Abstract

The UNPS aims at producing annual estimates in key policy areas; and providing a platform for experimenting with and assessing national policies and programs. Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include: 1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and General Budget Support, and also to provide information for the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production); 2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level as well as information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates annually; to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS); 3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante-natal and post-natal care, and assess the effect of subsidies on agricultural inputs among others; 4. To provide a framework for policy oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review; and 5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of national household surveys.

Analysis unit

The study describes (including but not limited to): - Household - Individual - Parcel - Plot - Community

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The UNPS is carried out over a twelve-month period (a “wave”) on a nationally representative sample of households, for the purpose of accommodating the seasonality associated with the composition of and expenditures on consumption. The survey is conducted in two visits in order to better capture agricultural outcomes associated with the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNPS therefore interviews each household twice in a year, in visits approximately six months apart. In 2009/10, the UNPS set out to track and interview 3,123 households that were distributed over 322 Enumeration Areas (EAs), selected out of 783 EAs that had been visited during the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) in 2005/06. The distribution of the EAs covered by the 2009/10 UNPS was such that it included all 34 EAs in Kampala District, and 72 EAs (58 rural and 14 urban) in each of the other regions i.e. Central excluding Kampala, Eastern, Western and Northern which make up the strata. Within each stratum, the EAs were selected with equal probability with implicit stratification by urban/rural and district (in this order). However, the probabilities of selection for the rural portions of ten districts that had been oversampled by the UNHS 2005/06 were adjusted accordingly. Since most IDP (Internally Displaced People) camps in the Northern region are currently unoccupied, the EAs that constituted IDP camps were not part of the UNPS sample. This allocation allows for reliable estimates at the national, rural-urban and regional levels i.e. at level of strata representativeness which includes: (i) Kampala City, (ii) Other Urban Areas, (iii) Central Rural, (iv) Eastern Rural, (v) Western Rural, and (vi) Northern Rural. In the UNPS 2010/11, the concept of Clusters instead of EAs was introduced. A cluster represents a group of households that are within a particular geographical area up to parish level. This was done due to split-off households that fell outside the selected EAs but could still be reached and interviewed if they still resided within the same parish as the selected EA. Consequently, in each subsequent survey wave, a subset of individuals was selected for tracking. The UNPS is part of the long term Census and Household Survey Program hence questionnaires and the timing of data collection are coordinated with the current surveys and census implemented by UBOS. SAMPLE REFRESH Starting with the UNPS 2013/14 (Wave 4) fieldwork, one third of the initial UNPS sample was refreshed with the intention to balance the advantages and shortcomings of panel surveys. Each new household will be visited for three consecutive waves, while baseline households will have a longer history of five or six years, given the start time of the sample refresh. This same sample was used for the UNPS 2015/16 (Wave 5) Once a steady state is reached, each household will be visited for three consecutive years, and at any given time one third of the households will be new, one third will be visited for the second time, and one third for the third (and last) time. The total sample will never be too different from a representative cross-section of the country, yet two-thirds of it will be a panel with a background of a year or two. New households were identified using the updated sample frames developed by the UBOS in 2013 as part of the preparations for the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The UNPS had six questionnaires namely: Household Questionnaire; Woman Questionnaire; Agriculture & Livestock Questionnaire; Fisheries Questionnaire; Community Questionnaire and Market Questionnaire. A module on Biological data collection was also administered in 2019/20. Each of these questionnaires is divided into a number of sections and the number of questions in each section varies accordingly. It should be noted that in 2013/14, 2015/16, 2018/19, and 2019/20, all questionnaires were administered using the CAPI software .

Abstract

The 2016/17 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) is the sixth in a series of national household surveys that Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has undertaken. The survey collected information on socio-economic characteristics at both household and community levels. The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households for monitoring Uganda’s development performance of key indicators in the various sectors. The 2016/17 UNHS comprises four (4) modules. Those are the Socio-Economic, Labour Force, Community, and Market price modules. The main findings are based on the four modules and include trends of several indicators on Education, Health, Household Expenditure and Poverty, Food security, Income and loans, Information and Communication Technology, Vulnerable Groups, Community Characteristics and Non-crop household enterprises, presented at national, rural-urban, regional and sub-regional levels. The survey collected much more information besides what has been included in the main findings. Therefore, UBOS calls upon all stakeholders to utilize the wealth of data collected and availed over the years to undertake in-depth empirical analysis so as to better inform future policy debate.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The UNHS 2016/17 had the following units of analysis: individuals, housheholds, and communities.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all currently employed and unemployed persons aged 5 years and above, resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2016/17 UNHS sample was designed to allow for generation of separate estimates at the national level, for urban and rural areas and for the 15 sub-regions of Uganda. At the time of the survey there were only 112 districts. This number later increased to 122 districts. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were grouped by districts of similar socio-economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units were drawn using Systematic Random Sampling. A total of 1,750 EAs were selected from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) list of EAs which constituted the Sampling Frame. The EAs were then grouped into 15 sub-regions, taking into consideration the standard errors required for estimation of poverty indicators at sub-regions and the rural-urban domains. In addition to the sub-regions, the other sub-groups that were considered during the analysis of the 2016/17 UNHS include the Peace and Recovery Development Plan (PRDP) districts and Hard-to-reach areas such as the mountainous areas. The survey targeted to interview 10 households per EA, implying a total sample of 17,540 households. Prior to the main survey data collection, all the sampled EAs were updated by listing all the households within their boundaries.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The UNHS 2016/17 adminstered four questionnaires including: Socio-Economic, Labour Force, Market Prices, and Community. All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources in this documentation.

Response rate

Out of the total 17,320 households selected for the 2016/17 UNHS sample, 15,672 households were successfully interviewed, giving a response rate of 91 percent. The response rate was higher in rural areas (93%) compared to urban areas (88%).

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors usually result from mistakes made during data collection and capture and those include misunderstanding of the questions, either by the respondent or by the interviewer and by capture of wrong entries. Such errors were controlled through rigorous training of the data collectors and through field spot-checks undertaken by the supervisors at the different levels. On the other hand, sampling errors (SE) are evaluated statistically. The 2016/17 UNHS sample is one of the many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population using the same sampling design. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples that would yield different results from the selected sample. Sampling errors are usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic such as the mean, percentages, etc. The Tables in Appendix III present standard errors and Coefficients of Variations (CVs) for selected indicators at national, rural-urban and sub-regional levels.

