Data set from PLOS ONE Article Published Entitled: Western Lowland Gorillas Signal Selectively Using Odor

Context

This dataset was given by our professor as a lab work of machine learning.

Content

In the exam.xls file, the results of a computer science exam are recorded. The following parameters are used:

id = final digit of the student matriculation number group = name of the learning group sex = gender (m = male, f = female) quanti = number of solved exercises points = total score achieved from the exercises exam = total score achieved from the final written exam (* "Students must have to participate in the final written exam. If not, he/she will be considered as fail") passed = self-explanatory

Please solve the following tasks as far as possible with the IBM SPSS Modeler in a single stream/with python programming language.

TASK 1: (statistics) Determine the average, median, mode, and standard deviation of the points from the exercises.

TASK 2: (regression)

Check whether the points in the exam (y value) is dependent from the total score from the exercises (x value) by preparing the data graphically! Perform a linear regression! What are the parameters of the trend line? Determine (by hand) the correlation coefficient between the points (x value) in the exercises and in the points in the exam (y value). Interpret the result!

Acknowledgements

Basically, We used IBM SPSS Modeler for performing the task, as most of the students were not from the computer science background. But due to my self-interest, I also tried to solve the task with the python data science library.

Inspiration

Your data will be in front of the world's largest data science community. What questions do you want to see answered?

The original SPSS dataset used and analyzed in our study.

IntroductionCervical cancer is a significant public health problem for women worldwide. It is the fourth most frequent cancer in women globally. While early detection of cancerous lesions through screening tests leads to a better prognosis and a better chance of being cured, the number of people who go for screening is still low, especially for groups that are marginalized, like immigrant women.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify cervical cancer screening practices and factors influencing screening status among Yemeni immigrant women living in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.MethodA cross-sectional study among 355 randomly selected respondents between the ages of 20 and 65 was conducted through an online survey. A questionnaire was sent directly to the participants via WhatsApp. The analysis was conducted using SPSS 25 with a significance level of 0.05. It included descriptive analysis, chi-square and multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe response rate was 59%, with the majority of the respondents being married and between the ages of 35 and 49. Screening was reported at 23.1% in the previous three years. The final model revealed that age group 50–65 years (AOR = 5.39, 95% CI: 1.53–18.93), insurance status (AOR 2.22, 95% CI = 1.15–4.3), knowledge (AOR = 6.67, 95% CI = 3.45–12.9), access to health care facilities (AOR = 4.64, 95% CI = 1.29–16.65), and perceived barriers (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3–4.83) were significant predictors of cervical screening uptake among Yemeni immigrant women in Malaysia (p<0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results, cervical cancer screening was found to be low among Yemeni immigrant women. The predictors were age group 50–65 years, insurance status, knowledge, access to health care facilities and perceived barriers. Efforts to enhance immigrant women’s participation in cervical cancer screening must tackle barriers to access to healthcare services as well as expand cervical cancer screening education programs.

BackgroundCurrently, the biggest issue facing the entire world is mental health. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, nearly one-fourth of the community is experiencing any of the mental illness categories. Most of the cases were treated in religious and traditional institutions, which the community most liked to be treated. However, there were very limited studies conducted to show the level of mental health literacy among traditional healers.AimsThe study aimed to assess the level of mental health literacy and its associated factors among traditional healers toward mental illness found in Northeast, Ethiopia from September 1-30/2022.MethodA mixed approach cross-sectional study design was carried out on September 130, 2022, using simple random sampling with a total sample of 343. Pretested, structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were utilized for data collection. The level of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) was assessed using the 35 mental health literacy (35-MHLQ) scale. The semi-structured checklist was used for the in-depth interview and the FGD for the qualitative part. Data was entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and, then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was analyzed with bivariate and multivariable linear regression. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data, and the findings were then referenced with the findings of the quantitative data.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that the sample of traditional healers found in Dessie City scored a total mean of mental health literacy of 91.81 ± 10:53. Age (β = -0.215, 95% CI (-0.233, -0.05), p = 0.003, informal educational status (β = -5.378, 95% CI (-6.505, -0.350), p = 0.029, presence of relative with a mental disorder (β = 6.030, 95% CI (0.073, 7.428),p = 0.046, getting information on mental illness (β = 6.565, 95% CI (3.432, 8.680), p =

