The Out-of-Band Authentication (OOBA) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the escalating need for enhanced security in a digitally transformed world. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.37% from 2019 to 2024 indicates a significant upward trajectory. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rising adoption of cloud-based applications and services necessitates robust security measures to mitigate the risks associated with remote access. Similarly, the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks are compelling organizations across various sectors—including BFSI, IT and Telecommunications, and Retail and E-commerce—to adopt multi-factor authentication (MFA) solutions, with OOBA playing a crucial role. The preference for convenient yet secure authentication methods, such as SMS, email, and token-based systems, is further driving market expansion. While on-premise deployments remain relevant, the cloud deployment model is gaining significant traction due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. Looking ahead, the OOBA market is poised for continued growth throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The expansion of the internet of things (IoT) and the increasing adoption of digital identity solutions will significantly contribute to market growth. However, challenges remain. The complexity of implementing and managing OOBA solutions, coupled with potential integration difficulties with existing IT infrastructure, can act as restraints. Furthermore, concerns regarding the security of various authentication channels, particularly SMS, due to vulnerabilities like SIM swapping, need to be addressed. Nevertheless, the continuous development of advanced authentication technologies and robust security protocols is expected to mitigate these challenges and propel the OOBA market towards sustained growth. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with established players alongside innovative startups vying for market share. Strategic partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions are likely to shape the market's evolution in the coming years. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Out of Band Authentication market, offering invaluable insights into its current state, future trajectory, and key players. The study period spans from 2019 to 2033, with 2025 serving as the base and estimated year. The report meticulously examines market size and growth, evaluating historical data (2019-2024) and projecting future trends (2025-2033), offering a robust forecast valued in millions. This report is essential for businesses, investors, and researchers seeking to understand and capitalize on the opportunities within this rapidly evolving sector. High-search-volume keywords like two-factor authentication, multi-factor authentication, risk-based authentication, passwordless authentication, SMS authentication, and email authentication are strategically incorporated throughout the report to ensure maximum search engine visibility. Key drivers for this market are: , Increasing Need for Frictionless Solutions Among Enterprise; Stringent Data Protection Regulations for Information Security. Potential restraints include: , Increasing Compliance Requirements and High Cost of Product. Notable trends are: BFSI Segment is Expected to Witness Significant Growth and Drive the Market.

North America Pin-based Access Control Market Overview: The North American pin-based access control market is poised for significant growth, with a market size of $0.79 million in 2025 and a projected CAGR of 5.30% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2033. The market growth is driven by increasing security concerns, the rise of cloud-based access control solutions, and the need for cost-effective and convenient access control systems. Market Dynamics: Key drivers of the market include the increasing adoption of pin-based access control systems in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises. The growing trend towards bring-your-own-device (BYOD) and remote work policies has also contributed to the market's expansion. Other factors such as government regulations and technological advancements, such as the integration of biometrics and mobile access, are expected to further fuel market growth. Despite the growth potential, the market may face restraints due to concerns over data privacy and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Recent developments include: March 2024: Yubico unveiled an extension to its YubiKey Bio Series, introducing multi-protocol keys that bolster biometric authentication for FIDO and Smart Card/PIV protocols. These new keys, like their predecessors, feature a fingerprint sensor, facilitating secure and hassle-free biometric and PIN-based logins on various devices and platforms. Notably, the multi-protocol keys provide enhanced adaptability for enterprises, particularly when integrated with the HYPR platform., June 2024: Salto Systems launched its latest innovation: the Design XS Keypad Wall Reader series. This cutting-edge product has a sleek design suitable for any environment, with a significant advancement in access control technology. Crafted for seamless operation with physical credentials and mobile access, the reader features a robust, long-lasting keypad.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Demand for Smart Door Locks, Growing Adoption of Access Control Systems owing to Rising Crime Rates and Threats; Rising Demand for Advanced Security Solutions in Residential Buildings. Potential restraints include: Increasing Demand for Smart Door Locks, Growing Adoption of Access Control Systems owing to Rising Crime Rates and Threats; Rising Demand for Advanced Security Solutions in Residential Buildings. Notable trends are: The Large Enterprises Segment is Expected to Hold a Significant Share in the Market.