Abstract

The General Household Survey-Panel (GHS-Panel) is implemented in collaboration with the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) team as part of the Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (ISA) program. The objectives of the GHS-Panel include the development of an innovative model for collecting agricultural data, interinstitutional collaboration, and comprehensive analysis of welfare indicators and socio-economic characteristics. The GHS-Panel is a nationally representative survey of approximately 5,000 households, which are also representative of the six geopolitical zones. The 2023/24 GHS-Panel is the fifth round of the survey with prior rounds conducted in 2010/11, 2012/13, 2015/16 and 2018/19. The GHS-Panel households were visited twice: during post-planting period (July - September 2023) and during post-harvest period (January - March 2024).

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households • Individuals • Agricultural plots • Communities

Universe

The survey covered all de jure households excluding prisons, hospitals, military barracks, and school dormitories.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The original GHS‑Panel sample was fully integrated with the 2010 GHS sample. The GHS sample consisted of 60 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) or Enumeration Areas (EAs), chosen from each of the 37 states in Nigeria. This resulted in a total of 2,220 EAs nationally. Each EA contributed 10 households to the GHS sample, resulting in a sample size of 22,200 households. Out of these 22,200 households, 5,000 households from 500 EAs were selected for the panel component, and 4,916 households completed their interviews in the first wave.

After nearly a decade of visiting the same households, a partial refresh of the GHS‑Panel sample was implemented in Wave 4 and maintained for Wave 5. The refresh was conducted to maintain the integrity and representativeness of the sample. The refresh EAs were selected from the same sampling frame as the original GHS‑Panel sample in 2010. A listing of households was conducted in the 360 EAs, and 10 households were randomly selected in each EA, resulting in a total refresh sample of approximately 3,600 households.

In addition to these 3,600 refresh households, a subsample of the original 5,000 GHS‑Panel households from 2010 were selected to be included in the new sample. This “long panel” sample of 1,590 households was designed to be nationally representative to enable continued longitudinal analysis for the sample going back to 2010. The long panel sample consisted of 159 EAs systematically selected across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones.

The combined sample of refresh and long panel EAs in Wave 5 that were eligible for inclusion consisted of 518 EAs based on the EAs selected in Wave 4. The combined sample generally maintains both the national and zonal representativeness of the original GHS‑Panel sample.

Sampling deviation

Although 518 EAs were identified for the post-planting visit, conflict events prevented interviewers from visiting eight EAs in the North West zone of the country. The EAs were located in the states of Zamfara, Katsina, Kebbi and Sokoto. Therefore, the final number of EAs visited both post-planting and post-harvest comprised 157 long panel EAs and 354 refresh EAs. The combined sample is also roughly equally distributed across the six geopolitical zones.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The GHS-Panel Wave 5 consisted of three questionnaires for each of the two visits. The Household Questionnaire was administered to all households in the sample. The Agriculture Questionnaire was administered to all households engaged in agricultural activities such as crop farming, livestock rearing, and other agricultural and related activities. The Community Questionnaire was administered to the community to collect information on the socio-economic indicators of the enumeration areas where the sample households reside.

GHS-Panel Household Questionnaire: The Household Questionnaire provided information on demographics; education; health; labour; childcare; early child development; food and non-food expenditure; household nonfarm enterprises; food security and shocks; safety nets; housing conditions; assets; information and communication technology; economic shocks; and other sources of household income. Household location was geo-referenced in order to be able to later link the GHS-Panel data to other available geographic data sets (forthcoming).

GHS-Panel Agriculture Questionnaire: The Agriculture Questionnaire solicited information on land ownership and use; farm labour; inputs use; GPS land area measurement and coordinates of household plots; agricultural capital; irrigation; crop harvest and utilization; animal holdings and costs; household fishing activities; and digital farming information. Some information is collected at the crop level to allow for detailed analysis for individual crops.

GHS-Panel Community Questionnaire: The Community Questionnaire solicited information on access to infrastructure and transportation; community organizations; resource management; changes in the community; key events; community needs, actions, and achievements; social norms; and local retail price information.

The Household Questionnaire was slightly different for the two visits. Some information was collected only in the post-planting visit, some only in the post-harvest visit, and some in both visits.

The Agriculture Questionnaire collected different information during each visit, but for the same plots and crops.

The Community Questionnaire collected prices during both visits, and different community level information during the two visits.

Cleaning operations

CAPI: Wave five exercise was conducted using Computer Assisted Person Interview (CAPI) techniques. All the questionnaires (household, agriculture, and community questionnaires) were implemented in both the post-planting and post-harvest visits of Wave 5 using the CAPI software, Survey Solutions. The Survey Solutions software was developed and maintained by the Living Standards Measurement Unit within the Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank. Each enumerator was given a tablet which they used to conduct the interviews. Overall, implementation of survey using Survey Solutions CAPI was highly successful, as it allowed for timely availability of the data from completed interviews.

DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: The data communication system used in Wave 5 was highly automated. Each field team was given a mobile modem which allowed for internet connectivity and daily synchronization of their tablets. This ensured that head office in Abuja had access to the data in real-time. Once the interview was completed and uploaded to the server, the data was first reviewed by the Data Editors. The data was also downloaded from the server, and Stata dofile was run on the downloaded data to check for additional errors that were not captured by the Survey Solutions application. An excel error file was generated following the running of the Stata dofile on the raw dataset. Information contained in the excel error files were then communicated back to respective field interviewers for their action. This monitoring activity was done on a daily basis throughout the duration of the survey, both in the post-planting and post-harvest.

DATA CLEANING: The data cleaning process was done in three main stages. The first stage was to ensure proper quality control during the fieldwork. This was achieved in part by incorporating validation and consistency checks into the Survey Solutions application used for the data collection and designed to highlight many of the errors that occurred during the fieldwork.

The second stage cleaning involved the use of Data Editors and Data Assistants (Headquarters in Survey Solutions). As indicated above, once the interview is completed and uploaded to the server, the Data Editors review completed interview for inconsistencies and extreme values. Depending on the outcome, they can either approve or reject the case. If rejected, the case goes back to the respective interviewer’s tablet upon synchronization. Special care was taken to see that the households included in the data matched with the selected sample and where there were differences, these were properly assessed and documented. The agriculture data were also checked to ensure that the plots identified in the main sections merged with the plot information identified in the other sections. Additional errors observed were compiled into error reports that were regularly sent to the teams. These errors were then corrected based on re-visits to the household on the instruction of the supervisor. The data that had gone through this first stage of cleaning was then approved by the Data Editor. After the Data Editor’s approval of the interview on Survey Solutions server, the Headquarters also reviews and depending on the outcome, can either reject or approve.

