In 2022, the real gross domestic product (GDP) amounted to 249.65 billion U.S. dollars. This was an increase from the previous year when the real GDP came to 239.4 billion U.S. dollars.

The Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau defined Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the State of Colorado that includes the City and County of Denver and nine suburban counties. The Denver-Aurora-Broomfield MSA, the Boulder MSA, and the Greeley MSA comprise the larger Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area. Local residents generally use the term Denver area or Denver metro area which may informally mean anything from the continuously urbanized area within the six central counties of the MSA to the Front Range Urban Corridor north of Colorado Springs and south of Fort Collins.

In 2023, San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara Metro area in California was ranked first with median household income of 153,202 U.S. dollars. The Washington-Arlington-Alexandria metro area had a median household income of 121,469 U.S. dollars.

Graph and download economic data for All Employees: Construction in Jacksonville, FL (MSA) (SMU12272602000000001A) from 1990 to 2024 about Jacksonville, construction, FL, employment, and USA.

CityPropStat provides aggregated property statistics for 795 cities and towns (i.e., Metropolitan and Micropolitan statistical areas) in the conterminous United States. These statistics include sum, mean, median, Gini index and entropy of residential floor space, cadastral parcel size, floor-area ratio, and property value, approximately for the reference year 2020, aggregated by building construction year in decadal steps (cumulative and incremental) from 1910 to 2020.Cumulative statistics: CBSA_Property_Statistics_1910-2020_cumulative.csvDecadal time slices statistics: CBSA_Property_Statistics_1910-2020_decadal_slices.csvData source: Zillow Transaction and Assessment Dataset (ZTRAX), provided to University of Colorado Boulder via a data share agreement (2016-2023).CityPropStats is a supplementary dataset to:Ortman S.G., et al. (accepted): "Changes in Agglomeration and Productivity are Poor Predictors of Inequality Across the Archaeological Record". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2025).Column description:cbsa_idCBSA GEOIDcbsa_nameFull namecbsa_typeCBSA type (metro vs micropolitan statistical area)year_fromEarliest year for selection interval of properties based on their construction yearyear_toLatest year for selection interval of properties based on their construction yearcbsa_popCBSA population or population change (US Census)tot_res_propsTotal residential propertiestot_res_area_sqkmTotal indoor area of residential properties in sqkmavg_res_area_sqmAverage indoor area of residential properties in sqmmedian_res_area_sqmMedian indoor area of residential properties in sqmq25_res_area_sqm25th percentile of indoor area of residential properties in sqmq75_res_area_sqm75th percentile of indoor area of residential properties in sqmgini_res_areaGini index of residential property indoor areatot_prop_value_usdTotal residential property value in USDmedian_prop_value_usdMedian residential property value in USDq25_prop_value_usd25th percentile of residential property values in USDq75_prop_value_usd75th percentile of residential property values in USDgini_prop_valueGini index of residential property valuestot_lot_area_sqkmTotal lot (cadastral parcel) area in sqkmavg_lot_area_sqmMean lot area in sqmmedian_lot_area_sqmMedian lot area in sqmq25_lot_area_sqm25th percentile of lot area in sqmq75_lot_area_sqm75th percentile of lot area in sqmgini_lot_areaGini index of lot areaavg_farMean floor-area-ratio (FAR), with FAR being the ratio of building indoor area and lot area, based on residential propertiesmedian_farMedian floor-area-ratio (FAR), with FAR being the ratio of building indoor area and lot area, based on residential propertiesq25_far25th percentile of floor-area-ratio (FAR), with FAR being the ratio of building indoor area and lot area, based on residential propertiesq75_far75th percentile of floor-area-ratio (FAR), with FAR being the ratio of building indoor area and lot area, based on residential propertiesentropy_res_areaShannon entropy of the indoor area of residential properties, based on propertiesentropy_prop_valueShannon entropy of the property value of residential properties, based on propertiesentropy_lot_areaShannon entropy of the lot size of residential properties, based on propertiesarea_completenessRatio of properties with a valid indoor area attribute [0,1]value_completenessRatio of properties with a valid property value attribute [0,1]lotsize_completenessRatio of properties with a valid indoor area, property value, and lot size attribute [0,1]area_value_completenessRatio of properties with a valid lot size attribute [0,1]area_value_lotsize_completenessRatio of properties with both a valid indoor area and property value attribute [0,1]

Graph and download economic data for Total Gross Domestic Product for Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (MSA) (NGMP31080) from 2001 to 2023 about Los Angeles, CA, industry, GDP, and USA.

