Brent fell to 63.05 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.19% from the previous day. Over the past month, Brent's price has fallen 2.84%, and is down 14.36% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Brent crude oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Crude Oil fell to 59.17 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.25% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has fallen 3.08%, and is down 15.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The file "fuels.txt" includes daily data for Brent futures (BrentF) and spot (BrentS) prices obtained from nasdaq.com database and three NASDAQ indices: 1) NASDAQ OMX Bio/Clean Fuels Index (GRNBIO). Source: {https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/Index/Overview/GRNBIO} 2) NASDAQ OMX Fuel Cell Index (GRNFUEL). Source:{https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/Index/Overview/GRNFUEL} 3) NASDAQ OMX Transportation Index (GRNTRN). Source: {https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/Index/Overview/GRNTRN} The file "fundamentals.txt" includes monthly data for the following variables: 1) WIP: world industrial production index collected from:{https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0} 2) COMM: real commodity price factor - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 3) GECON: global economic condition indicator (standardised) - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 4) S.SH: oil supply shock - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 5) OCDSH: oil consumption demand - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 6) OIDSH: oil inventory demand- obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 7) EASH: oil demand shocks driven by global economic activity - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 8) GEPU: global economic policy uncertainty index - , a normalised index of the volume of news articles discussing economic policy uncertainty; due to the nonstationarity of the data, obtained from: {https://www.policyuncertainty.com/global_monthly.html} 9) EXPT: Brent spot prices expectations formulated by the U.S. Energy Information Association; 10) SPX - end-of-month data of S&P500 11) SPECUL1: Net position of Money Managers (long-short) for Brent contract - based on the ICE Futures Europe Commitments of Traders Reports ({www.ice.com/marketdata/reports/122}); 12) SPECUL2: Speculation measure analogous to Working's (1960) index, which measures the speculative activity of non-commercial traders in the crude oil market.

Natural gas rose to 4.94 USD/MMBtu on December 3, 2025, up 2.04% from the previous day. Over the past month, Natural gas's price has risen 13.71%, and is up 62.29% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Palm Oil rose to 4,134 MYR/T on December 2, 2025, up 1.00% from the previous day. Over the past month, Palm Oil's price has risen 0.46%, but it is still 18.56% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Palm Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

This study examines Kuwait’s stock market sectors’ response to the 2020 dual shock of the COVID-19 pandemic and the oil price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia. Traditional cointegration and causality models support the analysis alongside the frequency domain to assess short-run dynamics. The research sample integrates daily data from December 31, 2015, to February 23, 2022. The core research findings indicate that the consumer services, industrials, and basic materials sectors were the most affected by fluctuations in oil prices, highlighting the vulnerability of Kuwait’s oil-dependent economy. Furthermore, the results from the econometric modelling reveal a significant long-run relationship with the West Texas Intermediate index (WTI) and short-run dynamics with the Brent, OPEC and Dubai oil benchmarks. At the global level, monitoring the impact of shocks in commodity-driven economies can help in designing policies that minimise the effects of systemic risks, affecting energy supply chains and inflation stability. This research advances the field by providing a multi-methodological analysis integrating traditional and efficient econometric models to assess sectoral sensitivities in the context of Kuwait, which is an understudied oil-exporting economy. The research findings offer valuable insights for investors and policy-makers in managing risks associated with oil price fluctuations during times of enhanced uncertainty.