The third stage of cleaning involved a comprehensive review of the final raw data following the first and second stage cleaning. Every variable was examined individually for (1) consistency with other sections and variables, (2) out of range responses, and (3) outliers. However, special care was taken to avoid making strong assumptions when resolving potential errors. Some minor errors remain in the data where the diagnosis and/or solution were unclear to the data cleaning team.

Response

Abstract

The Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2012-2013 was conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics from June 2012 to June 2013. The objectives of the survey included:

1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as NAADS and General Budget Support, and also to provide information to the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production);
2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level and provide annual information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the UNHS, Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS);
3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante- and post-natal care, or assessing the effect of agricultural input subsidies;
4. To provide a framework for policy oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which will feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review;
5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of Uganda National Household Surveys.

The UNHS is scheduled to be carried out annually over a twelve-month period on a nationally representative sample of approximately 3,000 households. The survey was conducted in two visits in order to capture the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNHS interviewed each household twice a year, in visits six months apart.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The UNHS initial sample was a subset of about 3,220 households, selected from the 7,426 households visited during the UNHS 2005-06. This initial sample has been visited for three consecutive years (2009/10, 20010/11 and 2011/2012) after which, parts of the sample will start to be replaced in Wave IV (2013/2014) by new EAs extracted from the updated sample frames developed by UBOS from the 2012 Census. About 100 have been replaced.

The sample frame used was the 2012 cartographic list of eumenaration areas.The survey used a two stage sampling design: - At the first stage, 750 enumeration areas (EA) were selected - At the second stage, 10 households were randomly selected in each EA (7,500)

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

To suit its multiple objectives, the UNPS was comprised of a set of survey instruments. These were the following questionnaires: 1) Socio-Economic Questionaire: Core and rotating modules 2) Labour Module Questionnaire 3) Price (Market) Questionnaire 4) Community / Facility Questionnaires for schools, health facilities and other facilities (potentially conducted on a rotating basis and not in every year of the UNHS)

Response rate

95%

This series measures the prevalence and correlates of drug use in the United States. The surveys are designed to provide quarterly, as well as annual, estimates. Information is provided on the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco among members of United States households aged 12 and older. Questions include age at first use as well as lifetime, annual, and past-month usage for the following drug classes: marijuana, cocaine (and crack), hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, alcohol, tobacco, anabolic steroids, nonmedical use of prescription drugs including psychotherapeutics, and polysubstance use. Respondents were also asked about substance abuse treatment history, illegal activities, problems resulting from use of drugs, perceptions of the risks involved, personal and family income sources and amounts, need for treatment for drug or alcohol use, criminal record, and needle-sharing. Questions on mental health and access to care, which were introduced in the 1994-B questionnaire (see NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ON DRUG ABUSE, 1994), were retained in this administration of the survey. Demographic data include sex, race, age, ethnicity, marital status, motor vehicle use, educational level, job status, income level, veteran status, and past and current household composition. This study has 1 Data Set.

The OLAS/SCL Household Survey Data Set contains 47 water and sanitation related indicators generated from microdata from national household surveys throughout the region.

The data set contains information from 2003-2022 for 22 countries throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Indicators are provided in terms of household percentage and total households that fall into each category, and can be broken down by various socioeconomic dimensions, including:

• - area (urban or rural community),
• - income quintile
• - migratory status
• - ethnicity, and
• - disability status.

This dataset is the result of a collaboration between INE/WSA and SCL, and is a subset of the larger IDB SCL Indicators dataset.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

households/individuals

Kind of data

survey

Frequency of data collection

Quarterly

Sampling procedure

Sample size:

Abstract

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has been carrying out an integrated household survey, popularly known as Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) every other year since the late 1980s. Through the UNHS, Uganda has very rich household time series data covering over 13 years. The data have been the main source of statistical information for monitoring poverty levels, trends and related welfare issues.

The UNHS 2009/10 was undertaken from May 2009 to April 2010 and covered about 6800 households scientifically selected countrywide. The survey was comprehensive and had six modules, namely; Socio-economic, Labor Force, Informal Sector, Community, Price and Qualitative modules.

The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality and timely data on demographic, social and economic characteristics of the household population to inform/monitor international and national development frameworks. The specific objectives of the survey were to: 1. Provide information on selected economic characteristics of the population including their economic activity status among others. 2. Meet data needs of key users such as Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development; Health; Education and Sports, etc.., and other collaborating Institutions like Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC); the Development Partners as well as the NGO community. 3. Generate and build social and economic indicators and monitor the progress made towards social and economic development goals of the country; and 4. Strengthen efforts being made in building a permanent national household survey capability at UBOS.

Geographic coverage

National

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Survey Design The UNHS 2009/10 sample was designed to allow reliable estimation of key indicators for the Uganda, rural-urban, and separately for ten sub regions. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were grouped by districts and rural-urban location; then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). At the second stage, households which are the Ultimate Sampling Units were drawn using Systematic Sampling.

A total of 712 EAs representing the general household population were selected using the Uganda Population and Housing Census Frame for 2002. These EAs were allocated to the 10 sub-regions with consideration of the rural and urban areas which constituted the main domains of the sample.

Sample Size When determining the required sample size, the degree of precision (reliability) desired for the survey estimates, the cost and operational limitations, and the efficiency of the design were taken into consideration. The UNHS 2009/10 covered a sample size of 6800 households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are five questionnaires for the UNHS namely: (i) Listing questionnaire (ii) socio-economic Questionnaire (iii) Labour Force survey questionnaire (iv) Informal Sector Questionnaires (v) Community Questionnaire

Note that the informal sector survey questionnaires comprise 5 sets according to activity namely: (1) Livestock, poultry, bee-keeping, and fishing (2) Forestry (3) Mining, quarrying, and manufacturing (4) Hotels, lodges, bars, restaurants and eating places (5) Trade and services

Cleaning operations

A system of double data entry was utilized to ensure good quality data. Questionnaires were manually edited by five office based editors who were recruited to ensure consistency of the data collected. A computer program (hot-deck scrutiny) for verification and validation was developed and operated during data processing. Range and consistency checks were included in the data-entry program. More intensive and thorough checks were also carried out using MS-ACCESS by the data processing team.