1.Introduction

In the digital era of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the conventional Critical Infrastructures (CIs) are transformed into smart environments with multiple benefits, such as pervasive control, self-monitoring and self-healing. However, this evolution is characterised by several cyberthreats due to the necessary presence of insecure technologies. DNP3 is an industrial communication protocol which is widely adopted in the CIs of the US. In particular, DNP3 allows the remote communication between Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). It can support various topologies, such as Master-Slave, Multi-Drop, Hierarchical and Multiple-Server. Initially, the architectural model of DNP3 consists of three layers: (a) Application Layer, (b) Transport Layer and (c) Data Link Layer. However, DNP3 can be now incorporated into the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) stack as an application-layer protocol. However, similarly to other industrial protocols (e.g., Modbus and IEC 60870-5-104), DNP3 is characterised by severe security issues since it does not include any authentication or authorisation mechanisms. More information about the DNP3 security issue is provided in [1-3]. This dataset contains labelled Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP) network flow statistics (Common-Separated Values - CSV format) and DNP3 flow statistics (CSV format) related to 9 DNP3 cyberattacks. These cyberattacks are focused on DNP3 unauthorised commands and Denial of Service (DoS). The network traffic data are provided through Packet Capture (PCAP) files. Consequently, this dataset can be used to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDPS) systems that rely on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques.

2.Instructions

This DNP3 Intrusion Detection Dataset was implemented following the methodological frameworks of A. Gharib et al. in [4] and S. Dadkhah et al in [5], including eleven features: (a) Complete Network Configuration, (b) Complete Traffic, (c) Labelled Dataset, (d) Complete Interaction, (e) Complete Capture, (f) Available Protocols, (g) Attack Diversity, (h) Heterogeneity, (i) Feature Set and (j) Metadata.

A network topology consisting of (a) eight industrial entities, (b) one Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) and (c) three cyberattackers was used to implement this DNP3 Intrusion Detection Dataset. In particular, the following cyberattacks were implemented.

• On Thursday, May 14, 2020, the DNP3 Disable Unsolicited Messages Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Friday, May 15, 2020, the DNP3 Cold Restart Message Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Friday, May 15, 2020, the DNP3 Warm Restart Message Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Saturday, May 16, 2020, the DNP3 Enumerate Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Saturday, May 16, 2020, the DNP3 Info Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Monday, May 18, 2020, the DNP3 Initialisation Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Monday, May 18, 2020, the Man In The Middle (MITM)-DoS Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Monday, May 18, 2020, the DNP3 Replay Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Tuesday, May 19, 2020, the DNP3 Stop Application Attack was executed for 4 hours.

The aforementioned DNP3 cyberattacks were executed, utilising penetration testing tools, such as Nmap and Scapy. For each attack, a relevant folder is provided, including the network traffic and the network flow statistics for each entity. In particular, for each cyberattack, a folder is given, providing (a) the pcap files for each entity, (b) the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/ Internet Protocol (IP) network flow statistics for 120 seconds in a CSV format and (c) the DNP3 flow statistics for each entity (using different timeout values in terms of second (such as 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 and 240 seconds)). The TCP/IP network flow statistics were produced by using the CICFlowMeter, while the DNP3 flow statistics were generated based on a Custom DNP3 Python Parser, taking full advantage of Scapy.

3. Dataset Structure

The dataset consists of the following folders:

• 20200514_DNP3_Disable_Unsolicited_Messages_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Disable Unsolicited Message attack.
• 20200515_DNP3_Cold_Restart_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Cold Restart attack.
• 20200515_DNP3_Warm_Restart_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to DNP3 Warm Restart attack.
• 20200516_DNP3_Enumerate: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Enumerate attack.
• 20200516_DNP3_Ιnfo: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Info attack.
• 20200518_DNP3_Initialize_Data_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Data Initialisation attack.
• 20200518_DNP3_MITM_DoS: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 MITM-DoS attack.
• 20200518_DNP3_Replay_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 replay attack.
• 20200519_DNP3_Stop_Application_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Stop Application attack.
• Training_Testing_Balanced_CSV_Files: It includes balanced CSV files from CICFlowMeter and the Custom DNP3 Python Parser that could be utilised for training ML and DL methods. Each folder includes different sub-folder for the corresponding flow timeout values used by the DNP3 Python Custom Parser. For CICFlowMeter, only the timeout value of 120 seconds was used.

Each folder includes respective subfolders related to the entities/devices (described in the following section) participating in each attack. In particular, for each entity/device, there is a folder including (a) the DNP3 network traffic (pcap file) related to this entity/device during each attack, (b) the TCP/IP network flow statistics (CSV file) generated by CICFlowMeter for the timeout value of 120 seconds and finally (c) the DNP3 flow statistics (CSV file) from the Custom DNP3 Python Parser. Finally, it is noteworthy that the network flows from both CICFlowMeter and Custom DNP3 Python Parser in each CSV file are labelled based on the DNP3 cyberattacks executed for the generation of this dataset. The description of these attacks is provided in the following section, while the various features from CICFlowMeter and Custom DNP3 Python Parser are presented in Section 5.

4.Testbed & DNP3 Attacks

The following figure shows the testbed utilised for the generation of this dataset. It is composed of eight industrial entities that play the role of the DNP3 outstations/slaves, such as Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and Intelligent Electron Devices (IEDs). Moreover, there is another workstation which plays the role of the Master station like a Master Terminal Unit (MTU). For the communication between, the DNP3 outstations/slaves and the master station, opendnp3 was used.

