The National Stock Exchange of India cemented its place as the largest derivatives exchange in the world in 2023. Mumbai-based NSE traded nearly ** billion derivatives contracts in 2023, followed by the Brazilian exchange, B3, with *** billion contracts. What is a derivative? A derivative is a financial instrument that is based on an underlying asset, such as an equity, commodity, or currency. It can be traded over-the-counter or on an exchange. The most common types of derivatives are futures, options, forwards and swaps. How large is the derivative market? There are billions of derivatives traded globally every year. The largest markets for derivatives trading are Asia Pacific and North America. Currency options and futures alone contribute hundreds of millions of dollars in volume to the largest exchanges. Much of this volume is due to large corporations trying to hedge risk. For example, an international corporation may invest in a currency derivative to ensure that it can buy a particular currency at or below a certain price at some point in the future, protecting against an unfavorable shift in the exchange rate.

In 2023, 3-Month SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) futures had the highest trading volume of all exchange-traded interest rate derivatives in 2023, with 809 million contracts traded on the CME. 10-year Treasury Notes futures followed, with 498 million contracts traded on the same exchange.

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of almost ** trillion U.S. dollars as of June 2025. The following three exchanges were the NASDAQ, PINK Exchange, and the Frankfurt Exchange. What is a stock exchange? A stock exchange is a marketplace where stockbrokers, traders, buyers, and sellers can trade in equities products. The largest exchanges have thousands of listed companies. These companies sell shares of their business, giving the general public the opportunity to invest in them. The oldest stock exchange worldwide is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, founded in the late sixteenth century. Other functions of a stock exchange Since these are publicly traded companies, every firm listed on a stock exchange has had an initial public offering (IPO). The largest IPOs can raise billions of dollars in equity for the firm involved. Related to stock exchanges are derivatives exchanges, where stock options, futures contracts, and other derivatives can be traded.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the Global Diketene Derivatives market Size will be USD XX Billion in 2023 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Billion by the end of 2031 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2031.

Based on type, the Arylamides segment dominates the Diketene Derivatives market. Based on type in the Diketene Derivatives market it can divided into, alkylamides, dihydroacetic acid (DHS), and salt.
Based on Application, the Agrochemicals segment dominates the Diketene Derivatives market. Based on Application in the Diketene Derivatives market it can divided into agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, and pigments and dyes.
The Asia Pacific region has the highest market share in the Global Diketene Derivatives Market. 
Over the course, North America will register the highthigh in the Diketene Derivatives market.

CURRENT SCENARIO OF THE DIKETENE DERIVATIVES MARKET

Key factors driving the Diketene Derivatives market

Growing Demand for Diketene Derivatives from Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industries 

The pharmaceutical industry has witnessed significant growth across geographies.

For instance, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals exports constitute 5.71 per cent of the total exports from India. India ranks 3rd worldwide for the production of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals by volume exporting to around 200 countries/territories with the top 5 destinations being the USA, Belgium, South Africa, UK, and Brazil. (Source; https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1932026)

Furthermore, economic growth in emerging countries is also supporting the growth of the pharma industry. Diketene derivatives are majorly consumed in the pharmaceutical industry in India. Thus, growth of the pharmaceutical industry and the increasing number of API units in India are collectively expected to boost the demand for diketene derivatives, and, as such, drive its market growth.

The pharmaceutical industry has grown significantly in recent years across the globe. Sales in the market are expected to increase with extensive use of diketene and its derivatives in the production of pharmaceuticals and medicines.

Thus, growth in the pharmaceutical sector and an increase in the number of API units in China, India, and other countries are expected to drive demand for diketene. Further, nutraceutical products provide health benefits such as treatment or prevention while adding nutritional value.

For instance, in September 2022, CuraTeQ Biologics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Aurobindo Pharma, invested approximately INR 300 (USD 3.82) crore in the capacity expansion of biologics manufacturing facilities. In addition, the company received approval to enter contract manufacturing operations for biologicals.

(Source; https://www.indiainfoline.com/news/markets/aurobindo-pharmas-subsidiary-to-invest-over-rs300-crore-in-expanding-biologics-manufacturing-facility)

Such investments in improving biologic manufacturing and rising biologic approvals are anticipated to increase its adoption, which in turn is expected to increase the demand for APIs for developing drugs globally.

