The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) is the home (archive) of Precipitation, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics, and information, as well as data and information from other related disciplines.

The National Space Science Data Center serves as the permanent archive for NASA space science mission data. 'Space science' means astronomy and astrophysics, solar and space plasma physics, and planetary and lunar science. As permanent archive, NSSDC teams with NASA's discipline-specific space science 'active archives' which provide access to data to researchers and, in some cases, to the general public. Search by event, spacecraft, experiment, map, or publication query. NSSDC is part of the Solar System Exploration Data Services Office (SSEDSO) in the Solar System Exploration Division at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD.

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.

This data set consists of a sampling of each type of Hierarchical Data Format version 4 (HDF4) data that are archived at the eight National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Data Centers (ESDCs). The data were sampled for a collaborative study between The HDF Group, the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC), and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in order to assess the complex internal byte layout of HDF files. Based on the results of this assessment, methods for producing a map of the layout of the HDF4 files held by NASA were prototyped using a markup-language-based HDF tool. The resulting maps allow a separate program to read the file without recourse to the HDF application programming interface (API). Data products selected for the study, and a table summarizing the results, are available via HTTPS.

:A “Digital Divide” in data representation exists between the preferred way of data access by the hydrology community (i.e., as time series of discrete spatial objects) and the common way of data archival by NASA earth science data centers (i.e., as continuous spatial fields, one file per time step). This Divide has been an obstacle between hydrology data users (e.g., CUAHSI HIS, HydroShare) and the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). The GES DISC (one of 12 NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) data centers) processes, archives, documents, and distributes data from Earth science missions and related projects, including hydrologic land surface data. The latter are part of the GES DISC Water & Energy Cycle data holdings. Of the many related data services available to users, the NASA Giovanni (Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure) is the best known and most used (cited in more than 2000 peer-reviewed research publications). Giovanni provides a relatively simple way for researchers to conduct exploratory investigations with a variety of NASA Earth observation data and related data sets. Among Giovanni’s suite of plotting options, the time series is probably of the most interest to hydrology data users (and is the second most popular among users in general). However, for optimal access to GES DISC data along the time dimension, the data as archived must be reorganize to some way that is optimal for that mode of access. Given the importance of bridging the Digital Divide, the GES DISC has (1) developed “Data Rods,” a set of REST endpoints for long time series; (2) improved the performance of Giovanni’s time series plotting option; and (3) assisted the University of Texas-Austin in developing and supporting the Data Rods Explorer (DRE), a HydroShare app that combines data from the first two sources. As part of NASA data centers’ overall transitioning to the cloud, the GES DISC has been investigating “Giovanni in the cloud.” Though still under development, the prototype Giovanni Cloud-Optimized Data Store (CODS) has already demonstrated a significant performance increase in time series capabilities—5-10 times faster than the current Data Rods endpoints. The GES DISC aims to continually explore and implement appropriate technologies to improve its data services, in response to user needs of the hydrology community.

The Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is a major core capability within NASA''s Earth Science Data Systems Program. EOSDIS ingests, processes, archives and distributes data from a large number of Earth observing satellites. EOSDIS consists of a set of processing facilities and Earth Science Data Centers distributed across the United States and serves hundreds of thousands of users around the world, providing hundreds of millions of data files each year covering many Earth science disciplines. In order to serve the needs of a broad and diverse community of users, NASA''s Earth Science Data Systems Program is comprised of both Core and Community data system elements. Core data system elements reflect NASA''s responsibility for managing Earth science satellite mission data characterized by the continuity of research, access, and usability. The core comprises all the hardware, software, physical infrastructure, and intellectual capital NASA recognizes as necessary for performing its tasks in Earth science data system management. Community data system elements are those pieces or capabilities developed and deployed largely outside of NASA core elements and are characterized by their evolvability and innovation. Successful applicable elements can be infused into the core, thereby creating a vibrant and flexible, continuously evolving infrastructure. NASA''s Earth Science program was established to use the advanced technology of NASA to understand and protect our home planet by using our view from space to study the Earth system and improve prediction of Earth system change. To meet this challenge, NASA promotes the full and open sharing of all data with the research and applications communities, private industry, academia, and the general public. NASA was the first agency in the US, and the first space agency in the world, to couple policy and adequate system functionality to provide full and open access in a timely manner - that is, with no period of exclusive access to mission scientists - and at no cost. NASA made this decision after listening to the user community, and with the background of the then newly-formed US Global Change Research Program, and the International Earth Observing System partnerships. Other US agencies and international space agencies have since adopted similar open-access policies and practices. Since the adoption of the Earth Science Data Policy adoption in 1991, NASA''s Earth Science Division has developed policy implementation, practices, and nomenclature that mission science teams use to comply with policy tenets. Data System Standards NASA''s Earth Science Data Systems Groups anticipate that effective adoption of standards will play an increasingly vital role in the success of future science data systems. The Earth Science Data Systems Standards Process Group (SPG), a board composed of Earth Science Data Systems stakeholders, directs the process for both identification of appropriate standards and subsequent adoption for use by the Earth Science Data Systems stakeholders.

The Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) supports the space geodesy and geodynamics community through NASA's Space Geodesy Project as well as NASA's Earth Science Enterprise. The CDDIS was established in 1982 at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center as a dedicated data bank to archive and distribute space geodesy related data sets. Today, the CDDIS archives and distributes mainly Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS, currently Global Positioning System GPS and GLObal NAvigation Satellite System GLONASS), laser ranging (both to artificial satellites, SLR, and lunar, LLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Doppler Orbitography and Radio-positioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) data for an ever increasing user community of geophysicists. The CDDIS serves as a global data center for the International GNSS Service (IGS) since 1992, the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS), the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS), International DORIS Service (IDS), and the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). General information, including summary reports, data set documentation, etc., are available through the CDDIS archive.

This project is funded by the NASA ROSES ACCESS Program to develop a NASA LiDAR Access System (NLAS) to serve laser altimetry data from the NASA space-based ICESat system and the airborne LVIS platform through the OpenTopography system. The goal of the project is to provide integrated access to existing NASA LiDAR data products, as well as on-demand processing capability, and enhanced QA/QC metrics to make these data more easily accessible and usable to a range of scientists. New web services will connect the NASA data archives at Goddard Space Flight Center (LVIS) and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (ICESat) to the OpenTopography portal and the data and processing capabilities available there. Integration of these distributed data archives via an easy to use web portal will enhance exposure of these data and significantly streamline user access.

NCEI Accession 0157461 includes Surface underway, chemical, discrete sample, meteorological, physical and profile data collected from PELICAN in the Coastal Waters of Louisiana, Coastal Waters of Texas and Gulf of Mexico from 2013-09-09 to 2013-09-22. These data include BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, CONDUCTIVITY, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC), Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY, TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA), WATER TEMPERATURE and pH. The instruments used to collect these data include Alkalinity titrator, CTD, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) analyzer, Shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, bottle and pH sensors.

These data were collected by Antonio Mannino of US NASA; Goddard Space Flight Center and Dr. Joseph Salisbury and Christopher Hunt of University of New Hampshire as part of the Coastal_GOMEX2013_BOT and Coastal_GOMEX2013_UW data set. CDIAC associated the following cruise ID(s) with this data set: 32PE20130909 and GOMEX2013

The Global Coastal Carbon Data Project data includes the bottle (discrete) and surface (underway) carbon-related measurements from coastal research cruises, the data from time series cruises and coastal moorings. The coastal regions data are very important for the understanding of carbon cycle on the continental margins.

The GCMD database holds more than 30,000 descriptions of Earth science data sets and services covering all aspects of Earth and environmental sciences. The mission of the GCMD is to (1) Assist the scientific community in the discovery of Earth science data, related services, and ancillary information (platforms, instruments, projects, data centers/service providers); and (2) Provide discovery/collection-level metadata of Earth science resources and provide scientists a comprehensive and high quality database to reduce overall expenditures for scientific data collection and dissemination.

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis is produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) by interpolating and extrapolating SST observations from different sources, resulting in a smoothed complete field. The sources of data are satellite (AVHRR) and in situ platforms (i.e., ships, buoys, and Argo floats above 5m depth), and the specific datasets employed may change over time. In the regions with sea-ice concentration higher than 30%, freezing points of seawater are used to generate proxy SSTs. A preliminary version of this file is produced in near-real time (1-day latency), and then replaced with a final version after 2 weeks. The v2.1 is updated from the AVHRR_OI-NCEI-L4-GLOB-v2.0 data. Major improvements include: 1) In-Situ ship and buoy data changed from the NCEP Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TAC) to the NCEI merged TAC + Binary Universal Form for the Representation (BUFR) data, with large increase of buoy data included to correct satellite SST biases; 2) Addition of Argo float observed SST data as well, for further correction of satellite SST biases; 3) Satellite input from the METOP-A and NOAA-19 to METOP-A and METOP-B, removing degraded satellite data; 4) Revised ship-buoy SST corrections for improved accuracy; and 5) Revised sea-ice-concentration to SST conversion to remove warm biases in the Arctic region (Banzon et al. 2020). These updates only apply to granules after Jan. 1st, 2016. The data pre 2016 are still the same as v2.0 except for metadata upgrades.

