems include iOS, iPadOS, and macOS; and software applications and services include iTunes, iCloud, and Apple Music.

As of March 2023, Apple was the world's largest company by market capitalization, but it lost this position to Microsoft in January 2024. In 2022, it was the largest technology company by revenue, with US$394.3 billion. As of June 2022, Apple was the fourth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales, the largest manufacturing company by revenue, and the second-largest manufacturer of mobile phones in the world. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (the parent company of Google), Amazon, Meta (the parent company of Facebook), and Microsoft. https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F10074224%2F355fd858e8cf894c85d34012937de7cb%2Fmaxresdefault.jpg?generation=1708925753123441&alt=media" alt="">

Amazon (share prices since 1998 - 02.2024)

Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon, is an American multinational technology company focusing on e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It is considered one of the Big Five Amhttps://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F10074224%2F8c7eaaa939f4afa87230e4cfc7a73965%2F02.webp?generation=1708925895528644&alt=media" alt="">erican technology companies; the other four are Alphabet (parent company of Google), Apple, Meta (parent company of Facebook), and Microsoft.

Netflix (share prices since 2003 - 02.2024)

Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched on January 16, 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD‑by‑mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 260.28 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries as of January 2024. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games via its flagship service. As of October 2023, Netflix is the 24th most-visited website in the world with 23.66% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 5.84% and Brazil at 5.64%. https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F10074224%2F98710ac371805da8047b14bbd5f73b2e%2Fhppsunsetbronsonicon_1200xx4905-2759-184-0.jpg?generation=1708926012776496&alt=media" alt="">

Google (share prices since 2005 - 02.2024)

Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.) is an American multinational technology company focusing on artificial intelligence, online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, and consumer electronics. It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world" and as one of the world's most valuable brands due to its market dominance, data collection, and technological advantages in the field of artificial intelligence. Google's parent company Alphabet Inc. is one of the five Big Tech companies, alongside Amazon, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft. https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F10074224%2F86a517c27caafb1d081b4facc0752a9d%2FGoogle%20HQ.jpg?generation=1708926639236016&alt=media" alt="">