Anti-Black or African American attacks were the most common form of racist hate crime in the United States in 2023, with ***** cases. Anti-White hate crimes were the next most common form of race-based hate crime in that year, with *** incidents.

The graph illustrates the number of victims of race-based hate crimes in the United States in 2023. The x-axis lists various ethnic groups, while the y-axis represents the corresponding number of victims. The data reveals that Anti-Black hate crimes were the most prevalent, with 3224 victims, followed by Anti-Hispanic and Anti-Asian crimes with 861and 430 victims respectively. Other categories include Anti-Other Race (418), Anti-American Indian (112), Anti-Arab (154), and Anti-Native Pacific (15). The data indicates a significant disparity in the number of victims across different ethnic groups, with Anti-Black hate crimes being the most prominent.

In Canada in 2023, the ethnic minority most frequently affected by hate crimes motivated by race or ethnicity was black people, which accounted for *** hate crimes.By 2023, there were a total of ***** hate crimes reported to the police, of which ***** were racist hate crimes.

In the year ending in March 2024, 31.3% of victims of racially or religiously aggravated hate crime were Asian, 30.6% were White, and 23.1% were Black.

The graph illustrates the number of hate crime incidents against white people in the United States from 1991 to 2023. The x-axis represents the years, spanning from '91 to '23, while the y-axis indicates the annual number of incidents. Over this 33-year period, the number of incidents ranges from a low of 528 in 2011 to a high of 1,480 in 1993. Notable figures include 841 incidents in 1991, a decline to 539 in 2009, and a recent increase to 868 in 2023. The data shows a general downward trend in hate crime incidents from the early 1990s through the mid-2010s, followed by a significant rise in the latter years. This information is presented in a line graph format, effectively highlighting the long-term decrease and recent resurgence in hate crime incidents against white individuals in the United States.

In 2023, there were ***** incidents of race-based hate crimes in residences or homes - the most common location in that year. The second most common location, with ***** incidents, were highways, roads, alleys, streets, and sidewalks.

In 2023, ***** hate crime offenses were reported in California, the most out of any state. New Jersey, New York, Washington, and Massachusetts rounded out the top five states for hate crime offenses in that year.

In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.

In 2023, there were ***** victims of anti-Black or African American hate crimes in the United States, making it the racially motivated hate crime with the most victims in that year. The second most common racially motivated hate crime, anti-Hispanic or Latino crimes, had ***** victims in that year.

In 2023, there were *** incidents of hate crimes against transgender people in the United States. The most common form of gender or sexuality related hate crimes were anti-gay (male) hate crimes, with ***** incidents in that year.

BackgroundDuring COVID-19, anti-Asian discrimination increased in attention. Hate and unfair treatment are related but do not completely overlap. We expect those who report a hate incident would also report race-based unfair treatment, yet feelings of social desirability or self-blame may lead to under-reporting of unfair treatment.ObjectivesTo describe reporting of an experience of race-based hate but not an experience of race-based unfair treatment among Asians in California and explore the association between this reporting discordance with (1) serious psychological distress, (2) forgoing needed medical care, (3) increased household interpersonal conflict, and (4) feeling unsafe in their neighborhood.MethodsWe used the 2020 California Health Interview Survey's AANHPI COVID Module, conducted weighted descriptive and multivariate analyses, and computed adjusted relative risks (RR). The multivariate models controlled for Asian subgroup, age, gender, immigrant status, education level, poverty, and English proficiency.ResultsAmong Asians who reported race-based hate (6.9% overall), 62.4% reported not experiencing race-based unfair treatment. Compared to Asians not reporting a hate incident, this “discordant” group was more likely to experience serious psychological distress (RR = 6.9), forgo necessary medical care (RR = 2.4), increased household interpersonal conflicts (RR = 2.7), and feel unsafe in their neighborhoods (RR = 3.0). The “concordant” group did not post significant effects for severe psychological distress nor forgoing necessary medical care.DiscussionMost Asians reporting hate did not report race-based unfair treatment, and this group is most affected by the consequences of a hate incident. We indicate future directions for research and policy.

The Italian police recorded over 1,100 hate crimes in 2023. 264 were classified as incitement to violence, which was the most common hate crime that occurred in Italy. Further 165 hate crimes were the desecration of graves. The cases recorded were hate crimes having ethnicity, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, anti-Semitism as bias-motivation, as well as bias against Roma and Sinti, and people with disabilities. Targeted groups of hate crimes   Most of the known hate crimes were related to racism and xenophobia. In 2020, more than 800 reports concerned this bias. Among these crimes, the most frequent ones were incitement to violence, desecration of graves, physical assaults, and threats. People with disabilities were the second most targeted group. Opinion on measures against this growing hate   In the last years, the number of hates crimes in Italy rose. However, in a survey conducted in 2019, most of the Italians believed that the measures adopted against discrimination were effective. In October 2019, the Italian Senate voted in favor of the establishment of a special committee to combat racial hate. A survey about this Extraordinary Commission show that a large part of Italian interviewees was in favor of its establishment. The Commission was proposed by the Senator Liliana Segre, Holocaust survivor. In fact, the committee was also named “Segre Commission”.

There were 20,944 incidences of racist hate crime reported by the London Metropolitan Police in the 2023/24 reporting year, by far the most of any police force area in England and Wales. In the same time period, there were 7,466 racist incidents reported in the West Midlands.

The chart shows the grounds of hatred reported for reviewed posts, based on data reported by social media platforms participating in the European Commission's Code of conduct. Sexual orientation and xenophobia were the most common grounds for hatred, while religion, race and national origin were the least common grounds for hatred.

In 2023/24, the majority of hate crimes reported by the police in England and Wales were racial hate crimes, with 98,799 of these offences in this reporting year. There were a further 22,839 hate crimes committed against a person due to their sexual orientation, the second-most reported category of hate crime.

The number of hate crimes motivated by race or ethnicity reported to the police in Canada in 2021 amounted to *****. That year, there were *** reported hate crimes against Black residents. East or Southeast Asians were the second most targeted groups, with *** cases reported to the Canadian police in 2021.

In 2023/24 there were 27,454 hate crimes reported by the Metropolitan Police in London, the most of any police force in England and Wales. The police force areas with the second, and third-highest number of hate crimes were Greater Manchester Police, and West Midlands Police, at 10,081 and 9,329 crimes respectively.

The number of hate crimes motivated by race or ethnicity reported to police in Canada increased by 126 incidents in 2023 in comparison to the previous year. With 2,128 incidents, the number thereby reached its highest value in the observed period.

Anti-Jewish attacks were the most common form of anti-religious group hate crimes in the United States in 2023, with ***** cases. Anti-Islamic hate crimes were the second most common anti-religious hate crimes in that year, with *** incidents.