The accession contains Bathythermograph (XBT and Aerial XBT) data collected as part of Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) / North Atlantic Bloom Survey (NABS)in North Atlantic Ocean. The data was collected by Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), and San Diego State University.

NASA-P3 AXBT data (depth in meters and temperature in degrees celsius) was collected during the JGOFS/ North Atlantic Spring Bloom experiment. There are ten flights total, with header information included in the first record of each flight. This data was submitted in ASCII format on a 3-1/2" diskette. This data has been processed and is available in C118 Bathythermograph XBT Aircraft file format of NODC. Principal Investigator was Dr. Frank Hoge of NASA, Wallops Island. Five diskettes of bio-optical and AXBT data [legs 4 & 5]

Bio-optical profiler data (up and downwelling of spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral radiance), ctd, and chlorophyll fluorescence data collected during leg-2, cruise 119 of the 1989 JGOFS/NABE (North American Spring Bloom experiment) cruise of the ATLANTIS II. The original data is on a 3 1/2" diskette in the form of 44-column comma-delimited ASCII files; There are 15 stations (files) total. Principal investigator was W. Joseph Rhea of Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.

3100 bio-optical profiler data (smoothed irradiance and radiance data), temperature, and chlorophyll-a flourescence data collected during cruise 119, leg 5, of the JGOFS/NABE R/V Atlantis cruise. Original data was submitted on 3-1/2" diskette in ASCII format. Principal investigator: Charles C. Trees of San Diego State University

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) using data from the 4 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder Version 5 time series (when available, otherwise operational NOAA AVHRR data are used) and in situ ship and buoy observations. A second similar product is available that also includes Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) data from June 2002 onward. The OI analysis is a daily average SST that is bias adjusted using a spatially smoothed 7-day in situ SST average and is thus tuned to about 0.3 meter. Both day and night satellite fields are independently bias adjusted. More information is available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/sst/oi-daily.php

Multi-functional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) are a series of geostationary weather satellites operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). MTSAT carries an aeronautical mission to assist air navigation, plus a meteorological mission to provide imagery over the Asia-Pacific region for the hemisphere centered on 140 East. The meteorological mission includes an imager giving nominal hourly full Earth disk images in five spectral bands (one visible, four infrared). MTSAT are spin stabilised satellites. With this system images are built up by scanning with a mirror that is tilted in small successive steps from the north pole to south pole at a rate such that on each rotation of the satellite an adjacent strip of the Earth is scanned. It takes about 25 minutes to scan the full Earth's disk. This builds a picture 10,000 pixels for the visible images (1.25 km resolution) and 2,500 pixels (4 km resolution) for the infrared images. The MTSAT-1R (also known as Himawari 6) and it's radiometer (MTSAT-1R Imager) was successfully launched on 26 February 2005. For this Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset, skin sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are calculated from the IR channels of the MTSAT-1R Imager full resolution data in satellite projection on a hourly basis. L2P datasets including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 1.5.

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) using data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder Version 5 time series (when available, otherwise operational NOAA AVHRR data are used), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), and in situ ship and buoy observations. A second similar product is available back to 1981 that includes only in situ and AVHRR Pathfinder data in its analysis. The OI analysis is a daily average SST that is bias adjusted using a spatially smoothed 7-day in situ SST average and is thus tuned to about 0.3 meter. Both day and night satellite fields are independently bias adjusted. More information is available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/sst/oi-daily.php

No description is available. Visit https://dataone.org/datasets/%7B4AB54A70-1CF7-4064-B87C-F012E9846E0D%7D for complete metadata about this dataset.

Cloud computing environments offer opportunities for malicious users to penetrate security layers and damage, destroy or steal data. This ability can be exploited to study and detect how this is done, and build algorithms to better protect cloud computing environments. This project used an autonomous micro-modular mobile data center as a test-platform for an "infrastructure-as-a-service" cloud computing solution at the National Center for Critical Information Processing and Storage (NCCIPS). A Relocatable Adaptive Suspension Equipment Rack (R.A.S.E.R DX), on loan from Elliptical Mobile Solutions, was used as a demonstration project to study trends, activities and vulnerabilities in cloud computing environments.