Sampling error estimates

Household survey findings are usually estimates based on a sample of households selected using appropriate sample designs. Estimates are affected by two types of errors; sampling and non-sampling errors. Non-Sampling errors result from wrong interpretation of results; mistakes in recording of responses, definitional problems, improper recording of data, etc and are mainly committed during the implementation of the survey.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, arise because observations are based on only one of the many samples that could have been selected from the same population using the same design and expected size. They are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Sampling errors are usually measured using Standard Errors (SE). SE is the square root of the variance and can be used to calculate confidence intervals for the various estimates. In addition, sometimes it is appropriate to measure the relative errors of some of the variables and the Coefficient of Variation (CV) is one such measure. It is the quotient of the SE divided by the mean of the variable of interest.

The SE and CVs were computed using STATA software and they each take into account the multi-stage nature of the survey design. The results below indicate the SE and CVs computed for the selected variables in the report. The SEs and CVs are presented for national, regional and rural-urban levels.

Note: Detailed sampling error tables are available in the 2009-2010 UNHS final report.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Abstract

The Uganda National Household Survey 2002/03 was the eighth in a series of household surveys that started in 1988. The UNHS 2002/2003 collected information on the economic characteristics of the population and its activity status at the household level. The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality and timely data on population and socio-economic characteristics of households for monitoring development performance. The UNHS 2002/2003 focused on four modules namely the Socio-economic, Labour force, the Informal Sector, and Community modules. The survey covered 55 districts of Uganda, with some parts of Gulu and Kitgum districts not fully covered due to insecurity. Pader District was not covered at all. Indicators on population characteristics, labourforce participation rates, education, health, household expenditure and poverty among others have been presented at national, regional and rural-urban levels. The UNHS 2002/03 survey findings estimate the population of Uganda at around 25 million. The average household size is estimated at 5 persons per household. Like in the previous surveys, a large proportion of the population is below 15 years of age, with the majority of household members being children of the household head, which trend has been the same over years. The Poverty Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy targets 98 percent primary school enrollment by the year 2003. The results of the survey reveal that in spite of efforts made so far, Net Primary Enrollment for children aged 6-12 is below the target at 86 percent. This is partly caused by the fact that some children enroll late for primary school. The results also show that many children continue to attend primary school after the official age of 12. For example, more than half of all children aged 13-18 years attend primary school. In addition, households report that the monetary costs related to schooling deter participation to a certain extent. The results show that the percentage enrolled increases with increased household wealth. There are consistent differences in educational attainment and in literacy, and these differences are consistent across regions, both by sex and income bracket. The northern region consistently emerges worse-off in almost every education indicator. About twenty eight percent of the country’s population fell sick in the 30 days preceding the survey with malaria/fever reported as the major cause of ill health. Of those who fell sick, many practiced self-treatment while others preferred to go to private clinics. Usage of mosquito nets remains low with only 11 percent of the population using them. Awareness of HIV/AIDS is almost universal. However it is not matched by knowledge of specific ways to avoid HIV/AIDS. The condom however is most mentioned as the specific method one can use to avoid HIV/AIDS. The radio is reported to be the main medium through which people acquire information on HIV/AIDS. Most of the housing and household conditions have improved especially the housing structure i.e. wall, roof and floor. Households are still dependent on “tadoba” for lighting and worse still, the majority of the households depend on wood as fuel for cooking. The 2002/03 survey has shown an increase in Per-household and Per-capita expenditure. Foods, Beverages and Tobacco still dominate the household budget share, despite a drop of 8 percent observed over the same period. However, these changes have not been high enough to over turn the observed increases in poverty levels. The percentage of the population living below the poverty line rose from 34 percent to 38 percent. This rise is statistically significant. The main finding is that, despite some very modest economic growth, poverty increased. This is in contrast to trends in the 1990s, where growth was stronger and appeared to be broadly shared. There has been a general downward trend in the welfare indicators between 1999/00 and 2002/03 periods. Ownership of clothes declined between the 1999/00 and 2002/03 periods while ownership of bicycles and radios has improved over the same period. One in every 5 children aged 0 – 5 years, in the eastern and northern regions does without breakfast. About 36 percent of the households in Uganda own non-crop enterprises. The major enterprises being in the manufacturing and trade and services broad industries. These two categories employ 1.8 million persons while livestock, poultry, bee-keeping, and fishing industry employs another 0.5 million persons. Most household based enterprises are sole proprietorship, and similarly there are mainly started by owners. Nearly 90 percent of the persons aged 10 years and above were usually active during the 12 months prior to the survey. About 60 percent of these were own account workers followed by unpaid family workers (26 percent). The distribution of usually active persons by Industry show that the agricultural sector is still dominant accounting for 68 percent of the employed persons . Considering the last seven days, a higher proportion of persons aged 10 years and above were own account workers (54 percent). The Northern and Eastern Regions recorded the highest proportion of persons employed in agriculture. It is noted that most of the urban dwellers are employed in the sales and service sector. Occupational categories of household members show that 2 in every 3 persons were engaged in agriculture, only 4 percent were involved in Market Oriented Agriculture Production. A higher proportion of women than men was recorded for those who were engaged in domestic duties. Those who did not participate in economic activities during the last 7 days, stated being ill as the dominant reason. Among reasons for not being usually active during the last 12 months, attending school featured as the prominent reason followed by attending to domestic duties. Nearly 25 percent of the employed population were engaged in secondary activities and the service workers were more likely to engage in secondary activities than any other occupational category. The current labourforce participation rate is 67 percent. Participation levels by selected background characteristics show that persons without education had higher participation levels than those with primary education. The findings further show that rural women had higher participation rates than their urban counterparts. Twenty percent of the persons in paid employment earn at most shillings 20,000. Of those persons earning more than shillings 60,000, 63 percent were men while only 37 percent were women. Of the currently economically active persons, 3 percent are unemployed. Youth unemployment (5.3 percent) rate was higher than the national rate (3.2 percent). Central region had unemployment rate higher than other regions. Sixty five percent of the unemployed had attempted to look for work. This was mainly through friends and relatives. Most of the unemployed depended on relatives or spouses for survival with females depending more on spouses. The underemployment rate is highest among youth but steadily declines among those aged 50 years and over. The national underemployment rate stood at 15 percent. The survey results show that the underemployed are mainly in the agricultural sector. The underemployed were willing to do any job to earn more money. Findings show that although one in every five working children is an orphan, three out of every four children were non-orphans. Children whose parent survival status is not known are more likely to work. Children who were not attending school engaged in paid employment than those attending school. Furthermore, those who engaged in paid domestic services were more likely to work for more hours in a day than those engaged in other activities.