Table 1: DNP3 Attacks Description

The size of the Virtual Private Network Market was valued at USD 65.7 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 135.55 billion by 2033, with an expected CAGR of 10.9% during the forecast period. The Virtual Private Network (VPN) market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing concerns over data privacy, cyber threats, and the need for secure remote access. Businesses and individuals are adopting VPN solutions to protect sensitive information from cyberattacks and unauthorized access. The rising trend of remote work, coupled with stringent government regulations on data security, has further fueled market expansion. Cloud-based VPNs are gaining traction due to their scalability and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, the surge in mobile device usage and public Wi-Fi networks has heightened demand for VPN services. North America leads the market due to high internet penetration and cybersecurity awareness, while the Asia-Pacific region is witnessing significant growth, driven by digital transformation and rising cyber threats. Key players in the industry are focusing on technological advancements, including AI-driven security enhancements and multi-protocol support. However, challenges such as performance issues, legal restrictions in certain regions, and high deployment costs persist. Overall, the VPN market is poised for continued expansion, with innovations and increasing consumer awareness playing a crucial role in its evolution. Recent developments include: An announcement has been made on 15 March 2021 by Cloud Nine Web3 Technologies that they have decided to sign an agreement with Victory Square technologies regarding an asset purchase. This will offer intellectual property rights with the production stage of VPNs., Later, the same company bought the company’s name of “Limitless Technologies” and other companies of Victory square such as Decentrum Ed-Tech software..

The size of the Communications Interface Market was valued at USD 2.19 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 7.22 Billion by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 18.58% during the forecast period. Communications Interface Market is a term that describes the technology and systems that are used to allow the exchange of data between devices or systems using various communication protocols. It serves as a bridge for the free communication of devices. Some of the features of the communication interfaces include multi-protocol compatibility, high-speed data transfer, and security. The market is widely applied in industries like telecommunications, automotive, healthcare, and manufacturing. Here, the smooth communication of data is of utmost importance to automate and control systems. Several types of communication technologies such as Ethernet, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and cellular networks dominate the market. The rising demand for IoT devices and smart technologies has significantly influenced the communications interface market. These devices need power-packed, efficient interfaces meant for real-time data transfer. Automation and smart system adoption is also an important driver of the market, as it improves efficiency and decreases operation costs. The advantages of advanced communication interfaces include improved system reliability, faster data transmission, and greater scalability for complex systems. As industries continue to digitize and connect, the need for reliable communication interfaces will drive the market forward, promoting innovation and improving connectivity across various sectors. Key drivers for this market are: . Rising need among enterprises to gain real time business insights for obtaining competitive position in the market, . Need of analytics among enterprises to analyze rising volumes of business data.

Market Overview:

India multi-factor authentication market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of XX% during 2024-2032. The rising focus of organizations on data protection, regulatory compliance, and the prevention of identity theft and fraud is primarily driving the market growth across the country.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) stands as an advanced security protocol meticulously crafted to bolster the safeguarding of digital accounts and systems. Its mechanism involves necessitating users to furnish several forms of identification, encompassing elements like passwords, fingerprints, or facial recognition, as prerequisites for access. This intricate process significantly elevates security measures, introducing heightened complexity for unauthorized individuals attempting to breach accounts or systems. The primary objective of multi-factor authentication is to fortify security by presenting multiple layers of verification, thereby contributing to a robust defense against potential threats and fraudulent activities. Given its effectiveness in mitigating security risks, there is a growing demand for MFA solutions throughout the country.

India Multi-Factor Authentication Market Trends:

The multi-factor authentication market in India has emerged as a critical component of the country's cybersecurity landscape, reflecting the increasing need for robust digital security measures. Moreover, as the digital landscape expands and cyber threats become more sophisticated, the demand for MFA solutions in India is on the rise. Besides this, organizations across various sectors, including finance, healthcare, and e-commerce, are recognizing the importance of implementing advanced authentication methods to safeguard sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access. Additionally, one of the key strengths of multi-factor authentication is its ability to reduce the risk of unauthorized access significantly. By requiring multiple forms of identification, MFA makes it more challenging for cybercriminals to compromise accounts or systems, providing a higher level of security compared to traditional single-factor authentication methods. Apart from this, the India multi-factor authentication market is witnessing substantial growth as businesses and government entities seek comprehensive solutions to address evolving cybersecurity challenges. As the digital transformation continues to accelerate in India, the multi-factor authentication plays a pivotal role in ensuring the integrity and security of digital identities, contributing to a safer and more resilient digital ecosystem. This, in turn, is anticipated to fuel the market growth over the forecasted period.

India Multi-Factor Authentication Market Segmentation:

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the market, along with forecasts at the country level for 2024-2032. Our report has categorized the market based on model, deployment type, application, and vertical.