Further, increased health awareness and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle are attributed to the rising demand for nutraceuticals. Diketene derivatives are used in the production of nutraceuticals such as vitamins.

As a result, rising demand for nutraceuticals is expected to drive growth in the global diketene market in the coming years.

Increasing Demand for Diketene Derivatives from the Pigments and Dyes Industry is one of the key factors driving the global Diketene Derivatives market growth.

Diketene derivatives are extensively used in the production of organic pigments such as diarylide and arylide yellow. Therefore, growth of the pigment industry is expected to create significant demand for diketene derivatives, as such, driving the growth of the global diketene derivatives market.

Pigments and dyes are used to add color to paints and are an important part of the paints and coatings industry. According to the studies, the global paint and coatings industry has witnessed rapid growth in recent years.

According to the American Coatings Association China represents US$ 44.5 Billion which is approximately 28% of the global paints and coatings industry. The largest part of the coatings production in China is from architectural coatings

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Flaxseed Derivative Market Outlook

The global flaxseed derivative market is projected to witness significant expansion, with a market size estimated at USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and expected to reach approximately USD 2.4 billion by 2032. This growth is underpinned by a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.1% during the forecast period. The market's expansion can be attributed to increasing consumer awareness regarding the health benefits of flaxseed derivatives, a rising trend towards plant-based diets, and the growing demand for natural and organic ingredients across various industries. These factors combined have catapulted the market towards a trajectory of sustained growth.

One of the primary growth drivers of the flaxseed derivative market is the surging consumer awareness of the health benefits associated with flaxseeds. Known for their high omega-3 fatty acid content, lignans, and fiber, flaxseed derivatives such as flaxseed oil, meal, and protein are increasingly being incorporated into dietary regimes aiming at reducing cholesterol levels, improving heart health, and enhancing digestion. The trend towards healthier and functional foods is compelling consumers, particularly in developed economies, to incorporate these derivatives into their diets, thus bolstering market growth. Additionally, the rise in lifestyle-related ailments and the public's inclination towards preventive healthcare are further propelling the demand for flaxseed derivatives.

Moreover, the burgeoning trend of plant-based diets is another significant contributor to the market's growth. With an increasing number of consumers opting for plant-based alternatives, flaxseed derivatives, which align well with vegan and vegetarian dietary requirements, are gaining traction. These derivatives serve as excellent plant-based sources of nutrients, particularly proteins and healthy fats, making them appealing to a wide consumer base. This shift towards plant-based consumption, driven by ethical concerns, environmental sustainability, and health consciousness, is anticipated to further augment the demand for flaxseed derivatives in the coming years.

The expanding application of flaxseed derivatives across diverse industries like food and beverages, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics is also a key growth factor. In the food and beverage sector, these derivatives are being used to enhance nutritional profiles and serve as functional ingredients in a variety of products. In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, flaxseed oil is valued for its anti-inflammatory and skin health properties. Such versatile applications are stimulating the demand for flaxseed derivatives, thereby driving market growth.

The increasing popularity of Flax Products has significantly contributed to the growth of the flaxseed derivative market. As consumers become more health-conscious, they are turning to flax products for their rich nutritional profile, which includes high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, and dietary fiber. These products are not only beneficial for heart health and digestion but also support overall wellness, making them a staple in many health-focused diets. The versatility of flax products allows them to be incorporated into a variety of foods, from baked goods to smoothies, thus broadening their appeal across different consumer segments. This growing demand for flax products is expected to continue driving the market forward, as more people seek natural and functional food options.

Regionally, North America is expected to maintain a significant share of the market, owing to high consumer awareness and the well-established health and wellness industry. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is projected to exhibit the highest growth rate, driven by rising health consciousness, the expanding food and beverage industry, and increasing disposable income. Europe follows closely, with a growing demand for natural and organic products. Each region presents unique growth opportunities, driven by distinct consumer preferences and industry trends.