Geographic coverage

The Uganda National Household Survey 2002/03 was conducted in all districts except Pader. Some parts of Kitgum and Gulu districts were also not covered due to insecurity.

Analysis unit

The following are the units of analysis; - Individual - Household - Community

Universe

The survey covered all resident population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design was chosen to fit the purpose of the survey. Stratified two stage sampling was adopted, but with a few refinements such as over-sampling of urban areas, and possibly of some rural areas with concentrated informal sector activity. The sampling frame for selection of first stage units (FSUs) was the list of EAs with the number of households based on cartographic work for the 2002 Population and Housing Census. For selection of the second stage units, which were the households, listing exercise through listing schedules was done in selected EAs. Each district was a stratum and was divided into rural and urban sub-strata. The urban area was further sub-divided into district town and other urban areas. This deep stratification enabled a better spread and representation of the sample, thereby increasing the efficiency of the estimates. Additionally, the continuity over rounds was maintained to enable pooling of results over rounds, if ever considered necessary. The total number of about 1,000 FSUs was firstly allocated between urban and rural in the proportion of 40:60. Thereafter, the urban and rural sample was generally allocated between the strata in proportion to the number of households with certain adjustments. The allocated sample was selected with probability proportional to number of households. A suitable plan for sub-stratification and selection of households at the listing stage, was introduced to ensure adequate representation of households with at least one unemployed person and an informal sector enterprise activity. The households were

Abstract

The objective of the ENIGH is to provide a statistical overview of the behavior of household income and expenditure in terms of its amount, origin and distribution; it also offers information on the occupational and sociodemographic characteristics of the members of the household, as well as the characteristics of the housing infrastructure and household equipment.

From 1984, when INEGI began to carry out the survey, until today, new methodologies have been developed, international recommendations have been issued and good practices have been documented for the generation of information on household income and expenditure through surveys. During this period, additions have been made to the subject of the survey, methodological updates and innovations in the processes, to obtain results that reflect reality, taking into account international recommendations and the information requirements of the different users. When the adoption of recommendations and good practices implied a break in the comparability of results, it was preferred to maintain historical comparability.

As of 2008, INEGI decided to publish the results of the ENIGH, whose variables have been constructed and presented in accordance with the recommendations of the UN, specifically, those issued at the 17th International Conference of Labor Statisticians and in the Report of the Canberra Group. This new construction is also the one used in the database of the Socioeconomic Conditions Module of the ENIGH, which is the source of information for the multidimensional measurement of poverty carried out by the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL).

However, in addition to mentioning and analyzing the international recommendations that were put into practice at ENIGH 2022, this document also relates the background of ENIGH, how it emerged and the significant changes it has undergone since then; the objectives of the survey and the recruitment instruments used are mentioned; likewise, as the main axis, there is the description of income and expenditure, their sources, their correlation and implications, this, as the main indicators of household well-being; another chapter lists the main users of the survey information; and finally, the schemes of the topics, categories and variables used in the ENIGH 2022 are presented.

Periodicity: Since 1992 it has been carried out biennially (every two years) with the exception of 2005 when an extraordinary survey was carried out.

Target population: It is made up of the households of nationals or foreigners, who usually reside in private homes within the national territory.

Selection Unit: Private home. The dwellings are chosen through a meticulous statistical process that guarantees that the results obtained from only a part of the population (sample) can be generalized to the total.

Sampling Frame: The sampling frame used is the multipurpose framework of the INEGI, it is constituted with the demographic and cartographic information obtained from the Population and Housing Census 2010. Effective sample size: 105 525 households Observation unit: The household.

Unit of analysis: The household, the dwelling and the members of the household.

Thematic coverage:

Characteristics of the house. Residents and identification of households in the dwelling. Sociodemographic characteristics of the residents of the dwelling. Home equipment, services. Activity condition and occupational characteristics of household members aged 12 and over. Total current income (monetary and non-monetary) of households. Financial and capital perceptions of households and their members. Current monetary expenditure of households. Financial and capital expenditures of households.

The different concepts of the ENIGH are governed by recommendations agreed upon in international conventions, for example:

The resolutions and reports of the 18 International Conferences on Labour Statistics, of the International Labour Organization (ILO).

The final report and recommendations of the Canberra Group, an expert group on "Household Income Statistics".

Manual of Household Surveys. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Bureau of Statistics. United Nations, New York, 1987.

They are also articulated with the System of National Accounts and with the Household Surveys carried out by INEGI.

Sample size: At the national level there are, including the ten, 105,525 private homes.

Workload: According to the meticulousness in the recording of information in this project, a load of six interviews in private homes per dozen has been defined for each interviewer. The number of interviews may decrease or increase according to several factors: non-response, recovery from non-response, or additional households.

Geographic coverage

National and at the state level - Urban area: localities with 2,500 or more inhabitants - Rural area: localities with less than 2,500 inhabitants

Analysis unit

The household, the dwelling and the members of the household

Universe

The survey is aimed at households in the national territory

Kind of data

Probabilistic household survey

Sampling procedure

The design of the subsample for ENIGH-2022 is characterized by being probabilistic; Consequently, the results obtained from the survey are generalized to the entire population of the study domain, in turn it is two-stage, stratified and by clusters, where the ultimate unit of selection is the dwelling and the unit of observation is the household.

The ENIGH-2022 subsample was selected from the 2012 INEGI master sample, this master sample was designed and selected from the 2012 Master Sampling Framework (Marco Maestro de Muestreo (MMM)) which was made up of housing clusters called Primary Sampling Units (PSUs or Unidades Primarias de Muestreo (UPM)), built from the cartographic and demographic information obtained from the 2010 Population and Housing Census. The master sample allows the selection of subsamples for all housing surveys carried out by INEGI; Its design is probabilistic, stratified, single-stage and by clusters, since it is in them that the dwellings that make up the subsamples of the different surveys were selected in a second stage. The design of the MMM was built as follows:

Formation of the primary sampling units (PSUs) First, the set of PSUs that will cover the national territory is built. The primary sampling units are made up of groups of dwellings with differentiated characteristics depending on the area to which they belong, as specified below:

In high urban areas The minimum size of a PSU is 80 inhabited dwellings and the maximum is 160. They can be made up of: · A block · The union of two or more contiguous blocks of the same AGEB. · The union of two or more contiguous blocks of different AGEBs in the same locality. · The union of two or more contiguous blocks of different localities, which belong to the same size of locality.