Model Insights:

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• Two-Factor Authentication
• Three-Factor Authentication
• Four-Factor Authentication
• Five-Factor Authentication
  

The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the model. This includes two-factor authentication, three-factor authentication, four-factor authentication, and five-factor authentication.

Deployment Type Insights:

• On-premises
• On-Cloud
  

A detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the deployment type have also been provided in the report. This includes on-premises and on-cloud.

Application Insights:

• Smart Card Authentication
• Phone-Based Authentication
• Hardware OTP Token Authentication
  

The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the application. This includes smart card authentication, phone-based authentication, and hardware OTP token authentication.

Vertical Insights:

• Banking and Finance
• Government
• Travel and Immigration
• Military and Defence
• IT and Telecom
• Healthcare
• Retail and E-commerce
• Others
  

A detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the vertical have also been provided in the report. This includes banking and finance, government, travel and immigration, military and defence, IT and telecom, healthcare, retail and e-commerce, and others.

Regional Insights:

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• North India
• West and Central India
• South India
• East and Northeast India
  

The report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of all the major regional markets, which include North India, West and Central India, South India, and East and Northeast India.

Competitive Landscape:

The market research report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape. Competitive analysis such as market structure, key player positioning, top winning strategies, competitive dashboard, and company evaluation quadrant has been covered in the report. Also, detailed profiles of all major companies have been provided.

India Multi-Factor Authentication Market Report Coverage:

Abstract

The general objective of the Uganda CFSVA was to provide a baseline assessment of food insecurity and vulnerability in rural households of Uganda in a non-emergency setting, including the characterization of who are the food insecure, how many are there, where do they live, why are they food insecure and what intervention is appropriate to reduce their food insecurity and vulnerability. The specific objectives of the Uganda CFSVA are to: • provide information on food security and nutritional status in rural Uganda; • document the resources accessible to rural households and their resource allocation, including the livelihood and income-earning activities pursued at the household level; • assess rural communities’ exposure to crises and the coping mechanisms they use; • when possible, examine the evolution of food insecurity and vulnerability over time; • evaluate the context (education, health, social structure) and future risks for food security and livelihoods; • establish a typology and geographic distribution of food-insecure and vulnerable households; and • recommend appropriate food and non-food programme interventions to address both contextual and structural problems that affect food security in rural Uganda.

Geographic coverage

Rural national coverage with the exception of Kampala by sub-region

Analysis unit

• Household
• Mother
• Child aged 0-59 months
• Community

Universe

The sample universe for this study was all rural households of Uganda.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select households within each stratum. Because a large number of strata were defined (13) and because those strata were designed to be homogeneous, within each stratum, one third of the districts, with a minimum of two districts per stratum, was sampled proportionate to population size using 2002 census data. Figure 1.4-1 presents a map of the resulting 14 strata. The hatch marks highlight the districts that were sampled. The sampling procedure was logistically sounder than a simple random sampling of villages. Strata 14 (Kampala) was not surveyed, as this exercise focused on rural households. Within the selected districts and for each stratum, 20 rural sub-counties were randomly selected proportionate to size. No population data were available at a lower-aggregated level (e.g., villages), so within each sub-county, one village (or camp, where applicable) was randomly selected from a comprehensive list of villages and camps. Annex 3 presents the list of sub-counties and villages that were sampled.

Because comprehensive lists of all the households were not systematically available, interviewers were randomly assigned to “zones” of relative size within the villages or camps, as identified by village or camp leaders. The interviewers were directed to the center of each zone, where they randomly selected a direction in which to walk, and then selected every other household within that area. In each selected household, one adult (at least 15 years or older) was selected to be interviewed. When a selected household or individual was unable to participate, the next available household, or another individual within the selected household, was selected.

The minimum target sample size for each stratum was 200, for a total of 2,600 households. Sample size was determined using the difference-in-proportion formula and was adjusted for design effect due to stratification and multi-stage cluster sampling, using a of 5%, a level of precision of 10% and a design effect of 2. The assumed power was .80. During the data collection, 838 households were empty or refused to participate. Data collection took place from July 29, 2005, to August 29, 2005. The final sample size obtained was 2,987 households. Using the complex sample module of EpiInfo, the average design effect was estimated at 1.5, and the margin of error was within 3%.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Two different instruments were used during primary data collection: a household questionnaire and a community questionnaire: 1. The household questionnaire was designed to collect quantitative data in 11 areas: (1) demographics, (2) contextual information, (3) housing and facilities, (4) assets, (5) income, (6) expenditures, (7) food sources and consumption, (8) shocks and food security, (9) HIV/AIDS, (10) maternal health and nutrition (11) child health and nutrition. The instrument was a structured questionnaire using openended questions. Response options were provided to the enumerators but were not read to the respondents. For several questions, respondents were allowed to provide more than one response.

