The National River Flow Archive (NRFA) is the UK's focal point for river flow data and is the primary archive of daily and peak river flows for the United Kingdom. The archive incorporates daily, monthly and flood peak data from over 1500 gauging stations across the UK.

The NRFA holds a wide range of hydrological information to assist in the understanding and interpretation of measured river flows. In addition to time series of gauged river flow, the data centre maintains hydrometric information relating to the gauging stations and the catchments they command and data, quantifying other parts of the hydrological cycle.

The National River Flow Archive (NRFA) is the UK's focal point for hydrometric data, providing stewardship of, and access to, daily and monthly river flow data for some 1500 gauging stations nationally. In addition a range of information concerning the catchments of these gauging station is available either in the form of statistics or spatial data, including digitised catchment boundaries. The NRFA is mandated by UK government (Defra) and the devolved administrations of Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales to provide data and information on water resources nationally. The NRFA is a major component of the National Water Archive and part of CEH's Environmental Information Data Centre.

List of all NRFA Gauging stations pulled from NRFA API. Fields containing links to station info webpage and catch daily rainfall data download have been added to the attribute table.

This dataset is an update to the National River Flow Archive's Peak Flow Dataset including the files for use in the WINFAP software for flood estimation. The dataset includes Annual Maxima (AMAX) and Peaks over Threshold (POT) data for 939 gauging stations which have been updated with an additional water year of data (October 2019 to September 2020) in England, Northern Ireland and Wales. No update was available for sites in Scotland due to issues with the hydrometric archive. This dataset is superseded by NRFA Peak Flow Dataset V11.0. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.

This dataset is part of the National Water Census ongoing development of best estimates of daily historical water budgets for over 100,000 hydrologic units across the United States. In this release, estimates of total flow and snowmelt for each hydrologic unit are added to the already released estimates of actual evapotranspiration, snowpack water-equivalent storage, soil moisture, recharge, streamflow, and precipitation. All these estimates are made available per twelve-digit hydrologic unit code watershed as contained in the NHDPlus v2.1 dataset and associated Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) snapshot. As this project progresses, it is expected that a complete closed water budget generated from the same water budget model will succeed this data release. Users are advised to ignore the first two years of the simulations to account for model initialization.

For background on source data and generation of these water budget variables, see nhru_hru_outflow.csv and nhru_snowmelt.csv from:

Hay, L.E. and LaFontaine, J.H., 2020, Application of the National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM-PRMS), 1980-2016, Daymet Version 3 calibration: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PGZE0S

The water budget variables were converted to a HUC12 basis using area-weighted spatial interpolation. The HUC12 version is the one included with WBD snapshot associated withe NHDPlus v2.1. All code used for conversions are published by Blodgett (2020) referenced below.

Summary of files included:
1) hu12_ids.csv.zip - twelve digit hydrologic unit (HUC12) code identifiers used in all files.
2) timesteps.csv.zip - timesteps used in all files.
3) nhm_total_flow_timeseries.csv.zip - One HUC12 per row, one date per column, version of total flow data.
4) nhm_snowmelt_timeseries.csv.zip - One HUC12 per row, one date per column, version of snowmelt data.

This data release compliments the following related data releases:

Actual evapotranspiration and snowpack water equivalent storage:
Blodgett, D.L., 2020, Twelve-digit hydrologic unit actual evapotranspiration and snowpack water equivalent storage from the National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System 1980-2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IH7CB8.

Soil moisture and recharge:
Blodgett, D.L., 2019, Twelve digit hydrologic unit soil moisture and recharge from the National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZZAWK4.

Streamflow:
Russell, A.M., Over, T.M., and Farmer, W.H., 2018, Statistical daily streamflow estimates at HUC12 outlets in the conterminous United States, Water Years 1981-2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DPSY6G.

Precipitation:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/52a7bed0e4b0de1a6d2dd0fd
Thornton, P.E., Thornton, M.M., Mayer, B.W., Wei, Y., Devarakonda, R., Vose, R.S., and Cook, R.B., 2017, Daymet—Daily surface weather data on a 1-km grid for North America, Version 3: ORNL DAAC website, accessed March 8, 2017, at https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1328.