This statistic provides projected figures for the Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of the United States in 2021, by metropolitan area. Only the 100 leading metropolitan areas are shown here. In 2022, the GMP of the New York-Newark-Jersey City metro area is projected to be around of about 2.16 trillion U.S. dollars.

Los Angeles metropolitan area

A metropolitan area in the U.S. is characterized by a relatively high population density and close economic ties through the area, albeit, without the legal incorporation that is found within cities. The Gross Metropolitan Product is measured by the Bureau of Economic Analysis under the U.S. Department of Commerce and includes only metropolitan areas. The GMP of the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim metropolitan area located in California is projected to be among the highest in the United States in 2021, amounting to 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars. The Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas metro area is estimated to be approximately 543 billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

The Los Angeles metro area had one of the largest populations in the country, totaling 112.99 million people in 2021. The Greater Los Angeles region has one of the largest economies in the world and is the U.S. headquarters of many international car manufacturers including Honda, Mazda, and Hyundai. Its entertainment industry has generated plenty of tourism and includes world famous beaches, shopping, motion picture studios, and amusement parks. The Hollywood district is known as the “movie capital of the U.S.” and has its historical roots in the country’s film industry. Its port, the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach are aggregately one of the world’s busiest ports. The Port of Los Angelesgenerated some 506.43 million U.S. dollars in revenue in 2019.

The 1990 Census Block Statistics portion of the Archive of Census Related Products (ACRP) contains population and housing data from the U.S. Census Bureau's 1990 Summary Tape File (STF1B). The population data includes total population, age, race, and hispanic origin, while the housing data comprises number of housing Units, tenure, room density, mean contract rent, mean value, and mean number of rooms. Additional data includes land area, water area, centroids, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) codes, place codes, and special area codes. This portion of the ACRP is produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).

In 2022, the New Orleans-Metairie, LA metro area recorded the highest homicide rate of U.S. cities with a population over 250,000, at 27.1 homicides per 100,000 residents, followed by the Memphis, TN-MS-AR metro area. However, homicide data was not recorded in all U.S. metro areas, meaning that there may be some cities with a higher homicide rate.

St. Louis

St. Louis, which had a murder and nonnegligent manslaughter rate of 11.6 in 2022, is the second-largest city by population in Missouri. It is home to many famous treasures such as the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team, Washington University in St. Louis, the Saint Louis Zoo, and the renowned Gateway Arch. It is home to many corporations such as Monsanto, Arch Coal, and Emerson Electric. The economy of St. Louis is centered around business and healthcare, and in addition is home to ten Fortune 500 companies.

Crime in St. Louis

Despite all of this, St. Louis suffers from high levels of crime and violence. As of 2023, it was listed as the seventh most dangerous city in the world as a result of their extremely high murder rate. Not only does St. Louis have one of the highest homicide rates in the United States, it also reports one of the highest numbers of violent crimes. In spite of high crime levels, the GDP of the St. Louis metropolitan area has been increasing since 2001.

Zip folder conaining the data and code that support the findings of Kuipers et al. (2023) Land use diversification may mitigate on-site land use impacts on mammal popultions and assemblages. Global Change Biology.

The Data_code.zip folder contains four subfolders with the following files:

• Data_raw
  • AgriDiv_data.csv
  • AgriDiv_metadata.docx
  • Species_data.csv
  • Species_metadata.docx
  • Landscape_data.csv
  • Landscape_metadata.docx
• Data_derived
  • RIA_RSR_effect_sizes.csv
  • MSA_effect_sizes.csv
• Data_output
  • Response_estimation.csv
• R_scripts
  • 01_Effect_size_calculation.R
  • 02_Null_model_analysis.R
  • 03_Model_selection.R
  • 04_Model_analysis.R
  • 05_Response_estimation.R
  • 06_Figures.R
  • README.md

FHFA's Duty to Serve regulation defines "rural area" as: (i) A census tract outside of an MSA as designated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB); or (ii) A census tract in an MSA as designated by OMB that is: (A) Outside of the MSA’s Urbanized Areas as designated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Code #1, and outside of tracts with a housing density of over 64 housing units per square mile for USDA’s RUCA Code #2; or (B) A colonia census tract that does not satisfy paragraphs (i) or (ii)(A) of this definition. This data contains both the specific geographies which meet the Rural Areas definition and also the areas defined as “high-needs rural regions”.

The Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) is a tax incentive intended to increase the availability of low income housing. Section 42 provides an income tax credit to owners of newly constructed or substantially rehabilitated low-income rental housing projects. The dollar amount of the LIHTC available for allocation by each state (the "credit ceiling") is limited by population. Each state is allocated credit based on $1.25 per resident. States may carry forward unused or returned credit derived from the credit ceiling for one year; if not used by then, credit goes into a national pool to be allocated to states as additional credit. State and local housing agencies allocate the state's credit ceiling among low-income housing buildings whose owners have applied for the credit. The LIHTC reduces income tax liability. It is taken annually for a term of ten years and is intended to yield a present value of either (1) 70 percent of the "qualified basis" for new construction or rehabilitation that are not federally subsidized (i.e., financed with tax-exempt bonds or below-market federal loans), or (2) 30 percent of the qualified basis for the cost of acquiring certain existing projects or projects that are federally subsidized. The actual credit rates are adjusted monthly for projects placed in service after 1987. The qualified basis represents the product of the "applicable fraction" of the building and the "eligible basis" of the building. The applicable fraction is based on the number of low income units in the building as a percentage of the total number of units, or based on the floor space of low income units as a percentage of the total floor space of residential units in the building. The eligible basis is the adjusted basis attributable to acquisition, rehabilitation, or new construction costs (depending on the type of LIHTC involved). In the case of buildings located in designated Qualified Census Tracts or designated Difficult Development Areas (DDA), eligible basis can be increased up to 130 percent of what it would otherwise be. This means that the available credit also can be increased by up to 30 percent. For example, if the 70 percent credit is available, it effectively could be increased up to 91 percent. There is a limit on the number of Qualified Census Tracts in any Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) that may be designated to receive an increase in eligible basis: all of the designated census tracts within a given MSA/PMSA may not together contain more than 20 percent of the total population of the MSA/PMSA. For purposes of HUD designations of Qualified Census Tracts, all non-metropolitan areas in a state are treated as if they constituted a single metropolitan area.To learn more, go to: http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/qct.html. Data is current as of: 02/07/2013

Graph and download economic data for Unemployment Rate in Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (MSA) (VIRG251URN) from Jan 1990 to Jan 2025 about Virginia Beach, VA, NC, unemployment, rate, and USA.

Demographic, clinical and imaging data in MSA patients and motor subtypes.

Prior research has found that places and people that are more economically disadvantaged have higher rates and risks, respectively, of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Economic disadvantages at the level of places and people, however, are themselves influenced by economic policies. To enhance the policy relevance of STI research, we explore, for the first time, the relationship between state-level minimum wage policies and STI rates among women in a cohort of 66 large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the US spanning 2003–2015. Our annual state-level minimum wage measure was adjusted for inflation and cost of living. STI outcomes (rates of primary and secondary syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia per 100,000 women) were obtained from the CDC. We used multivariable hierarchical linear models to test the hypothesis that higher minimum wages would be associated with lower STI rates. We preliminarily explored possible socioeconomic mediators of the minimum wage/STI relationship (e.g., MSA-level rates of poverty, employment, and incarceration). We found that a $1 increase in the price-adjusted minimum wage over time was associated with a 19.7% decrease in syphilis rates among women and with an 8.5% drop in gonorrhea rates among women. The association between minimum wage and chlamydia rates did not meet our cutpoint for substantive significance. Preliminary mediation analyses suggest that MSA-level employment among women may mediate the relationship between minimum wage and gonorrhea. Consistent with an emerging body of research on minimum wage and health, our findings suggest that increasing the minimum wage may have a protective effect on STI rates among women. If other studies support this finding, public health strategies to reduce STIs among women should include advocating for a higher minimum wage.