In urban complement The minimum size of a PSU is 160 inhabited homes and the maximum is 300. They can be made up of: · A block. · The union of two or more contiguous blocks of the same AGEB · The union of two or more contiguous blocks of different AGEBs in the same locality. · The union of two or more contiguous blocks of different AGEBs and localities, but of the same municipality.

In rural areas The minimum size of a PSU is 160 inhabited homes and the maximum is 300. They can be made up of: · An AGEB. · Part of an AGEB. · The union of two or more adjoining AGEBs in the same municipality. · The union of an AGEB with a part of another adjoining AGEB in the same municipality.

In this way, each PSU was classified into a single geographical and a sociodemographic stratum. As a result, a total of 683 strata were obtained throughout the country.

The sample size for the ENIGH 2022 was calculated at the Entity level with urban and rural scope considering the variables and non-response rates mentioned above.

At the Entity level in the urban area, in the case of the variable Quarterly Average Current Income, there is a variation between 31 554.58 and 91 003.53, with a variance that isthe between 609 706 543.70 and 570 110 356 234.59, and a design effect that fluctuates between 1.09 and 4.24.

At the Entity level with a rural environment, the variable Quarterly Average Current Income varies between 14 115.33 and 44 778.03, with a variance that ranges between 156 406 519.01 and 12 108 216 477.28, and a design effect that fluctuates between 1.00 and 9.43. Annex C presents the sample sizes for urban and rural entity areas.

Integrating the sample sizes at the national level, there is a sample size of 105,525 households, which guarantees an error of 4.485% at the national level for the variable average quarterly current income.

Sampling deviation

The ENIGH 2022, were raised in a national sample of 105,525 selected homes.

The sample allows information to be obtained at the national level, with a breakdown for localities of 2,500 and more inhabitants and localities of less than 2,500 inhabitants.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Six collection instruments will be used for the collection of information in each household, four of which concentrate information on the household as a whole.

These are: - Household and housing questionnaire - Household expenditure questionnaires - Daily expenditure booklet

In the other three, individual information is recorded for people - Questionnaire for people aged 12 and over - Questionnaire for people under 12 years of age - Questionnaire for household businesses

Cleaning

This profile presents information from the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) for various levels of geography, including provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas/census agglomerations, census divisions, census subdivisions, census tracts and federal electoral districts. NHS data topics include: Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity; Aboriginal Peoples; Education and Labour; Mobility and Migration; Language of work; Income and Housing.

The National Household Travel Survey provides information to assist transportation planners and policy makers who need comprehensive data on travel and transportation patterns in the United States

Abstract

The 2019/20 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) is the seventh in a series of national household surveys that Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has undertaken. The survey collected information on socio-economic characteristics at both household and community levels. The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households for monitoring Uganda's development performance of key indicators in the various sectors. The 2019/20 UNHS comprises four (4) modules. Those are the Socio-Economic, Labour Force, Community, and Market price modules. The main findings are based on the four modules and include trends of several indicators on Education, Health, Household Expenditure and Poverty, Food security, Income and loans, Information and Communication Technology, Vulnerable Groups, Community Characteristics and Non-crop household enterprises, presented at national, rural-urban, regional and sub-regional levels. The survey collected much more information besides what has been included in the main findings. Therefore, UBOS calls upon all stakeholders to utilize the wealth of data collected and availed over the years to undertake in-depth empirical analysis so as to better inform future policy debate.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

The UNHS 2016/17 had the following units of analysis: individuals, housheholds, and communities.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all currently employed and unemployed persons aged 5 years and above, resident in the household.

Sampling procedure

Sampling Design The Uganda National Household Survey 2019/20 (UNHS VI1 will be seventh survey of its kind in Uganda following the one implemented in 2019/2017. The survey calls for a nationally representative sample of 14480 households from 1448 sample clusters. It is designed to collect high quality and timely data on demographic, social and economic characteristics of the household population to monitor international and national development frameworks. The survey is designed to produce representative estimates for the poverty indicators for the country as a whole, for the urban and rural areas separately, for each of the 15 geo-regions. The definition of the geo-regions and the study domains are given in section 2. In addition to the geo-regions, the survey indicators will be produced for the following areas: The Island, The Greater Kampala areas, PRDP.

Sampling Frame The sampling frame used for UNHS VII is the frame for the Uganda Population and Housing Census which conducted on August 2014 (UPHC 2014). The sampling frame is a complete list of census Enumeration Areas (EA) created for the census covering the whole country, consisting of 78,692EAs (excluding Refugees, forests and forest reserves and institutional population). Currently in Uganda there are 128 districts, each districts is sub-divided into Sub County, and each sub country into parish, and each parish into villages and then Enumeration areas. The frame file contains the administrative belongings for each EA and its number of households at the time of the census operation. Each EA has also a designated residence type, urban or rural. According to 2014 Population and Housing Census, an EA was either a village or part of the village. EAs with less than 50 households were linked to others EAs by GIS section so that the primary sampling units are not very small. The allocation of clusters (EA) per sub-region will be relatively equal across domains. The allocation per domain will be well balanced and small changes in the allocation will not affect the precision of estimates. The 2200 selected households should result in about 2000 households successfully interviewed. The sample will be selected independently from each stratum using probability proportional to size. The country currently has 134districts and 12 Cities, these are grouped into the following 15 sub-regions:

1. Kampala: Kampala
2. Buganda South: Butambala, Gomba, Mpigi, Bukomansimbi, Kalangala, Kalungu, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Masaka, Rakai, Sembabule, Wakiso, Kyotera, Masaka City
3. Buganda North: Buikwe, Buvuma, Kayunga, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Luwero, Mityana, Mubende, Mukono, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Kassanda
4. Busoga: Bugiri, Namutumba, Buyende, Iganga, Jinja, Kaliro, Kamuli, Luuka, Mayuge, Namayingo, Bugweri, Jinja City
5. Bukedi: Budaka, Butaleja, Kibuku, Pallisa, Toororo, Busia, Butebo
6. Egon: Bulambuli, Kapchorwa, Kween, Bududa, Manafwa, Mbale, Sironko, Bukwo, Namisindwa, Mbale City
7. Teso: Amuria, Bukedea, Katakwi, Kumi, Ngora, Soroti, Kaberamaido, Serere, Kapelebyong
8. Lango: Alebtong, Amolatar, Dokolo, Lira, Otuke, Apac, Kole, Oyam, Kwania, Lira City
9. Acholi: Agago, Amuru, Gulu, , Lamwo, Pader,Kitgum ,Nwoya, Gulu City
10. Karamoja: Abim, Amudat, Kaabong, Kotido, Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Napak, Nabilatuk
11. West Nile: Adjumani, Arua, Koboko, Maracha, Moyo, Nebbi, Yumbe, Zombo, Pakwach, Obongi, Terego, Arua City
12. Tooro: Bundibugyo, Kabarole, Kasese, NTooroko, Kyenjojo, Kamwenge, Kyegegwa, Bunyangabu, Fort portal City
13. Bunyoro: Buliisa, Hoima, , Kibaale, Kiryandongo, Masindi, Kikuube, Hoima City, KItagwenda
14. Ankole: Buhweju, Bushenyi, Ibanda, Isingiro, Kiruhura, Mbarara, Mitooma, Ntungamo, Rubirizi, Sheema, Mbarara City, Rwampara, Kazo
15. Kigezi: Kabale, Kisoro, Kanungu, Rukungiri, Rukiga