These teaching datasets, comprising a sub-set of a large-scale longitudinal study, the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), were created as part of the NCRM Developing Statistical Modelling in the Social Sciences: Lancaster-Warwick-Stirling Node Phase 2 project, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). During the project, a web site was created with the aim to provide a web-based training resource about the use of statistical regression methods in educational research. The content is designed to teach users how to perform a variety of regression analyses using SPSS, starting with foundation material in basic statistics and working through to more complex multiple linear, logistic and ordinal regression models. Along with illustrated modules the site contains demonstration videos, interactive quizzes and SPSS exercises and examples that use these LSYPE teaching data. Further information and documentation may be found at the web site, Using Statistical Methods in Education Research. Throughout the site modules users are invited to use the datasets for either following the examples or performing exercises. Prospective users of the data will be directed to register an account in order to download the data.

The full LSYPE study is held at the Archive under SN 5545. The teaching datasets include information drawn from Wave 1 of LSYPE, conducted in 2004, with GCSE results matched from Wave 3 (2006). Further information about the NCRM Node project covering this study may be found on the Developing Statistical Modelling in the Social Sciences ESRC award web page.

Documentation
There is currently no discrete documentation currently available with these teaching datasets; users should consult the web site noted above. Documentation covering the main LSYPE study is available with SN 5545.

For the second edition (July 2011), updated versions of the SPSS data files were deposited to resolve minor anomalies.

The survey dataset for identifying Shiraz old silo’s new use which includes four components: 1. The survey instrument used to collect the data “SurveyInstrument_table.pdf”. The survey instrument contains 18 main closed-ended questions in a table format. Two of these, concern information on Silo’s decision-makers and proposed new use followed up after a short introduction of the questionnaire, and others 16 (each can identify 3 variables) are related to the level of appropriate opinions for ideal intervention in Façade, Openings, Materials and Floor heights of the building in four values: Feasibility, Reversibility, Compatibility and Social Benefits. 2. The raw survey data “SurveyData.rar”. This file contains an Excel.xlsx and a SPSS.sav file. The survey data file contains 50 variables (12 for each of the four values separated by colour) and data from each of the 632 respondents. Answering each question in the survey was mandatory, therefor there are no blanks or non-responses in the dataset. In the .sav file, all variables were assigned with numeric type and nominal measurement level. More details about each variable can be found in the Variable View tab of this file. Additional variables were created by grouping or consolidating categories within each survey question for simpler analysis. These variables are listed in the last columns of the .xlsx file. 3. The analysed survey data “AnalysedData.rar”. This file contains 6 “SPSS Statistics Output Documents” which demonstrate statistical tests and analysis such as mean, correlation, automatic linear regression, reliability, frequencies, and descriptives. 4. The codebook “Codebook.rar”. The detailed SPSS “Codebook.pdf” alongside the simplified codebook as “VariableInformation_table.pdf” provides a comprehensive guide to all 50 variables in the survey data, including numerical codes for survey questions and response options. They serve as valuable resources for understanding the dataset, presenting dictionary information, and providing descriptive statistics, such as counts and percentages for categorical variables.

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate patient safety culture in secondary hospitals of Heilongjiang, Northeast China, and explore the implications of patient safety culture and practices through the perspectives of various healthcare workers.MethodsA cross-sectional survey using the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) was conducted to ascertain the status of patient safety culture in nine secondary hospitals across the six dimensions of the SAQ. Among the 900 staff members who were invited to participate, 665 completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the general means and standard deviations of the patient safety culture dimensions and other numerical variables, and F-test and a multivariate regression analysis were used to statistically analyze the differences in perceptions of safety culture considering the differences in demographic characteristics. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v. 22.0.ResultsThe respondents rated job satisfaction as the highest among all six dimensions of the SAQ, followed in order by teamwork climate, working conditions, and stress recognition (the lowest). There were significant differences among the dimensions of patient safety culture and other factors, such as gender, age, job position, and education. Compared with previous studies, teamwork climate and working conditions scores were quite high, while stress recognition score was very low. We also found differences in patient safety culture by demographic characteristics.ConclusionsThe findings revealed the patient safety culture attitudes of healthcare workers in secondary hospitals of Heilongjiang, and provided baseline data for related future research. This evidence may also help government health policymakers and hospital administrators understand related challenges and develop strategies to improve patient safety culture in secondary hospitals of China and perhaps also in other developing countries.

Stepwise multiple regression analysis results with initial score as dependent variable.

