In 2016, it was estimated that Birmingham had the largest Muslim population of any local authority in England and Wales at approximately 280 thousand people. Newham and Tower Hamlets, both boroughs of London, had the second and third-largest Muslim populations at 135 and 128 thousand respectively.

In 2019, there were estimated to be approximately **** million Muslims living in London, making it the region of England and Wales with the highest Muslim population. Large Muslim populations also live in other English regions, such as the West Midlands, the North West, and Yorkshire.

This statistic displays the projected Muslim population proportions in selected European countries in 2050, by scenario. In 2010 the proportion of Muslims in the population of Germany was *** percent, compared with *** percent in the UK and *** percent in France. Depending on the different migration scenarios estimated here, Germany's share of Muslims in the population could rise up to **** percent of it's population by 2050, higher than both the UK and France, with projected Muslim populations of **** and ** percent respectively.

This statistic shows the estimated number of Muslims living in different European countries as of 2016. Approximately **** million Muslims were estimated to live in France, the most of any country listed. Germany and the United Kingdom also have large muslim populations with **** million and **** million respectively.

According to the 2021 Census, there were 30.4 million (51.0%) women and girls and 29.2 million (49.0%) men and boys in England and Wales.

Islam is the major religion in many African countries, especially in the north of the continent. In Comoros, Libya, Western Sahara, at least 99 percent of the population was Muslim as of 202. These were the highest percentages on the continent. However, also in many other African nations, the majority of the population was Muslim. In Egypt, for instance, Islam was the religion of 79 percent of the people. Islam and other religions in Africa Africa accounts for an important share of the world’s Muslim population. As of 2019, 16 percent of the Muslims worldwide lived in Sub-Saharan Africa, while 20 percent of them lived in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Together with Christianity, Islam is the most common religious affiliation in Africa, followed by several traditional African religions. Although to a smaller extent, numerous other religions are practiced on the continent: these include Judaism, the Baha’i Faith, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Number of Muslims worldwide Islam is one of the most widespread religions in the world. There are approximately 1.9 billion Muslims globally, with the largest Muslim communities living in the Asia-Pacific region. Specifically, Indonesia hosts the highest number of Muslims worldwide, amounting to over 200 million, followed by India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Islam is also present in Europe and America. The largest Islamic communities in Europe are in France (5.72 million), Germany (4.95 million), and the United Kingdom (4.13 million). In the United States, there is an estimated number of around 3.45 million Muslims.

According to the 2021 Census, 81.7% of the population of England and Wales was white, 9.3% Asian, 4.0% black, 2.9% mixed and 2.1% from other ethnic groups.

The UK Islamic finance market, while smaller than some global counterparts, exhibits significant growth potential. Driven by a growing Muslim population and increasing awareness of Sharia-compliant financial products, the market is projected to experience a steady expansion throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The sector's performance is influenced by several factors. Government initiatives promoting financial inclusion and diversification, coupled with a robust regulatory framework, create a supportive environment. Furthermore, increasing demand for ethical and socially responsible investments fuels the adoption of Islamic banking, insurance (Takaful), and Sukuk (Islamic bonds). The presence of both international and domestic players further contributes to market dynamism. While competition is expected to intensify, the overall market outlook remains positive. Growth will likely be driven by a combination of factors, including the expansion of existing product offerings, the development of innovative financial instruments that cater to specific market needs, and the increasing sophistication of Islamic financial products. The sector's performance, however, remains contingent upon broader economic conditions and the regulatory landscape. The current focus on sustainability and ethical investing presents further opportunities for growth. The UK Islamic finance market's segmentation reflects the diverse nature of Sharia-compliant financial services. Islamic banking holds a significant share, providing a range of deposit and financing options. Takaful, the Islamic equivalent of conventional insurance, is also gaining traction, driven by the growing awareness and acceptance of its risk-sharing model. Sukuk issuance, while currently limited, presents significant potential for future growth as investors increasingly seek diversified and ethically sound investment opportunities. The "Other Fi" segment encompasses a variety of related services, contributing to the market's overall complexity and potential. Understanding the dynamics within each segment is crucial for identifying strategic investment opportunities and achieving sustainable growth within the UK Islamic finance landscape. The market's growth trajectory is expected to be influenced by both domestic and international factors, ranging from government policies to global economic trends. Recent developments include: April 2023: London-based Nomo Bank has announced an innovative new partnership with Abu Dhabi-based banks ADCB and Al Hilal Bank to bring digital UK banking to UAE nationals and residents., January 2022: Non-core market sovereigns such as the UK, Maldives, and Nigeria also issued sukuk. Fitch-rated sukuk reached USD132.4 billion in 2021, 80.1% of which were investment-grade. Outlooks improved with the share of sukuk issuers, with Negative Outlooks falling to 8.8% in 4Q21 from 23.4% in 4Q20.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in International Business and Trade, Increase in Muslim Population. Potential restraints include: Increase in International Business and Trade, Increase in Muslim Population. Notable trends are: Digital Disruption of the Financial Services.