Mode of data collection

Data collection The survey collected data on food, drinks and beverage consumption using a seven-day recall period on the four major food sources22. Information was collected both in terms of expenditures and quantities, except for food consumed away from home only having the expenditure recorded. To ensure the accuracy of the information provided by respondents, data on food quantities was collected in local units of measurement. Conversion factors were then used to transform local units of measurement into standard metric units of quantity derived from the market survey conducted during the survey. Macronutrients and micronutrient values were mainly derived from the recent "Food Composition Table for Central and Eastern Uganda" (Harvest-Plus 2012)23.

Abstract

The Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) was carried out to collect high quality data on key outcome indicators such as poverty, service delivery, employment and to monitor government's development programs like the National Development Plan (NDP) on an annual basis. The 2010/11 survey collected information on socio-economic characteristics at household, individual and community levels.The UNPS 2010/11 was comprised of six modules: the Socio-Economic, Woman, Agriculture, Fisheries, Community and Market Price modules. The survey covered 3,200 households that were scientifically selected and followed for re-interview in 2009/10 and 2010/11.

The objectives of the survey were: 1) To provide information required for monitoring the NDP and other development objectives like the JAF, MDGs as well as specific programs such as the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) among others. 2) To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level as well as annual consumption expenditure estimates to monitor poverty in years between Uganda National Household Surveys (UNHS). 3) To supply regular data on agriculture in order to characterize and monitor the performance of the agricultural sector.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Communities

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2010/11 UNPS survey maintained the 2009/10 UNPS sample design where all the households that were sampled for Wave I (2009/10) were tracked and re-interviewed in Wave II (2010/11).

Out of the 7,400 households interviewed during the UNHS 2005/06, 3,200 households were selected for the UNPS and the same sample was maintained in both 2009/10 and 2010/11 Panel surveys. During data collection, the population of persons interviewed in Wave II was slightly higher than that of Wave I due to the following reasons:

1. About 20 households that had initially been missed in Wave I were found and successfully interviewed in Wave II.
2. Changes in household composition contributed to the increase in the number of persons that were added to the panel. Most importantly, if a household member split-off from his/her original household (e.g. children leaving home to set up their own household,or a couple separates), all the new households were included/ joined the panel. Inclusion of split-offs was the main way in which panel surveys, maintain sample representativeness over the years. The new households formed are known as Split-off households while the individuals are termed as Movers.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

To suit its multiple objectives, the UNPS was comprised of a set of survey instruments. These were the following questionnaires: 1. Agriculture Questionnaire (administered to the subset of UNPS households engaged in agricultural activities) 2. Household Questionnaire 3. Community Questionnaire

Response rate

84%

The ENAHO study is a household survey conducted by Peru’s National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), aimed at monitoring the living conditions, economic activity, health, education, and social well-being of the Peruvian population. As of 2024, it includes over 36,000 households across urban and rural regions of Peru. It began in 1997 and has been conducted continuously since then. Households are recruited through probabilistic stratified sampling and are followed up on an annual basis.

Abstract

The Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 1995-96 like the earlier household surveys covered the entire country. Subject-wise the survey collected data on area and outputs of major crops grown by households along with socio-economic aspects including child-health and mother care. UNHS also included a community survey collecting information on markets and prices and other infrastructure and facilities available for the residents at RC1 level.

The objectives of the survey was as follows: a) To plan, design and conduct a national household crop farming survey and to prepare reports thereon providing estimates of area and output of major crops on a continuing annual basis; b) To integrate monitoring socio-economic household and community surveys in the total programme to provide integrated dataset to understand the mechanisms and effects of structural adjustments and other policy measures on a continuing basis. c) To meet the data-needs of users in the National Council of Children, UNICEF, Ministry of Health and others to monitor the progress of project activities aimed towards improvement of child-health and mother-care; d) To fill-in gaps in socio-economic data to serve needs of planning for social and economic indicators to serve needs of planning for social and economic development of the country; and e) To consolidate efforts made in building permanent national household survey capability in the Statistical Department of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Major crop
• Community

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of UNHS is stratified multi-stage sampling. Each district is a separate stratum with further sub-stratification as district-town, other urban areas and rural areas. There are a total of 103 strata. In rural areas further stratifications by crop-types and grouping sub-countries in a district growing similar major crops had been done.

(Refer to Chapter 2 (Sampling Design on UNHS, 1995-96) of "Manual of Instructions to Field Workers" survey document for detail sampling procedure)

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey have four questionnaires namely: i) Listing questionnaire; ii) Crop-survey questionnaire; iii) Socio-economic survey questionnaire; and iv) Community questionnaire

Listing Questionnaire is meant for preparation of comprehensive lists of households and selection of a sample of households in selected EAs. The Cop-Survey Questionnaire collected data on household characteristics including education and health of the members of the household and on employment, areas and outputs of the crop-farming activity of household. Through the Socio-economic Survey Questionnaire, important socio-economic data relating to household and its members, collected. Community Survey Questionnaire collected community level data.

Abstract

The Household Income and Expenditure Survey (NHIES) 2009 was a survey collecting data on income, consumption and expenditure patterns of households, in accordance with methodological principles of statistical enquiries, which were linked to demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households. A Household Income and expenditure Survey was the sole source of information on expenditure, consumption and income patterns of households, which was used to calculate poverty and income distribution indicators. It also served as a statistical infrastructure for the compilation of the national basket of goods used to measure changes in price levels. It was also used for updating the national accounts.