Stratum-specific multiple regression analysis of dietary nonadherence predictors based on the food security status of patients with T2DM at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2019.

This comprehensive research package documents the complete methodological and analytical materials from a discourse analysis study examining social discourse in Spanish digital media regarding biorefineries as renewable energy technologies (RETs). The research identifies narrative patterns, power dynamics, and communication strategies that influence the acceptance or rejection of biorefineries, providing empirical validation of the Communicative Hegemony Model in Energy Transition (CHMET).The study employs mixed qualitative and quantitative methodologies structured in four phases, analyzing 350 digital articles about 88 Spanish biorefineries published between November 2019 and November 2024. The qualitative approach involves systematic discourse analysis using social listening techniques and manual coding, while the quantitative dimension employs statistical tools including frequency analysis, chi-square tests, binary logistic regressions, and cluster analysis to establish significant relationships among key variables.This repository contains six main components: (1) the complete coded database with 350 news articles according to defined operational variables; (2) comprehensive SPSS 29 syntax files organized by analysis type (exploratory, logistic regression, cluster analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis); (3) complete statistical outputs in .spv format; (4) the database of 88 studied biorefineries with technical and geographical characteristics; (5) complete Social Onclusive monitoring configuration files; and (6) specific query sets designed for each monitored facility with detailed location and technology combinations.The coding framework follows the structured methodology outlined in Gertrudix et al. (2024) "Codebook for the analysis of social acceptance of biorefineries in Spain, based on public discourse in social media and digital media." The dataset comprises 49 variables encompassing geographical, organizational, and communication-related data, with detailed analyses of thematic, emotional, and argumentative dimensions.This resource supports researchers and practitioners exploring public perceptions of renewable energy technologies, democratic participation in energy transitions, and critical approaches to environmental communication, enabling replication and extension of the analytical framework to other contexts.

BackgroundThe achievement towards 100% exclusive breastfeeding still a challenge in many countries despite adverse impacts due to the absence of exclusive breastfeeding. One consequence from the low practice of exclusive breastfeeding is malnutrition, including stunting that can be prevented by providing optimal food to infants, starting with providing exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months of age. However, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding still low and it is suspected that this practice also decreased during the COVID- 19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in sub-urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study using cross sectional design conducted from interviewing 206 mothers in 2022 who meet the inclusion criteria, consisted of breastfeeding their babies in the last 1 year and live in Sub-urban area in Depok City, West Java. Multiple binary logistic regression used to measure the association and strength between independent variables with the outcome variable. Independent variables with a p-value < 0.25 during the Chi-square test were included in the logistic regression model.ResultsPrevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) was 58.3% and 57.8% respectively. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices are education, employment status, knowledge and attitude about exclusive breastfeeding, self-efficacy in providing exclusive breastfeeding, EIB practice, and eating pattern. From multivariate analysis, it was found that the dominant factors to exclusive breastfeeding are EIB.ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of improving exclusive breastfeeding practice through early initiation of breastfeeding, mother’s knowledge, education and self-efficacy. Therefore, health promotion and education should emphasize the importance of those factors, supported by the health policy and massive campaign as a key success in exclusive breastfeeding.

This study aims to determine "the effect of conflict on employee performance at Giant Pekanbaru". In this study, a sample of 90 people was used. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and data analysis techniques used with a significance level of 0.05 were validity test, reliability test with crobanchalpha, simple linear regression and t test analysis and analysis of determination R Square (R2). The results of the analysis and data of this study using the help of SPSS Version 16.0, the results of the simple linear regression equation are Y = 45.561 + 0.256X. Based on the results of the research on the t-test showed results, Tcount> Ttable or 2,250> 1,987. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between conflict on performance. Based on the data obtained from the variable Y (performance), obtained R Square (R2) of 0.597 or 59.7%. R Square is used to determine the percentage of the influence of the Independent variable (conflict) on the Dependent variable (performance) is 59.7% while the remaining 40.3% is influenced by other variables not examined.