In 2020, Indonesia recorded the largest population of Muslims worldwide, with around 239 million. This was followed with around 226.88 million Muslims in Pakistan and 213 million Muslims in India.

Over the five years through 2024–25, revenue is expected to drop at a compound annual rate of 0.7%, falling to £13.5 billion, including an estimated drop of 1.2% in 2025-2026. In recent years, shifting consumer preferences and downstream supply chain changes have reshaped the UK Meat Wholesaling industry. Higher meat prices, tighter household budgets and growing concerns about health and sustainability have accelerated a move away from red meat, with poultry emerging as the UK’s most consumed protein, according to DEFRA in September 2023. Chicken’s affordability, convenience and health appeal have helped support volume stability and protect revenue. Leading meat wholesalers like Booker Group and DB Foods have responded by prioritising lean cuts and investing in tailored supply chains. However, demand from discretionary markets such as restaurants and catering has dipped due to rising living costs and weaker footfall, while more supermarkets are bypassing wholesalers through direct procurement models. This has pressured meat wholesalers' revenue downward and squeezed their margins. Supermarkets and large-scale foodservice providers increasingly source meat directly from processors to avoid wholesale markups and strengthen supply chain control, reducing reliance on third-party wholesalers. At the same time, food inflation and demand volatility have intensified, driven by high fuel and feed prices, geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions. This has placed additional pressure on core markets. In response, wholesalers invest in digital fulfilment, cold chain infrastructure and short-term pricing models to maintain relevance and flexibility. Formats like frozen, vacuum-packed and portion-controlled meats are gaining popularity, particularly in the ready-meal and convenience retail channels. Poultry-led product lines and culturally significant segments like halal meat have also grown in importance, driven by demand from the UK’s growing Muslim population and increasing consumer emphasis on traceability, welfare standards and dietary alignment. Looking ahead, revenue is projected to drop at a compound annual rate of 0.6% over the five years through 2029–30, reaching £13.1 billion. A continued contraction in red meat volumes, rising buyer power and low industry margins will temper growth. However, sustained demand for poultry and health-oriented, value-added meat products is expected to provide a partial offset. Wholesalers that embrace automation, consolidate logistics and align with evolving consumer diets will be best placed to defend volumes and remain competitive in a maturing, price-sensitive market.

Approximately ****** prisoners in England and Wales identified as being Christian in 2024, the most of any religious faith among prisoners. A further ****** identified as having no religion, while ****** identified as Muslims.

In 2022, the highest and lowest rates of economic inactivity were in the combined Pakistani and Bangladeshi (33%) and white 'other’ (15%) ethnic groups.

In the 3 years to March 2021, white British families were the most likely to receive a type of state support.

From 2022 to 2060, the worldwide population of Muslims is expected to increase by **** percent. For the same period, the global population of Buddhists is expected to decrease by **** percent.

On 31 March 2024, 91.6% of police officers were White, and 8.4% were from Asian, Black, Mixed, and Other ethnic backgrounds.

Households from the Black Caribbean, Mixed White and Black Caribbean, and Bangladeshi ethnic groups were most likely to rent social housing in the 2 years from April 2021 to March 2023.

As of the first quarter of 2025, the unemployment rate for people of white ethnicity in the United Kingdom was 3.7 percent, the lowest of the provided ethnic groups in this quarter. By contrast, the unemployment rate for people in the Pakistani ethnic group was 13.1 percent.

There were approximately 181 thousand Pakistanis nationals residing in the United Kingdom in 2021, compared with the 189 thousand Pakistani nationals residing in the United Kingdom in 2008.