Quality characteristics for 21586 river flow time series from 13 datasets worldwide. The 13 datasets are: the Global Runoff Database from the Global Runoff Data Center (GRDC), the Global River Discharge Data (RIVDIS; Vörösmarty et al., 1998), Surface-Water Data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), HYDAT from the Water Survey of Canada (WSC), WISKI from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Hidroweb from the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA), National data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Spanish river flow data from the Ecological Transition Ministry (Spain), R-ArcticNet v. 4.0 from the Pan-Arctic Project Consortium (R-ArcticNet), Russian River data (NCAR-UCAR; Bodo, 2000), Chinese river flow data from the China Hydrology Data Project (CHDP; Henck et al., 2010, 2011), the European Water Archive from GRDC - EURO-FRIEND-Water (EWA), and the GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) – Tropics dataset provided by the Royal Irrigation Department of Thailand. Quality characteristics are based on availability, outliers, homogeneity and trends: overall availability (%), longest availability (%), continuity (%), monthly availability (%), outliers ratio (%), homogeneity of annual flows (number of statistical tests agreeing), trend in annual flows, trend in one month of the year.

Bodo, B. (2000) Russian River Flow Data by Bodo. Boulder CO: Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory. Retrieved from http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds553.1/

Henck, A. C., Huntington, K. W., Stone, J. O., Montgomery, D. R. & Hallet, B. (2011) Spatial controls on erosion in the Three Rivers Region, southeastern Tibet and southwestern China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 303(1–2), 71–83. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.038

Henck, A. C., Montgomery, David R., Huntington, K. W. & Liang, C. (2010) Monsoon control of effective discharge, Yunnan and Tibet. Geology 38(11), 975–978. doi:10.1130/G31444.1

Vörösmarty, C. J., Fekete, B. M. & Tucker, B. A. (1998) Global River Discharge, 1807-1991, V[ersion]. 1.1 (RivDIS). doi:10.3334/ornldaac/199

"River flow refers to the quantity of water passing a point in the river over a certain amount of time. Different rivers have different flow patterns, such as sharp peak flows following rain with low flows in between, or high spring flows from snow melt. These flow characteristics affect how much water is available for irrigation, drinking water, hydro–electric power generation, and recreational activities such as fishing and boating. River flows are also very important for maintaining the health and form of a waterway.

This dataset relates to the "Geographic pattern of natural river flows" measure on the Environmental Indicators, Te taiao Aotearoa website. "

For more information, refer to the March 2015 report: 'Hydrological indices for national environmental reporting' https://data.mfe.govt.nz/document/11463-hydrological-indices-for-national-environmental-reporting.

A GFLOW model was constructed of the Park Falls Unit as part of a larger study of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. The model supports the goals of the project by providing improved characterization of the groundwater/surface-water system and a tool to evaluate the sensitivity of hydrologic flows and temperature to future climate and land use changes.

Data is from Kruger National Park river flow data package. We have added two text files to aid analysis. One contains the base IFR data, by river and month. The other contains the high flow IFR requirements. The latter is still under construction.

The National Water Model provides forecasts of flow volume and velocity for over 2.7 million stream and river segments in the contiguous United States and is the National Weather Service’s primary tool for predicting river flooding. Two versions of the National Water Model are available in ArcGIS Living Atlas: a short-term model that updates every hour for 18-hrs, and a medium-range model that updates every 6-hrs for a 10-day outlook.This layer provides a summary of the short-term hourly forecast and adds calculated fields such as flow anomaly, maximum anomaly, and the time at maximum flow. It has been filtered to display only areas with positive flow anomalies (i.e., flooding). Leveraging ArcGIS Online hosted feature services, it is ideal for doing spatial and time queries, use in Dashboards, and supporting a variety of custom symbology.By default, this layer is showing time until maximum flow since the short-term model is ideal for providing detailed situational awareness for imminent or occurring events.Companion LayerNational Water Model Maximum Flow (10-Day Forecast)Related LayersNational Water Model (10-Day Forecast)National Water Model (10-Day Anomaly Forecast)National Water Model (Hourly Forecast)National Water Model (Hourly Anomaly Forecast)RevisionsJan 27, 2022: Added 'Forecast Origin' field. Providing the Origin Date/Time of the Forecast Set