1. Measurements of the height and weight of mothers and children were included in the household questionnaire to assess nutritional status. Standard locally produced height boards for adults and children were used to measure height. UNICEF SECA 890 electronic scales were used to weigh mothers and children.

2. The community questionnaire was structured, open ended and designed to collect qualitative information on (1) demographics, (2) migration, (3) transportation, (4) water and sanitation, (5) education, (6) health, (7) market information, (8) agriculture and animal husbandry, (9) livelihoods, and (10) assistance and food aid. The community questionnaire was intended to contextualize the information collected at the household level. The resulting instrument was a structured, open-ended questionnaire. Response options were not systematically provided to the enumerators. Rather, the enumerators were asked to record exactly what respondents had to say.

The questionnaires were designed in a participatory manner that involved representatives from various agencies active in food security in Uganda. Because of the multiplicity of languages in Uganda, the instruments were not translated into the local languages. Proficiency in both English and the local language of the area being surveyed was one of the criteria for the selection of enumerators. While this may be considered a limitation to the study (e.g., different interviewers may translate the same question in a different way), the relative simplicity of the questions limited the risk of misinterpretation. Prior to the launch of the survey, the instruments were piloted among local experts, randomly selected individuals and a random sample of participants in a non-study site. Necessary revisions were made after each pilot stage.

Cleaning operations

Data entry for the household and community questionnaires was operated by Makerere University. Double data entry was used for the household questionnaire. Data entry used an Access database developed by WFP.

The global Bank DNS Security market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing reliance on digital banking services and the escalating threat landscape. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2.5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rising adoption of cloud-based solutions offers enhanced scalability and flexibility for banks, improving security posture and operational efficiency. Furthermore, stringent regulatory compliance mandates, coupled with the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks targeting financial institutions, are compelling banks to invest heavily in advanced DNS security solutions. The market segmentation reveals a strong preference for cloud-based solutions, driven by their ease of deployment and management, while the banking sector remains the dominant application segment. However, the market faces certain restraints, such as the high initial investment costs associated with implementing advanced DNS security infrastructure and the complexities involved in integrating these solutions with existing IT systems. Looking ahead, several trends are shaping the future of Bank DNS Security. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into DNS security solutions is enhancing threat detection capabilities and enabling proactive mitigation strategies. Furthermore, the growing adoption of multi-factor authentication (MFA) and other advanced security protocols is further strengthening the overall security posture of banking systems. The increasing adoption of SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network) solutions is streamlining network management and improving security across geographically dispersed banking branches. Geographic expansion, particularly in developing economies with burgeoning digital banking sectors, presents significant growth opportunities. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging technology providers, fostering innovation and driving market evolution. Overall, the Bank DNS Security market is poised for sustained growth, driven by evolving technological advancements, regulatory pressures, and the increasing need for robust cybersecurity solutions within the banking industry.

Snapshot img

Web Performance Market Size 2024-2028

The web performance market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.8 billion, at a CAGR of 8.12% between 2023 and 2028. The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing use of advanced web technologies and the expanding Internet user base. Key trends include the demand for mobile web performance solutions due to the rise in mobile internet usage, as well as the integration of security services such as Web Application Firewall as a Service (WAFaaS) and multi-factor authentication to enhance security. Sectors like media and entertainment, healthcare, transportation, logistics and manufacturing are major contributors to the market's growth, as they rely heavily on web applications for business operations. However, high deployment costs and the increasing number of cyber attacks pose challenges to market growth. The need for faster web performance and security measures is becoming crucial for businesses to maintain a competitive edge and provide a seamless user experience.

Market Analysis

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The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing reliance on the Internet for business operations and consumer engagement. The e-commerce industry, in particular, is driving the demand for improved web performance as online sales continue to stream. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) play a crucial role in delivering content quickly and efficiently, especially for large media files such as images. IT and telecom sectors are also investing heavily in web performance to enhance user experience. E-commerce sites, media and entertainment, healthcare, logistics and transportation, and the SME sector are some of the key industries leveraging web performance technologies.

Moreover, mobile devices have further complicated the digital landscape, necessitating optimization for various screen sizes and mobile-specific protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Search engine optimization, user experience, and privacy laws are critical factors influencing web performance. Tools like SolarWinds and AppDynamics help monitor and optimize web performance, while Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and HTTP/2 enable faster content delivery. Mobile penetration continues to rise, making it essential for businesses to prioritize web performance to cater to the growing mobile user base.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Deployment

  On premise
  Cloud


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

By Deployment Insights

The on premise segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market witnessed significant growth in 2023, with on-premises solutions holding the largest market share. This model necessitates substantial investments for product purchases, installation, maintenance, and upgrades. Additionally, organizations must hire and train an in-house IT workforce to support users, which can be costly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Despite the expense, large enterprises, primarily those dealing with sensitive data, prefer the on-premises model due to its enhanced security features. This model ensures end-to-end quality control and eliminates third-party involvement, making it a popular choice for organizations concerned with data security. In the dynamic digital landscape of the e-commerce industry, web performance solutions, such as those offered by SEMrush and application delivery controllers, play a crucial role in ensuring optimal website performance on both desktop and mobile devices.