Product Type Analysis

The flaxseed derivative market is segmented by product type into flaxseed oil, flaxseed meal, flaxseed protein, and others. Flaxseed oil holds a significant market share due to its high nutritional value and wide range of applications. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and is used extensively in dietary supplements, functional foods, and cosmetics due to its health benefits, including heart health and anti-inflamm

The first imidazolyl “upper-rim” derivatives of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phoshaadamantane (PTA), namely, 1-methylimidazolyl-(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-6-yl)methanol (2, PTA-CH(1-MeIm)OH) and bis(1-methylimidazolyl)(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-6-yl)methanol (3, PTA-C(1-MeIm)2OH), were synthesized in fair yields by reaction of PTA-Li with 1-methyl-2-imidazole carboxyaldehyde and bis(N-methylimidazole-2-yl) ketone, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibit higher water solubility than most upper-rim derivatives of PTA. The two ligands reacted cleanly with [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2]2 in refluxing CHCl3 to form κ2-P,N-[(η6-p-cymene)Ru{PTA-CH(1-MeIm)OH}Cl]Cl (8) and κ2-P,N-[(η6-p-cymene)Ru{PTA-C(1-MeIm)2OH}Cl]Cl (9). Ligands phenyl(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-6-yl)methanol (PZA) and 4′-dimethylaminophenyl(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-6-yl)methanol (PZA-NMe2) were also used to coordinate to Ru, and the corresponding κ1-P-(η6-p-cymene)Ru(PZA)Cl2 and κ1-P-(η6-p-cymene)Ru(PZA-NMe2)Cl2 were isolated and characterized. The ability of the ligands to coordinate in κ1-P vs κ2-P,E (E = O, N) modes was established by NMR experiments and complemented by DFT calculations. The X-ray crystal structure of the iodide analogue of 7 was obtained. Complexes 6–9 were tested as catalysts for acetophenone reduction using different hydrogen sources under mild conditions, and preliminary results are here described.

In the field of environment and health studies, recent trends have focused on the identification of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). This is a complex, challenging task, as compound databases (DBs) and mass spectral libraries (MSLs) concerning these compounds are very poor. This is particularly true for semi-polar organic contaminants that have to be derivatized prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with electron impact ionization (EI), for which it is barely possible to find any records. In particular, there is a severe lack of datasets of GC-EI-MS spectra generated and made publicly available for the purpose of development, validation and performance evaluation of cheminformatics-assisted compound structure identification (CSI) approaches, including novel cutting-edge machine learning (ML) approaches. In order to fill in this gap, we have generated 12 datasets of GC-EI-MS spectra of trimethylsilyl (TMS) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatives, which can be used to support machine learning-assisted CSI and to aid in cheminformatics-assisted identification of silylated derivatives in GC-MS laboratories working in the field of environment and health. The dataset includes: - Four test datasets of raw (RAW) and processed (BS) GC-EI-MS spectra of TMS and TBDMS derivatives of CECs, given as .txt, .mgf and .msp files; - Two sets of corresponding metadata (for TMS and TBDMS derivatives), which contain the IUPAC name, exact mass, molecular formula, InChI, InChIKey, SMILES and PubChemID of each CEC and the corresponding CEC-TMS or CEC-TBDMS derivative, where available; - Metadata for four datasets of GC-EI-MS spectra of TMS derivatives derived from the NIST 17 Mass Spectral Library, including an initial dataset selected from the library and three datasets generated by applying consecutive filtering approaches. These metadata files contain common name, InChIKey, molecular formula, CAS number, exact mass, molecular weight, NIST number and ID of the GC-EI-MS spectra. TMS derivatives_0.1 refers to the original dataset derived from the NIST 17 Mass Spectral Library, TMS derivatives_1.1 to the dataset resulting after a first filtering step, TMS derivatives_2.1 after second and TMS derivatives_3.1 after third and final filtering step; and - Metadata for four datasets of GC-EI-MS spectra of TBDMS derivatives derived from the NIST 17 Mass Spectral Library, including an initial dataset selected from the library and three datasets generated by applying three consecutive filtering steps. These metadata files contain the name, InChIKey, molecular formula, CAS number, exact mass, molecular weight, the NIST number and the ID of the GC-EI-MS spectra. TBDMS derivatives_0.1 refers to the original dataset derived from the NIST 17 Mass Spectral Library, TBDMS derivative_1.1 to the dataset resulting after a first filtering step, TBDMS derivative_2.1 after second and TBDMS_3.1 after third and final filtering step.