The USGS National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) downloadable data collection from The National Map (TNM) is a comprehensive set of digital spatial data that encodes information about naturally occurring and constructed bodies of surface water (lakes, ponds, and reservoirs), paths through which water flows (canals, ditches, streams, and rivers), and related entities such as point features (springs, wells, stream gages, and dams). The information encoded about these features includes classification and other characteristics, delineation, geographic name, position and related measures, a "reach code" through which other information can be related to the NHD, and the direction of water flow. The network of reach codes delineating water and transported material flow allows users to trace movement in upstream and downstream directions. In addition to this geographic information, the dataset contains metadata that supports the exchange of future updates and improvements to the data. The NHD supports many applications, such as making maps, geocoding observations, flow modeling, data maintenance, and stewardship. For additional information on NHD, go to https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/national-hydrography.

DWR was the steward for NHD and Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) in California. We worked with other organizations to edit and improve NHD and WBD, using the business rules for California. California's NHD improvements were sent to USGS for incorporation into the national database. The most up-to-date products are accessible from the USGS website. Please note that the California portion of the National Hydrography Dataset is appropriate for use at the 1:24,000 scale.

For additional derivative products and resources, including the major features in geopackage format, please go to this page: https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/nhd-major-features Archives of previous statewide extracts of the NHD going back to 2018 may be found at https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/nhd-archive.

In September 2022, USGS officially notified DWR that the NHD would become static as USGS resources will be devoted to the transition to the new 3D Hydrography Program (3DHP). 3DHP will consist of LiDAR-derived hydrography at a higher resolution than NHD. Upon completion, 3DHP data will be easier to maintain, based on a modern data model and architecture, and better meet the requirements of users that were documented in the Hydrography Requirements and Benefits Study (2016). The initial releases of 3DHP include NHD data cross-walked into the 3DHP data model. It will take several years for the 3DHP to be built out for California. Please refer to the resources on this page for more information.

The FINAL,STATIC version of the National Hydrography Dataset for California was published for download by USGS on December 27, 2023. This dataset can no longer be edited by the state stewards. The next generation of national hydrography data is the USGS 3D Hydrography Program (3DHP).

Questions about the California stewardship of these datasets may be directed to nhd_stewardship@water.ca.gov.

This dataset contains base-flow recession time constant (tau) contours that are interpreted from tau values calculated at streamgages in the Niobrara National Scenic River study area. The contours were created by interpolating the calculated tau values using geostatistical kriging methods. Kriging is a geostatistical method that can be used to determine optimal weights for measurements at sampled locations (streamgages) for the estimation of values at unsampled locations (ungaged sites). The kriged tau map could be used (1) as the basis for identifying areas with different hydrologic responsiveness, and (2) in the development of regional low-flow regression equations. The Geostatistical Analyst tools in ArcGIS Pro version 2.5.2 (Environmental Systems Research Institute, 2012) were used to create the kriged tau map and perform cross validation to determine the root mean square error (RMSE) of the tau map. The results of the kriging were then exported from ArcGIS to contours.

The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a feature-based database that interconnects and uniquely identifies the stream segments or reaches that make up the nation's surface water drainage system. NHD data was originally developed at 1:100,000 scale and exists at that scale for the whole country. High resolution NHD adds detail to the original 1:100,000-scale NHD. (Data for Alaska, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands was developed at high-resolution, not 1:100,000 scale.) Like the 1:100,000-scale NHD, high resolution NHD contains reach codes for networked features and isolated lakes, flow direction, names, stream level, and centerline representations for areal water bodies. Reaches are also defined to represent waterbodies and the approximate shorelines of the Great Lakes, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. The NHD also incorporates the National Spatial Data Infrastructure framework criteria set out by the Federal Geographic Data Committee.