Security breaches can lead to significant financial losses and reputational damage, making the need for reliable web performance solutions more pressing than ever.

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The on-premise segment was valued at USD 3.29 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Insights

North America is estimated to contribute 39% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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In the dynamic digital landscape of North America, particularly in the US, the e-commerce industry is experiencing significant growth. This expansion is driven by several factors, including the increasing number of cybersecurity breaches and the transition from traditional

Snapshot img

Industrial IoT Gateway Market Size 2025-2029

The industrial IoT gateway market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.41 billion at a CAGR of 20.9% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to the leveraging of manufacturing data for predictive maintenance. This trend is enabling businesses to optimize their operations and reduce downtime. Furthermore, the increasing focus on providing end-to-end services is driving the market growth. The Industrial IoT (IIoT) gateway market In the US is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing adoption of edge computing in manufacturing and industrial automation. 
However, the high installation cost due to the need for multiple gateways remains a challenge for market expansion. Organizations are exploring ways to reduce this cost through the use of multi-protocol gateways and cloud-based solutions. Overall, the market is expected to experience strong growth In the coming years, driven by these trends and the need for efficient and connected manufacturing processes.

What will be the Size of the Industrial IoT Gateway Market During the Forecast Period?

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IIoT gateways serve as entry-point edge devices, connecting various sensors, controllers, and legacy equipment to the cloud for data processing and analysis. These devices utilize MCUs (microcontroller units) and SoCs (systems-on-chip) to facilitate local data processing and reduce bandwidth requirements. Security is a major concern In the IIoT gateway market, with a focus on preventing cyberattacks and unauthorized access. Communication protocols such as Bluetooth and networking protocols like MQTT and Modbus are commonly used for data transfer.
Moreover, companies like Advantech offer a range of IIoT gateway solutions. Next-generation IIoT gateways feature flexible Soc-type designs, edge analytics, and data storage capabilities, enabling real-time processing and analysis of large volumes of data. Big data is also gaining popularity in the market for optimizing operational efficiency and improving overall performance. Overall, the IIoT gateway market is poised for continued growth, driven by the need for secure, reliable, and efficient data transfer and processing in industrial applications.

How is this Industrial IoT Gateway Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industrial IoT gateway industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Connectivity

  Wired IoT Gateway
  Wireless IoT Gateway


End-user

  Process industries
  Discrete industries


Processing Capability

  Edge IoT Gateway
  Standard IoT Gateway


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  South America

    Brazil


  Middle East and Africa

By Connectivity Insights

The bluetooth segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The Bluetooth segment holds the largest market share In the market in 2024, driven by its advanced features such as low battery consumption, fast data transfer speed, and secure device pairing. Operating In the frequency range of 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz, Bluetooth is ideal for short-range communications and is widely adopted In the building automation industry for its close connectivity and data security. The evolution of Bluetooth technology with advanced features and protocols is expected to meet market demands.

Furthermore, Bluetooth's data transfer capabilities without modifications and high tracking accuracy make it a preferred choice, fueling the growth of the market. Despite the benefits, security concerns such as cyberattacks and unauthorized access remain a challenge for the market. To mitigate these risks, virtualization and networking protocols are being integrated into industrial IoT gateways. The manufacturing sector is a significant contributor to the market's growth due to the increasing adoption of smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0.

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The bluetooth segment was valued at USD 364.70 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 39% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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In North America, the manufacturing sector, particularly In the automotive industry, is witnessing a significant push towards automation and productivity enhancement. This trend

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VPN Market Size 2025-2029

The VPN market size is forecast to increase by USD 57.85 billion, at a CAGR of 16.9% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key trends. The increasing adoption of bring-your-own-device (BYOD) policies in businesses is driving the demand for VPN solutions. Additionally, the growing popularity of cloud-based services is leading to an increase in the number of users requiring secure and private connections. However, the market also faces challenges from open-source VPN solution providers, which may offer free alternatives to commercial VPN services. These trends and challenges are shaping the future of the market and are expected to influence its growth trajectory in the coming years. The market analysis report provides a comprehensive study of these factors and offers insights into the potential opportunities and challenges for companies in the market.