Cloud computing security penetration testing and anomaly detection defense studies were conducted to assess the adequacy of cloud computing security. Since cloud computing involves data distributed over wide areas and multiple devices being shared by unrelated users, the security challenges become increasingly complex. Additionally, with the advent of cyber warfare as a threat, protecting data from theft or alteration does not in itself neutralize the threat, as the adversary also seeks to disrupt critical infrastructure and services such as penetration into data center server networks, and automated security access control. It has therefore become increasingly important to complement security capabilities with advances in automated intelligence (AI) to recognize the plans of multiple agent threats (software or human) based on the observation of their activities. Therefore, for this project, an autonomous micro-modular mobile data center was used as a test/demonstration platform to study cloud computing security.

[ Derived from parent entry - See data hierarchy tab ]

These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.NASA-GISS.GISS-E2-1-G.1pctCO2' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The GISS-E2.1G climate model, released in 2019, includes the following components: aerosol: Varies with physics-version (p==1 none, p==3 OMA, p==4 TOMAS, p==5 MATRIX), atmos: GISS-E2.1 (2.5x2 degree; 144 x 90 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Varies with physics-version (p==1 Non-interactive, p>1 GPUCCINI), land: GISS LSM, ocean: GISS Ocean (GO1, 1 degree; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: GISS SI. The model was run by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA (NASA-GISS) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 250 km.

Individuals using the data must abide by terms of use for CMIP6 data (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/TermsOfUse). The original license restrictions on these datasets were recorded as global attributes in the data files, but these may have been subsequently updated.

[ Derived from parent entry - See data hierarchy tab ]

These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.NASA-GISS.GISS-E2-1-G.1pctCO2' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The GISS-E2.1G climate model, released in 2019, includes the following components: aerosol: Varies with physics-version (p==1 none, p==3 OMA, p==4 TOMAS, p==5 MATRIX), atmos: GISS-E2.1 (2.5x2 degree; 144 x 90 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Varies with physics-version (p==1 Non-interactive, p>1 GPUCCINI), land: GISS LSM, ocean: GISS Ocean (GO1, 1 degree; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: GISS SI. The model was run by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA (NASA-GISS) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 250 km.

Individuals using the data must abide by terms of use for CMIP6 data (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/TermsOfUse). The original license restrictions on these datasets were recorded as global attributes in the data files, but these may have been subsequently updated.

[ Derived from parent entry - See data hierarchy tab ]

These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.NASA-GISS.GISS-E2-1-G.1pctCO2' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The GISS-E2.1G climate model, released in 2019, includes the following components: aerosol: Varies with physics-version (p==1 none, p==3 OMA, p==4 TOMAS, p==5 MATRIX), atmos: GISS-E2.1 (2.5x2 degree; 144 x 90 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Varies with physics-version (p==1 Non-interactive, p>1 GPUCCINI), land: GISS LSM, ocean: GISS Ocean (GO1, 1 degree; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: GISS SI. The model was run by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA (NASA-GISS) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 250 km.

Individuals using the data must abide by terms of use for CMIP6 data (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/TermsOfUse). The original license restrictions on these datasets were recorded as global attributes in the data files, but these may have been subsequently updated.

[ Derived from parent entry - See data hierarchy tab ]

These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.NASA-GISS.GISS-E2-1-G.1pctCO2' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The GISS-E2.1G climate model, released in 2019, includes the following components: aerosol: Varies with physics-version (p==1 none, p==3 OMA, p==4 TOMAS, p==5 MATRIX), atmos: GISS-E2.1 (2.5x2 degree; 144 x 90 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top level 0.1 hPa), atmosChem: Varies with physics-version (p==1 Non-interactive, p>1 GPUCCINI), land: GISS LSM, ocean: GISS Ocean (GO1, 1 degree; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 40 levels; top grid cell 0-10 m), seaIce: GISS SI. The model was run by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA (NASA-GISS) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 250 km, atmos: 250 km, atmosChem: 250 km, land: 250 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 250 km.

Individuals using the data must abide by terms of use for CMIP6 data (https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/TermsOfUse). The original license restrictions on these datasets were recorded as global attributes in the data files, but these may have been subsequently updated.