In the present paper, a facile and efficient synthetic procedure has been applied to obtain dihydrodipyrrolo[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylates (5a–s), which have subsequently gone through the cyclization in the presence of hydrazine hydrate to afford 12-aryl-11-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2″,1″:3′,4′]pyrazino[1′,2′:1,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine-8(9H)-ones (7a–q). The molecular structures of these novel compounds were extensively examined through the analysis of spectroscopic data in combination with X-ray crystallography techniques. Following that, the in vitro cytotoxic activities of all derivatives against three human cancer cell lines (Panc-1, PC3, and MDA-MB-231) were comprehensively evaluated alongside the assessment on normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells using the MTT assay. Among the compounds, the 3-nitrophenyl derivative (7m) from the second series showed the best antiproliferative activity against all tested cell lines, particularly against Panc-1 cell line, (IC50 = 12.54 μM), being nearly twice as potent as the standard drug etoposide. The induction of apoptosis and sub-G1 cell cycle arrest in Panc-1 cancer cells by compound 7m was confirmed through further assessment. Moreover, the inhibition of kinases and the induction of cellular apoptosis by compound 7m in Panc-1 cancer cells were validated using the Western blotting assay.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In 2018, there were an estimated 1.8 million cases, and this number is expected to increase to 2.2 million by 2030. Despite its prevalence, the current therapeutic option has a lot of side effects and limitations. Therefore, this study was designed to employ a computational approach for the identification of anti-cancer inhibitors against colorectal cancer using Resveratrol derivatives. Initially, the pass prediction spectrum of 50 derivatives was conducted and selected top seven compounds based on the maximum pass prediction score. After that, a comprehensive analysis, including Lipinski Rule, pharmacokinetics, ADMET profile study, molecular orbitals analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, and MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations. The reported binding affinity ranges of Resveratrol derivatives from molecular docking were -6.1 kcal/mol to -7.9 kcal/mol against the targeted receptor of human armadillo repeats domain of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) (PDB ID: 3NMW). Specifically, our findings reported that two compounds [(03) Resveratrol 3-beta-mono-D-glucoside, and (29) Resveratrol 3-Glucoside] displayed the highest level of effectiveness compared to all other derivatives (-7.7 kcal/mol and -7.9 kcal/mol), and favorable drug-likeness, and exceptional safety profiles. Importantly, almost all the molecules were reported as free from toxic effects. Subsequently, molecular dynamic simulations conducted over 100ns confirmed the stability of the top two ligand-protein complexes. These findings suggest that Resveratrol derivatives may be effective drug candidate to manage the colorectal cancer. However, further experimental research, such as in vitro/in vivo studies, is essential to validate these computational findings and confirm their practical value.

A palladium-catalyzed three-component domino reaction to access indene derivatives is reported. This reaction proceeds via the sequential formation of three bonds: the first two resulting from inter- and intramolecular carbopalladation and the final bond arising from an attack by a terminating nucleophilic reagent. Modifying the starting tether on the iodoarene led to either indenes or benzofulvenes. Three termination variations were compatible with this sequence, which furnished products in moderate to good yields. The oxabicycle used in this work acts as an acetylene surrogate, which is revealed in a postcatalytic retro-Diels–Alder step. A diastereomerically enriched mixture of oxabicyclic derivatives allowed for preliminary results for the enantioselective synthesis of indenes.

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A series of novel emissive Ir(III) complexes having the coordination environments of [Ir(N∧N∧N)2]3+, [Ir(N∧N∧N)(N∧N)Cl]2+, and [Ir(N∧N∧N)(N∧C∧N)]2+ with 2,6-bis(1-methyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L1, N∧N∧N), 1,3-bis(1-methyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (L2H, N∧C∧N), 4‘-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine (ttpy, N∧N∧N), and 2,2‘-bipyridine (bpy, N∧N) have been synthesized and their photophysical and electrochemical properties studied. The Ir(III) complexes exhibited phosphorescent emissions in the 500−600 nm region, with lifetimes ranging from approximately 1−10 μs at 295 K. Analysis of the 0−0 energies and the redox potentials indicated that the lowest excited state of [Ir(L1)(L2)]2+ possessed the highest contribution of 3MLCT (MLCT = metal-to-ligand charge transfer) among the Ir(III) complexes, reflecting the σ-donating ability of the tridentate ligand, ttpy < L1 < L2. The emission quantum yields (Φ) of the Ir(III) complexes ranged from 0.037 to 0.19, and the highest Φ value (0.19) was obtained for [Ir(L1)(bpy)Cl]2+. Radiative rate constants (kr) were 1.2 × 104 s-1 for [Ir(ttpy)2]3+, 3.7 × 104 s-1 for [Ir(L1)(bpy)Cl]2+, 3.8 × 104 s-1 for [Ir(ttpy)(bpy)Cl]2+, 3.9 × 104 s-1 for [Ir(L1)2]3+, and 6.6 × 104 s-1 for [Ir(L1)(L2)]2+. The highest radiative rate for [Ir(L1)(L2)]2+ with the highest contribution of 3MLCT could be explained in terms of the singlet−triplet mixing induced by spin−orbit coupling of 5d electrons in the MLCT electronic configurations.

