Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at **** percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at **** percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to *** percent, the ECB refi rate to **** percent, the Bank of England bank rate to **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to **** percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

The benchmark interest rate in Serbia was last recorded at 5.75 percent. This dataset provides - Serbia Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Poland was last recorded at 4.75 percent. This dataset provides - Poland Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Switzerland was last recorded at 0 percent. This dataset provides - Switzerland Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

NBS Forecast: Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months data was reported at 0.000 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.200 % for 2020. NBS Forecast: Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months data is updated yearly, averaging -0.231 % from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2021, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.200 % in 2014 and a record low of -0.300 % in 2019. NBS Forecast: Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bank of Slovakia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.M004: Euro Interbank Offered Rate: European Banking Federation: Forecast: National Bank of Slovakia.

Key information about Switzerland Long Term Interest Rate

• Switzerland Bond Yield: 10 Years was reported at 0.38 % pa in Jan 2025, compared with 0.32 % pa in the previous month.
• Switzerland Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1988 to Jan 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 6.92 % pa in Jun 1992 and a record low of -0.97 % pa in Aug 2019.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by Swiss National Bank.

• In the latest reports, Switzerland Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: 3 Months was reported at 0.46 % pa in Dec 2024.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Overnight Average Rate: SARON) was set at 0.45 % pa in Dec 2024.
• Switzerland Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.90 (USD/CHF) in Jun 2023.

The benchmark interest rate in Czech Republic was last recorded at 3.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Czech Republic Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

From 2003 to 2025, the central banks of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union exhibited remarkably similar interest rate patterns, reflecting shared global economic conditions. In the early 2000s, rates were initially low to stimulate growth, then increased as economies showed signs of overheating prior to 2008. The financial crisis that year prompted sharp rate cuts to near-zero levels, which persisted for an extended period to support economic recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to further rate reductions to historic lows, aiming to mitigate economic fallout. However, surging inflation in 2022 triggered a dramatic policy shift, with the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank significantly raising rates to curb price pressures. As inflation stabilized in late 2023 and early 2024, the ECB and Bank of England initiated rate cuts by mid-2024, and the Federal Reserve also implemented its first cut in three years, with forecasts suggesting a gradual decrease in all major interest rates between 2025 and 2026. Divergent approaches within the European Union While the ECB sets a benchmark rate for the Eurozone, individual EU countries have adopted diverse strategies to address their unique economic circumstances. For instance, Hungary set the highest rate in the EU at 13 percent in September 2023, gradually reducing it to 6.5 percent by October 2024. In contrast, Sweden implemented more aggressive cuts, lowering its rate to two percent by June 2025, the lowest among EU members. These variations highlight the complex economic landscape that European central banks must navigate, balancing inflation control with economic growth support. Global context and future outlook The interest rate changes in major economies have had far-reaching effects on global financial markets. Government bond yields, for example, reflect these policy shifts and investor sentiment. As of December 2024, the United States had the highest 10-year government bond yield among developed economies at 4.59 percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at 0.27 percent. These rates serve as important benchmarks for borrowing costs and economic expectations worldwide.

Poland Interest Rate: Deposit data was reported at 0.500 % pa in Nov 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.500 % pa for Oct 2018. Poland Interest Rate: Deposit data is updated monthly, averaging 2.500 % pa from Dec 2001 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 204 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.500 % pa in Dec 2001 and a record low of 0.500 % pa in Nov 2018. Poland Interest Rate: Deposit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bank of Poland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.M001: Key Interest Rate: National Bank of Poland.

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 2 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This statistic shows the policy rate set by Norges Bank of Norway from 2011 with a forecast until 2021. The policy rate set by Norges Bank has followed the global trend of low interest rates, standing at *** percent in 2016. The policy rate is forecasted to increase from 2017 onwards, reaching **** percent in 2021.

Interest Rate: Denmark National Bank: Lending Rate data was reported at 2.000 % pa in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.250 % pa for Mar 2025. Interest Rate: Denmark National Bank: Lending Rate data is updated monthly, averaging 2.250 % pa from Apr 1992 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 397 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.000 % pa in Nov 1992 and a record low of 0.050 % pa in Aug 2022. Interest Rate: Denmark National Bank: Lending Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Danmarks Nationalbank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.M001: Bank Interest Rate.

Lending Rate: National Bank of Hungary: Overnight Collateralised data was reported at 0.900 % pa in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.900 % pa for Sep 2018. Lending Rate: National Bank of Hungary: Overnight Collateralised data is updated monthly, averaging 7.500 % pa from Jan 2000 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 226 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.250 % pa in Jan 2000 and a record low of 0.900 % pa in Oct 2018. Lending Rate: National Bank of Hungary: Overnight Collateralised data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bank of Hungary. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.M001: Key Interest Rate: National Bank of Hungary.

Deposits Rate: National Bank of Hungary: Voluntary: Overnight data was reported at -0.150 % pa in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of -0.150 % pa for Sep 2018. Deposits Rate: National Bank of Hungary: Voluntary: Overnight data is updated monthly, averaging 5.500 % pa from Jan 2000 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 226 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.500 % pa in Feb 2004 and a record low of -0.150 % pa in Oct 2018. Deposits Rate: National Bank of Hungary: Voluntary: Overnight data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bank of Hungary. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.M001: Key Interest Rate: National Bank of Hungary.

The benchmark interest rate in Norway was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Norway Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-09-18 about 15-year, mortgage, fixed, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

This statistic shows the policy rate set by Bank of Sweden from 2011 with a forecast until 2021. The policy rate has followed the global trend of low interest rates, standing at **** in 2016. The policy rate is forecasted to start increasing in 2017 and reach **** percent in 2021.

This statistic shows the policy rate set by Central Bank of Denmark from 2011 with a forecast until 2021. The policy rate has followed the global trend of low interest rates, standing at *** in 2015. The policy rate is forecasted to increase from 2019 onwards, reaching *** percent in 2021.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

First National Bank: Steady Growth or Market Correction Ahead? (FNB)

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

National Bank: Stock Surge in the Cards? (NBHC)

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data