This study aimed to develop training resources and standardize the assessment of dysphagia in patients with stroke. This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 430 nurses and doctors from four provinces(Guangdong Province, Hunan Province, Guangxi Province, and Shaanxi Province) who were selected by convenience sampling were invited to complete the questionnaire through WeChat, DingTalk, and Tencent QQ from May 23 to 31, 2022. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess participants’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior regarding dysphagia. Participants’ sociodemographic, training, and nursing experience were measured using the general information sheet and assessed as potential predictors of medical staff’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of dysphagia assessment. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify the factors predicting medical staff’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior regarding dysphagia assessment. The mean scores for Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavio..., Data Collection and Analysis This study was approved by the ethics committee of the study hospital. Data were collected on May 23–31, 2022. All participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through WeChat, DingTalk, and Tencent QQ from May 23 to May 31, 2022. A professional questionnaire survey platform that provides functions equivalent to Amazon Mechanical Turk called “Wenjuan Xing†was used to investigate. The researcher sent the questionnaire through WeChat, DingTalk, and Tencent QQ to colleagues and classmates to fill in and asked them to forward the questionnaire to their colleagues. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 23. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The findings were summarized using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and dummy multiple regression analysis. The data were normally distributed, as assessed by skewness and kurtosis tests. Descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, SD, or n, %) were used to summarize the study variable..., , # Predictors of medical staff’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of dysphagia assessment: A cross-sectional study

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.djh9w0w70

Description of the data and file structure

Datasets included:

1) Demographic characteristics

• Province
• Hospital level
• Hospital type
• Department
• Positions
• Title
• Working years in the field of dysphagia-related diseases
• Related training for dysphagia
• Specialized training in geriatric, swallowing, and rehabilitation
• Experience in nursing patients with dysphagia
• Q stands for variable name.
• DQ represents the dummy variable of the corresponding variable.

2) Questionnaire scores

• Medical staff’s Knowledge of dysphagia assessment. Scores were obtained from the Questionnaire on medical staff’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of dysphagia assessment. Knowledge is one of the dimensions of the questionnaire. The higher the score, the higher ...

The purpose of the present study was to examine how information source (control—no source, USDA, fictitious hospital, or fictitious social media) impacts perceptions of diet information. Participants included 943 American adults who were aged 18-74 years (M = 37.51, SD = 9.50) and were recruited from across the United States through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). As a manipulation check we assessed whether participants accurately completed the manipulation by ensuring their response to the question of who made the flyer. Participants who answered the question incorrectly were excluded from the analysis. In total, 537 answered correctly and were included in the analyses (Control = 113, Hospital = 144, Social Media = 121, USDA = 159). The majority of our eligible sample identified as men (N = 350), while the remainder identified as women (N = 185), nonbinary (N = 1), or “other” (N = 1).Participants completed an online survey in which they viewed one flyer containing dietary information and guidance on consuming pulses. The purported source of the flyer information was manipulated to create the 4 conditions. Participants rated the flyer in terms of perceived accuracy, trustworthiness, reliability, desirability for learning more from the source, and likelihood of following the advice. Attitudes, perceived control and norms, and past behavior were used to measure components of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). ANOVA results indicated that the USDA and hospital sources were perceived as more accurate, trustworthy, reliable, and more desirable to learn more from relative to control and social media. There were no differences in likelihood of following guidance depending on source. Multiple regression showed that measures of the TPB were predictors of likelihood of following advice. Participants also ranked their top 3 most trusted sources for health information from a list of 29 sources. Doctors, scientists, nurses, and family and friends were among the most frequently trusted sources. Overall, these findings suggest that trust in the source of information does not influence perceived likelihood of following dietary recommendations for pulses. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Effect of Source on Trust of Pulse Nutrition Information and Perceived Likelihood of Following Dietary Guidance. File Name: EffectofSource_Data.xlsxResource Description: One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess between-condition differences for ratings of each of the 5 primary dependent variables (i.e., perceptions of the flyer; variables named Flyer_InfoAccuracy, Flyer_TrustInSource, Flyer_SourceReliability, Flyer_LearnMore, Flyer_FollowAdvice). Tukey tests were used to examine all pairwise comparisons for each of the significant ANOVA effects. A bivariate Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between trust in source and likelihood of following advice (variables Flyer_TrustInSource and Flyer_FollowAdvice). Multiple regression/correlation (MRC) was used to assess whether components of the TPB (TPB_Attitudes1, TPB_Attitudes2, TPB_PerceivedNorms1, TPB_PerceivedNorms2, TPB_PerceivedControl1, TPB_PerceivedControl2, TPB_PastBehavior) were predictive of likelihood of following advice (Flyer_FollowAdvice). Finally, frequency data was used to assess percentage with which participants selected sources as being in their top 3 most trusted (Trust_Ald_2_0_GROUP1-Trust_Ald_2_0_29_RANK). Sources that were selected are noted as either 1, 2, or 3 depending on rank, and the sources participants did not select are listed as #NULL!. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software, version 28. Resource Software Recommended: SPSS,url: https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics?utm_content=SRCWW&p1=Search&p4=43700050715561164&p5=e&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI2fnV4I6e-AIVErfICh00pwcfEAAYASAAEgIkHfD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds

The data is from the article "Privacy Signals: Exploring the Relationship Between Cookies and Online Purchase Intention" and shows consumer perceptions of website transparency about cookie requests in the e-commerce environment. Overall, we used a quantitative methodology, through a descriptive study and four experimental studies. The results studies show that cookie acceptance positively influences the intention to purchase, only when the consumer accepts cookie collection and when they have a need for the product, resulting in greater perception of benefits associated with information disclosure. Risks did not show significance in this process. However, providing more information to consumers about data collection is advantageous because the intention to purchase is higher, even for those who do not accept cookies.

The data for the experiments were collected using Qualtrics software and online, using Facebook, through sponsored ads to ensure the randomness of responses. The products used in the experiment scenarios were chosen because of the pandemic context, where the consumption of products used in the home increased, to the detriment of superfluous or luxury products. The samples of the experiments respected the minimum criteria of 30 people in each experiment condition, as suggested by Hair et al. (2009). Statistical analyses were done through IBM SPSS Statistics statistical software using the Procces macro, which is an extension created for SPSS for multivariate data analysis and mediation analysis, as well as integrated conditional process models (Hayes, 2018).

Finally, we also used General Linear Model (GLM) in the analyses, as it is an extension of the linear regression model and indicated in cases of probability distributions other than the normal distribution, which makes it more flexible to handle the data (Hair et al. 2009).

Linear regression analysis of respondents in Dessie City, Northeast, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 343).

Objective: To analyse the oral health status of the indigenous people Xukuru from Ororubá aged 10 to 14 years old, in Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional population-based study developed within the limits of the Indigenous Land Xukuru, from January to March 2010. Oral examinations were performed on a sample of 233 indigenous people. The software SPSS 13.0® was used for descriptive analysis. Later, in order to measure the effect of factors associated with the absence of caries, Poisson log-linear multilevel models were tested with the statistical software MLwiN 2.02®. Results: Oral examinations identified a DMFT Index average of 2.38 (± 2.62). Among all individuals examined, 26.61% were caries free. Multiple regression analysis revealed a negative association between the absence of caries and the variables: higher average of people per household in the villages, higher number of residents per household, older age, male sex, not knowing how to read and write, and very dissatisfied/dissatisfied with teeth/mouth. The variables higher income per capita, not sleeping due to dental problems, had never been to the dentist, no occurrence of toothache, and no need for dental treatment were positively associated with the absence of caries. Conclusion: The absence of caries is associated with contextual and individual factors of the indigenous people Xukuru from Ororubá, aged 10 to 14 years old.

all particapants' profiles, urveying forms, and all data on hazards rates and social vulnerability factors. Both excel sheets and SPSS files are provided.

BackgroundInsufficient exercise affects the health of patients who have implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between exercise self-efficacy (ESE) and its associated psychological factors in ICD recipients.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included individuals who had undergone ICD implantation at the cardiology department of a medical centre in Taiwan. A face-to-face survey was conducted. The survey questionnaire included questions regarding the participants’ demographics, perceived health (PH), ICD shock–related anxiety (ICD-SRA), self-care self-efficacy (SSE), perceived exercise benefit (PE-benefit), perceived exercise barrier (PE-barrier), and ESE. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 Software. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were also performed to evaluate the predictive effects of the aforementioned factors on ESE.ResultsA total of 52 ICD recipients were enrolled. ESE was negatively correlated with ICD-SRA (r = −0.511; p < 0.01) and PE-barrier (r = −0.563; p < 0.01), but positively correlated with SSE (r = 0.339; p < 0.05) and PE-benefit (r = 0.464; p < 0.01). The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that PE-barrier, PE-benefit, and ICD-SRA effectively predicted ESE in the participants.ConclusionsESE may be improved by overcoming PE-barrier, ICD-SRA and enhancing PE-benefit. Consequently, improving ESE may enhance the health benefits of exercise.