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A new matrix framework is presented in this study for the improved ionization efficiency of complex mixtures by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry/imaging. Five nitro indole (NI) derivatives [3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-indole (3,4-MNI), 3-methyl-6-nitro-1H-indole (3,6-MNI), 2,3-dimethyl-4-nitro-1H-indole (2,3,4-DMNI), 2,3-dimethyl-6-nitro-1H-indole (2,3,6-DMNI), and 4-nitro-1H-indole (4-NI)] were synthesized and shown to produce both positive and negative ions with a broad class of analytes as MALDI matrices. NI matrices were compared to several common matrices, such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), alpha-cyano-4-hydroxylcinnamic acid (CHCA), sinapinic acid (SA), 1,5-diaminonaphthelene (1,5-DAN), and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), for the analysis of lipid, peptide, protein, glycan, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) compounds. 3,4-MNI demonstrated the best performance among the NI matrices. This matrix resulted in reduced ion suppression and better detection sensitivity for complex mixtures, for example, egg lipids/milk proteins/PFOS in tap water, while 2,3,6-DMNI was the best matrix for blueberry tissue imaging. Several important aspects of this work are reported: (1) dual-polarity ion production with NI matrices and complex mixtures; (2) quantitative analysis of PFOS with a LOQ of 0.5 ppb in tap water and 0.05 ppb in MQ water (without solid phase extraction enrichment), with accuracy and precision within 5%; (3) MALDI imaging with 2,3,6-DMNI as a matrix for plant metabolite/lipid identification with ionization enhancement in the negative ion mode m/z 600–900 region; and (4) development of a thin film deposition under/above tissue method for MALDI imaging with a vacuum sublimation matrix on a high-vacuum MALDI instrument.

This dataset contains the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Africa from the Hydrologic Derivatives for Modeling and Analysis (HDMA) database. The DEM data were developed and distributed by processing units. There are 19 processing units for Africa. The distribution files have the number of the processing unit appended to the end of the zip file name (e.g. af_dem_3_2.zip contains the DEM data for unit 3-2). The HDMA database provides comprehensive and consistent global coverage of raster and vector topographically derived layers, including raster layers of digital elevation model (DEM) data, flow direction, flow accumulation, slope, and compound topographic index (CTI); and vector layers of streams and catchment boundaries. The coverage of the data is global (-180º, 180º, -90º, 90º) with the underlying DEM being a hybrid of three datasets: HydroSHEDS (Hydrological data and maps based on SHuttle Elevation Derivatives at multiple Scales), Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). For most of the globe south of 60º North, the raster resolution of the data is 3-arc-seconds, corresponding to the resolution of the SRTM. For the areas North of 60º, the resolution is 7.5-arc-seconds (the smallest resolution of the GMTED2010 dataset) except for Greenland, where the resolution is 30-arc-seconds. The streams and catchments are attributed with Pfafstetter codes, based on a hierarchical numbering system, that carry important topological information.