What will be the Size of the VPN Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market continues to experience significant growth due to increasing concerns over online privacy and security. With the rise of remote work and virtual collaboration, companies are prioritizing productivity and data protection. VPN services have become essential tools for businesses to secure their data over public internet connections. Cyber-attacks and data breaches have heightened the demand for strong cloud-based security solutions.
Enterprises across industries, including BFSI, rely on VPNs to manage and secure their IP addresses and data. Service quality, high-speed connectivity, and low packet loss are key considerations for clients when selecting a VPN provider. VPN technologies, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Frame Relay, IP, Multiprotocol Label Switching, and Network Access Control, are integral to delivering secure and reliable connectivity. Cloud-based deployment of VPNs offers flexibility and scalability, making it a preferred choice for businesses.

How is this VPN Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The VPN industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  MPLS
  IP
  Others


End-user

  Commercial
  Individual


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Middle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The MPLS segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

MPLS VPNs have emerged as a preferred choice over traditional VPNs based on ISDN and analog lines, offering enhanced security and faster communications for enterprises. These networks ensure uninterrupted service accessibility while safeguarding sensitive customer data and corporate information stored on private servers. MPLS VPNs serve as a strong application networking platform for businesses of all sizes, delivering not only secure connectivity but also essential features beyond standard Internet connections and IPsec services. Key attributes of MPLS VPNs include built-in disaster recovery and business continuity solutions, optimized bandwidth, seamless connectivity, and access control services. Additionally, MPLS VPNs provide secure gateway access to cloud resources, private on-premise networks, and virtual private clouds.

In today's competitive business environment, MPLS VPNs are essential for enabling secure remote access, collaboration, and optimized connectivity for various end-user verticals, including healthcare organizations, educational institutions, and the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, MPLS VPNs are crucial for complying with data privacy regulations and ensuring secure data management in industries such as finance and insurance.

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The MPLS segment was valued at USD 8.77 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 30% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market in North America is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing importance of online privacy and security in the business environment. With the widespread adoption of remote work, virtual collaboration, and the use of IoT devices, companies are seeking strong VPN solutions to protect their data and ensure secure connectivity. The regulatory environment is a

The Perimeter Security Market offers a comprehensive suite of products, encompassing perimeter intrusion detection systems, video surveillance systems, access control systems, alarm and notification systems, barrier systems, and other components such as fencing, lighting, and detection devices. Each segment possesses distinct features and advantages, tailored to specific security requirements. Recent developments include: August 2022 Morley Max is a new product from Honeywell. With its performance-driven design and user-friendly features, the lightweight, robust, and easy-to-use Morley MAX fire detection and alarm system is a performance-driven fire alarm control panel. It helps protect buildings and their occupants. Innovative technologies that help with faster communication are multi-Boolean logic and the CANBus protocol between panels. With Honeywell Connected Life Safety Services (CLSS), the panel is easily networkable., June 2022 Night Color 2.0 Fusion Camera is a new product from Dahua Technology. Low-light applications needing full-color images and covert security are well-suited for the Night Color 2.0 fusion camera with fusion technology. Advanced real-time perimeter protection security, intelligent motion detection, and other features are included in the Analytics+ features. ePoE, triple-stream encoding, IP67 certification, and an Ultra-Wide Dynamic Range are further features.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing security concerns and the need to protect critical assets. Government initiatives aimed at enhancing homeland security.. Potential restraints include: High cost of implementation and maintenance of perimeter security systems. Lack of awareness about the benefits of perimeter security systems.. Notable trends are: The increasing adoption of managed security services. The development of cloud-based perimeter security solutions..

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Threat Detection Systems Market Size 2024-2028

The threat detection systems market size is forecast to increase by USD 230.60 billion at a CAGR of 22.24% between 2023 and 2028.

The heightened focus on public safety in light of escalating terrorist activities has led to a substantial expansion in the market for security technology. The imperative for comprehensive surveillance in heavily populated public spaces, such as airports, train stations, and sports venues, is essential for protecting the public and preventing potential threats. This growing demand for sophisticated security solutions has sparked the interest in metal detectors and other advanced security systems.
Furthermore, stringent regulations intended to strengthen security protocols and ensure regulatory compliance have contributed to market expansion. In response, companies are obligated to upgrade their current security systems and industrial control systems (ICS) security to adhere to these new mandates. The significance of maintaining a secure environment cannot be overemphasized, and the enactment of rigorous regulations represents a vital step towards achieving this objective.
The threat detection systems market is witnessing significant growth driven by cybersecurity solutions that provide real-time threat monitoring, intrusion detection systems, and AI-based threat detection. With an emphasis on network security and endpoint protection, these solutions offer robust vulnerability assessment and malware detection. Security information and event management (SIEM) platforms further enhance cloud security, ensuring comprehensive protection against evolving cyber threats.

What will be the Size of the Threat Detection Systems Market During the Forecast Period?

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How is the Threat Detection Systems Market Segmented?

The threat detection systems market research report provides comprehensive data (region wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD Billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018 - 2022 for the following segments.