Abstract Babesiosis is an economically important infectious disease affecting cattle worldwide. In order to longitudinally evaluate the humoral immune response against Babesia bovis and the merozoite surface antigen diversity of B. bovis among naturally infected calves in Taiaçu, Brazil, serum and DNA samples from 15 calves were obtained quarterly, from their birth to 12 months of age. Anti-B. bovis IgG antibodies were detected by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the genetic diversity of B. bovis, based on the genes that encode merozoite surface antigens (MSA-1, MSA-2b and MSA-2c). The serological results demonstrated that up to six months of age, all the calves developed active immunity against B. bovis. Among the 75 DNA samples evaluated, 2, 4 and 5 sequences of the genes msa-1, msa-2b and msa-2c were obtained. The present study demonstrated that the msa-1 and msa-2b genes sequences amplified from blood DNA of calves positive to B. bovis from Taiaçu were genetically distinct, and that msa-2c was conserved. All animals were serologically positive to ELISA and IFAT, which used full repertoire of parasite antigens in despite of the genetic diversity of MSAs.

The concentration of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) was determined in a shallow south central Greenland ice core (20D). This study provides a high-resolution record of the DMS-derived biogenic sulfur in Greenland precipitation over the past 200 years. The mean concentration of MSA is 3.30 ppb (σ = 2.38 ppb, n = 1134). The general trend of MSA is an increase from 3.01 to 4.10 ppb between 1767 and 1900, followed by a steady decrease to 2.34 ppb at the present time. This trend is in marked contrast to that of non-sea-salt sulfate which increases dramatically after 1900 due to the input of anthropogenic sulfur. The MSA fraction ((MSA / (MSA +nss sulfate)) * 100) ranges from a mean of 15% in preindustrial ice to less than 5% in recent ice. These MSA fractions suggest that approximately 15 to 40% of the sulfur in recent Greenland ice is of biological origin. It is suggested that there is a significant low- latitude component to the biogenic sulfur in the core and that variations in the MSA fraction reflect changes in the relative strengths of low- and high-latitude inputs. The data show no evidence for a strong dependence of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions on sea surface temperature during the last century. There is also no indication that the yield of MSA from DMS oxidation has been altered by increased NO x levels over the North Atlantic during this period. Details of the methods, data, and interpretation are given in: Whung, P.Y., E.S. Saltzman, M.J. Spencer, N. Gundestrup, and P.A. Mayewski, 1994. A two hundred year record of biogenic sulfur in a South Greenland ice core (20D). J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1147-1156. Whung, Pai-Yei, "A study of methanesulfonic acid in ice cores" (1991). Dissertations from ProQuest. 2946. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/dissertations/2946

Graph and download economic data for Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees: Total Private in Springfield, OH (MSA) (SMU39442200500000003) from Jan 2007 to Jan 2025 about Springfield, OH, earnings, hours, private, employment, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for New Private Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits for Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (MSA) (TAMP312BPPRIVSA) from Jan 1988 to Feb 2025 about Tampa, permits, buildings, FL, new, private, housing, and USA.

Co-evolution between pairs of residues in a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of homologous proteins has long been proposed as an indicator of structural contacts. Recently, several methods, such as direct-coupling analysis (DCA) and MetaPSICOV, have been shown to achieve impressive rates of contact prediction by taking advantage of considerable sequence data. In this paper, we show that prediction success rates are highly sensitive to the structural definition of a contact, with more permissive definitions (i.e., those classifying more pairs as true contacts) naturally leading to higher positive predictive rates, but at the expense of the amount of structural information contributed by each contact. Thus, the remaining limitations of contact prediction algorithms are most noticeable in conjunction with geometrically restrictive contacts—precisely those that contribute more information in structure prediction. We suggest that to improve prediction rates for such “informative” contacts one could combine co-evolution scores with additional indicators of contact likelihood. Specifically, we find that when a pair of co-varying positions in an MSA is occupied by residue pairs with favorable statistical contact energies, that pair is more likely to represent a true contact. We show that combining a contact potential metric with DCA or MetaPSICOV performs considerably better than DCA or MetaPSICOV alone, respectively. This is true regardless of contact definition, but especially true for stricter and more informative contact definitions. In summary, this work outlines some remaining challenges to be addressed in contact prediction and proposes and validates a promising direction towards improvement.

Graph and download economic data for Average Weekly Hours of All Employees: Total Private in Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA (MSA) (SMU31365400500000002A) from 2007 to 2024 about Omaha, NE, IA, hours, private, employment, and USA.