Curvature was calculated from the bathymetry surface for each raster cell using the ArcGIS 3D Analyst "Curvature" Tool. Curvature describes the rate of change of curvature (in 1/100 z units) within a square 3x3 cell window. A negative value denotes concavity, while a positive value denotes convexity. The 2x2 meter resolution curvature GeoTIFF was exported and added as a new map layer to aid in benthic habitat classification. Please see ESRI's online support center for more information about Curvature. Acoustic imagery was acquired for the VICRNM on two separate missions onboard the NOAA ship, Nancy Foster. The first mission took place from 2/18/04 to 3/5/04. The second mission took place from 2/1/05 to 2/12/05. On both missions, seafloor depths between 14 to 55 m were mapped using a RESON SeaBat 8101 ER (240 kHz) MBES sensor. This pole-mounted system measured water depths across a 150 degree swath consisting of 101 individual 1.5 degree x 1.5 degree beams. The beams to the port and starboard of nadir (i.e., directly underneath the ship) overlapped adjacent survey lines by approximately 10 m. The vessel survey speed was between 5 and 8 kn. In 2004, the ship's location was determined by a Trimble DSM 132 DGPS system, which provided a RTCM differential data stream from the U.S. Coast Guard Continually Operating Reference Station (CORS) at Port Isabel, Puerto Rico. Gyro, heave, pitch and roll correctors were acquired using an Ixsea Octans gyrocompass. In 2005, the ship's positioning and orientation were determined by the Applanix POS/MV 320 V4, which is a GPS aided Inertial Motion Unit (IMU) providing measurements of roll, pitch and heading. The POS/MV obtained its positions from two dual frequency Trimble Zephyr GPS antennae. An auxiliary Trimble DSM 132 DGPS system provided a RTCM differential data stream from the U.S. Coast Guard CORS at Port Isabel, Puerto Rico. For both years, CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) measurements were taken approximately every 4 hours using a Seabird Electronics SBE-19 to correct for the changing sound velocities in the water column. In 2004, raw data were logged in .xtf (extended triton format) using Triton ISIS software 6.2. In 2005, raw data were logged in .gsf (generic sensor format) using SAIC ISS 2000 software. Data from 2004 were referenced to the WGS84 UTM 20 N horizontal coordinate system, and data from 2005 were referenced to the NAD83 UTM 20 N horizontal coordinate system. Data from both projects were referenced to the Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) vertical tidal coordinate system. The 2004 and 2005 MBES bathymetric data were both corrected for sensor offsets, latency, roll, pitch, yaw, static draft, the changing speed of sound in the water column and the influence of tides in CARIS Hips & Sips 5.3 and 5.4, respectively. The 2004 data was then binned to create a 1 x 1 m raster surface, and the 2005 data was binned to a create 2 x 2 m raster surface. After these final surfaces were created, the datum for the 2004 bathymetric surfaces was transformed from WGS84 to NAD83 using the "Project Raster" function in ArcGIS 9.1. The 2004 surface was transformed so that it would have the same datum as the 2005 surface. The 2004 bathymetric surface was then down sampled from 1 x 1 to 2 x 2 m using the "Resample" function in ArcGIS 9.1. The 2004 surface was resampled so it would have the same spatial resolution as the 2005 surface. Having the same coordinate systems and spatial resolutions, the final 2004 and 2005 bathymetry rasters were then merged using the Raster Calculator function "Merge" in ArcGIS's Spatial Analyst Extension to create a seamless bathymetry surface for the entire VICRNM area south of St. John. For a complete description of the data acquisition and processing parameters, please see the data acquisition and processing reports (DAPRs) for projects: NF-04-06-VI and NF-05-05-VI (Monaco & Rooney, 2004; Battista & Lazar, 2005).

Benzimidazol-2-yl-alkylamine derivative showed the highest antifungal activity and best compatibility with human cells against a number of different yeasts and clinical isolates. The statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences between the treated C. albicans SC5314 culture and the untreated reference culture. Several genes had changed transcript levels in response to antifungal derivatives. 3 biological replicates were performed in total. All experiments were performed as dye swaps, for a total of 6 hybridized arrays. Hybridization experiments included an untreated reference sample and a sample of cells treated with ((1S)-1-[1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropyl-amine) (EMC120B12). The array included one technical replicate of each probe.

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Malaysia Turnover: Futures: 3 Month KLIBOR data was reported at 0.000 Contract in Nov 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 Contract for Oct 2018. Malaysia Turnover: Futures: 3 Month KLIBOR data is updated monthly, averaging 4,510.000 Contract from Jan 2004 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 179 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43,887.000 Contract in Apr 2006 and a record low of 0.000 Contract in Nov 2018. Malaysia Turnover: Futures: 3 Month KLIBOR data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bursa Malaysia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.Z012: Bursa Malaysia: Derivatives: Turnover and Open Interest.