Application Outlook

  Defense
  Commercial
  Industrial
  Public infrastructure
  Residential


Type Outlook 

  Hardware
  Software
  Services


Region Outlook 

  North America

    The U.S.
    Canada


  Europe

    The U.K.
    Germany
    France
    Rest of Europe


  APAC

    China
    India


  Middle East & Africa

    Saudi Arabia
    South Africa
    Rest of the Middle East & Africa


  South America

    Brazil
    Argentina

By Application

The market share growth of the defense segment will be significant during the forecast period. Defense forces use complex and multi-layered screening solutions and security services to maintain top-level security, thereby allowing personnel to focus on important missions instead of securing their infrastructure. Hence, the increase in terrorist attacks and rising concerns regarding the safety of defense infrastructure are boosting the demand for these solutions for defense applications.

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The defense segment was valued at USD 21.20 billion in 2018. Globally, government bodies and militaries face the challenge of protecting their forces and societies against terrorist attacks. Terrorism poses a real threat to the security and safety of troops, civilians, and critical infrastructure. Thus, defense infrastructure and other high-security government installations need to be secured properly. The rising need for the defense to focus on important missions instead of securing their premises will facilitate the market for detection systems, including military GNSS devices, during the forecast period.
Cyber threat intelligence has become essential in today's digital world, empowering AI-powered threat detection systems to proactively identify risks. Real-time monitoring enhances network security solutions, while perimeter defense systems prevent unauthorized access. Endpoint threat detection and intrusion detection systems play a crucial role in identifying and mitigating potential attacks. Biometric authentication strengthens access controls, ensuring secure user identification. Cloud security platforms safeguard sensitive data, while IoT threat management addresses the vulnerabilities of connected devices. Behavioral analytics help detect abnormal activities, complementing zero-trust security models that assume no user or device is trusted by default. Threat hunting services actively search for hidden threats, while deep learning security enhances advanced malware detection, providing a robust defense against evolving cyber threats.

The report includes an in-depth analysis of market trends and analysis, market growth analysis and challenges. Furthermore, the re

Abstract

WFP proposed to undertake a national Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) with the objective of measuring the extent and depth of food insecurity and vulnerability and identifying the underlying causes. The study is intended to inform relevant decision-making processes to mitigate food crises and increase food security.

The purpose of this Comprehensive Food security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) is to provide an accurate baseline and understanding of chronic food insecurity and vulnerability conditions in rural Rwanda, and how best to respond to them. It seeks to answer five main questions: 1. Who are the “food-insecure” and “vulnerable”? 2. How many are they? 3. Where do they live? 4. Why are they food-insecure? 5. What intervention is appropriate to reduce their food insecurity and vulnerability?

Geographic coverage

Rural area

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Rural households from the nationally sampled area

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select households within each food economy zone. Zones de dénombrement (ZD, enumeration zones) were selected first, followed by households. The 2002 census divided sectors in 7,727 ZD. ZD were also used for the 2002 and 2005 Population and Household Living Conditions Study (EICV). ZD were used for the first stage of sampling so that data from EICV studies could be incorporated in the analysis.

A total of 493 ZD were selected randomly (stratified by FEZ and well distributed throughout the former administrative provinces) from the list of all rural ZD. Within those ZD, comprehensive household lists were used to randomly select a total sample of 2,806 households. The sample size was designed to provide representative results at the FEZ level. A total of 2,786 households were interviewed for this study.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The household questionnaire (see Annex 2) was designed using a participatory approach that involved WFP and partners. The resulting instrument was a structured questionnaire using open-ended questions. Response options were provided to the enumerators but were not read to the respondents unless otherwise specified. For several questions, respondents were allowed to provide more than one response.

The survey instrument sought to collect quantitative data on 13 components: (1) demographics; (2) housing and facilities; (3) household and productive assets; (4) inputs to livelihoods; (5) migration and remittances; (6) sources of credit; (7) agricultural production; (8) expenditure; (9) food sources and consumption; (10) shocks and food security; (11) programme participation; (12) maternal health and nutrition; and (13) child health and nutrition. Sections 12 and 13 included measurement of weight and height. Standard height boards for adults and children were used to measure height. UNICEF SECA 890 electronic scales were used to weigh mothers and children.

Face validity of the questionnaire was examined by local and food security experts and the questionnaire was piloted among a random sample of people not included in the study. At each stage, the questionnaire and study protocol were revised accordingly. The questionnaire was first developed in English and then translated in the local language, Kinyarwanda. The translation was reviewed through independent back-translation and pilot interviews to address any inconsistencies.

Cleaning operations

A team of ten people at the NSIR handled data entry for the household and community questionnaires. A database was developed using CSPro for data entry. The database was imported in SPSS for analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted by WFP in Rwanda and Rome, with the support of NSIR. SPSS and ADDATI 5.2c were used to conduct PCA and clustering analysis. Nutritional indicators were calculated using EpiInfo EPINUT. All other analysis was done using SPSS.