The base-flow recession time constant (tau) is a hydrologic index that characterizes the ability of a ground-water system to supply flow to a stream draining from that system. The magnitude of tau indicates the degree of hydraulic conductivity of the stream to the groundwater system. Larger tau values indicate a stronger dependence on the groundwater system for streamflows, a smaller base-flow recession value indicates that the stream is not as dependent on the groundwater system for streamflows. Tau and other correlated hydrologic indices have been used as explanatory variables to greatly improve the predictive power of low-flow regression equations. Tau can also be used as an indicator of streamflow dependence on groundwater inflow to the channel. Tau values were calculated for 10 streamages in the Niobrara National Scenic River study area. This dataset contains the locations and calculated tau value at the streamgage.

description: This flow map depicts the flow and control of water on William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge. It was produced as part of the Water Resource Inventory and Assessment project for the Refuge. It covers Refuge water features (e.g. streams and impoundments), water control structures, and monitoring sites.; abstract: This flow map depicts the flow and control of water on William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge. It was produced as part of the Water Resource Inventory and Assessment project for the Refuge. It covers Refuge water features (e.g. streams and impoundments), water control structures, and monitoring sites.

Description Power flow data for the West Midlands network listed by Bulk Supply Point (BSP). This data is aggregated over 5 minute time periods for the previous week. Data includes voltage, current and power averages, where available. These datasets are updated on a daily basis.

description: This flow map depicts the flow and control of water on Ankeny National Wildlife Refuge. It was produced as part of the Water Resource Inventory and Assessment project for the Refuge. It covers Refuge water features (e.g. streams and impoundments), water control structures, and monitoring sites.; abstract: This flow map depicts the flow and control of water on Ankeny National Wildlife Refuge. It was produced as part of the Water Resource Inventory and Assessment project for the Refuge. It covers Refuge water features (e.g. streams and impoundments), water control structures, and monitoring sites.

description: Proposed modified water deliveries to Indian Tribal Lands, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Water Conservation Area 3A require that flow and nutrient loads at critical points in the interior surface water network be measured. Defining the foundation for water levels, flows, and nutrient loads has become an important baseline for Storm Treatment Area 5 and 6 development, recent C-139 Basin flow re-diversions, and future L-28 Interceptor Canal de-compartmentalization including flow rerouting into the Big Cypress Preserve. Flow monitoring for the two primary flow routes for both L-28 Interceptor Canal and L-28 is key to developing this network. Data are available for L-28 Interceptor Canal below S-190, L-28 Canal above S-140, and L-28 Interceptor South; abstract: Proposed modified water deliveries to Indian Tribal Lands, Big Cypress National Preserve, and Water Conservation Area 3A require that flow and nutrient loads at critical points in the interior surface water network be measured. Defining the foundation for water levels, flows, and nutrient loads has become an important baseline for Storm Treatment Area 5 and 6 development, recent C-139 Basin flow re-diversions, and future L-28 Interceptor Canal de-compartmentalization including flow rerouting into the Big Cypress Preserve. Flow monitoring for the two primary flow routes for both L-28 Interceptor Canal and L-28 is key to developing this network. Data are available for L-28 Interceptor Canal below S-190, L-28 Canal above S-140, and L-28 Interceptor South

The model simulates two-dimensional groundwater flow and base flow in streams in the southern Nicolet Unit of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest using the analytic element program GFLOW (Haitjema, 1995). Significant streams and lakes in the model domain are represented at varying levels of detail as linesink elements fully connected to the groundwater system. The highest level of detail is given to surface water features within the Forest Unit, while greatly simplified features around the perimeter of the model provide a boundary condition for the groundwater flow system. Groundwater discharge to the linesinks is computed, and routed through the surface water network as base flow. Recharge to the groundwater system was obtained from a separate soil-water-balance (SWB) model, which uses topography, soils, land use, and climatic data to estimate recharge as deep drainage from the soil zone. Estimated average annual recharge rates were supplied to the GFLOW model on a regular 1-km grid covering the model domain, using the Hybrid GFLOW-MODFLOW feature of GFLOW. The model was calibrated to groundwater levels, interpreted lake stages, and estimated annual base flows in streams, \with an emphasis on data collected since 1970. Parameters representing hydraulic conductivity, groundwater recharge, and surface water bed-sediment resistance were adjusted using the parameter estimation program PEST, to produce simulated groundwater levels and base flow estimates that agree with field measurements, and input parameter values that are consistent with previous studies and the conceptual understanding of the area. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output for the simulations described in the published report, which can be found in the main directory of this data release.