The main objective of the NHIES 2009-2010 was to comprehensively describe the levels of living of Namibians using actual patterns of consumption and income, as well as a range of other socio-economic indicators based on collected data. This survey was designed to inform policy making at the international, national and regional levels within the context of the Fourth National Development Plan, in support of monitoring and evaluation of Vision 2030 and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's). The NHIES was designed to provide policy decision making with reliable estimates at regional levels as well as to meet rural - urban disaggregation requirements.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Individuals
• Households

Universe

Every week of the four weeks period of a survey round all persons in the household were asked if they spent at least 4 nights of the week in the household. Any person who spent at least 4 nights in the household was taken as having spent the whole week in the household. To qualify as a household member a person must have stayed in the household for at least two weeks out of four weeks.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The targeted population of NHIES 2009-2010 was the private households of Namibia. The population living in institutions, such as hospitals, hostels, police barracks and prisons were not covered in the survey. However, private households residing within institutional settings were covered. The sample design for the survey was a stratified two-stage probability sample, where the first stage units were geographical areas designated as the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and the second stage units were the households. The PSUs were based on the 2001 Census EAs and the list of PSUs serves as the national sample frame. The urban part of the sample frame was updated to include the changes that take place due to rural to urban migration and the new developments in housing. The sample frame is stratified first by region followed by urban and rural areas within region. In urban areas, further stratification is carried out by level of living which is based on geographic location and housing characteristics. The first stage units were selected from the sampling frame of PSUs and the second stage units were selected from a current list of households within each selected PSU, which was compiled just before the interviews.

PSUs were selected using probability proportional to size sampling coupled with the systematic sampling procedure where the size measure was the number of households within the PSU in the 2001 Population and Housing Census (PHC). The households were selected from the current list of households using systematic sampling procedure.

The sample size was designed to achieve reliable estimates at the region level and for urban and rural areas within each region. However, the actual sample sizes in urban or rural areas within some of the regions may not satisfy the expected precision levels for certain characteristics. The final sample consists of 10 660 households in 533 PSUs. The selected PSUs were randomly allocated to the 13 survey rounds.

Sampling deviation

All the expected sample of 533 PSUs was covered. However, a number of originally selected PSUs had to be substituted by new ones due to the following reasons.

Urban areas: Movement of people for resettlement in informal settlement areas from one place to another caused a selected PSU to be empty of households.

Rural areas: In addition to Caprivi region (where one constituency is generally flooded every year) Ohangwena and Oshana regions were badly affected from an unusual flood situation. Although this situation was generally addressed by interchanging the PSUs between survey rounds still some PSUs were under water close to the end of the survey period.

There were five empty PSUs in the urban areas of Hardap (1), Karas (3) and Omaheke (1) regions. Since these PSUs were found in the low strata within the urban areas of the relevant regions the substituting PSUs were selected from the same strata. The PSUs under water were also five in rural areas of Caprivi (1), Ohangwena (2) and Oshana (2) regions. Wherever possible the substituting PSUs were selected from the same constituency where the original PSU was selected. If not, the selection was carried out from the rural stratum of the particular region.

One sampled PSU in urban area of Khomas region (Windhoek city) had grown so large that it had to be split into 7 PSUs. This was incorporated into the geographical information system (GIS) and one PSU out of the seven was selected for the survey. In one PSU in Erongo region only fourteen households were listed and one in Omusati region listed only eleven households. All these households were interviewed and no additional selection was done to cover for the loss in sample.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The instruments for data collection were as in the previous survey the questionnaires and manuals. Form I questionnaire collected demographic and socio-economic information of household members, such as: sex, age, education, employment status among others. It also collected information on household possessions like animals, land, housing, household goods, utilities, household income and expenditure, etc.

Form II or the Daily Record Book is a diary for recording daily household transactions. A book was administered to each sample household each week for four consecutive weeks (survey round). Households were asked to record transactions, item by item, for all expenditures and receipts, including incomes and gifts received or given out. Own produce items were also recorded. Prices of items from different outlets were also collected in both rural and urban areas. The price collection was needed to supplement information from areas where price collection for consumer price indices (CPI) does not currently take place.

Cleaning operations

The data capturing process was undertaken in the following ways: Form 1 was scanned, interpreted and verified using the “Scan”, “Interpret” & “Verify” modules of the Eyes & Hands software respectively. Some basic checks were carried out to ensure that each PSU was valid and every household was unique. Invalid characters were removed. The scanned and verified data was converted into text files using the “Transfer” module of the Eyes & Hands. Finally, the data was transferred to a SQL database for further processing, using the “TranScan” application. The Daily Record Books (DRB or form 2) were manually entered after the scanned data had been transferred to the SQL database. The reason was to ensure that all DRBs were linked to the correct Form 1, i.e. each household's Form 1 was linked to the corresponding Daily Record Book. In total, 10 645 questionnaires (Form 1), comprising around 500 questions each, were scanned and close to one million transactions from the Form 2 (DRBs) were manually captured.

Response rate

Household response rate: Total number of responding households and non-responding households and the reason for non-response are shown below. Non-contacts and incomplete forms, which were rejected due to a lot of missing data in the questionnaire, at 3.4 and 4.0 percent, respectively, formed the largest part of non-response. At the regional level Erongo, Khomas, and Kunene reported the lowest response rate and Caprivi and Kavango the highest.

Data appraisal

To be able to compare with the previous survey in 2003/2004 and to follow up the development of the country, methodology and definitions were kept the same. Comparisons between the surveys can be found in the different chapters in this report. Experiences from the previous survey gave valuable input to this one and the data collection was improved to avoid earlier experienced errors. Also, some additional questions in the questionnaire helped to confirm the accuracy of reported data. During the data cleaning process it turned out, that some households had difficulty to separate their household consumption from their business consumption when recording their daily transactions in DRB. This was in particular applicable for the guest farms, the number of which has shown a big increase during the past five years. All households with extreme high consumption were examined manually and business transactions were recorded and separated from private consumption.

Abstract

The UNPS aims at producing annual estimates in key policy areas; and providing a platform for experimenting with and assessing national policies and programs. Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include:

1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and General Budget Support, and also to provide information for the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production);

2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level as well as information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates annually; to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS);

3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante-natal and post-natal care, and assess the effect of subsidies on agricultural inputs among others;

4. To provide a framework for policy oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review; and

5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of national household surveys.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The study describes (including but not limited to):

• Household

• Individual

• Parcel

• Plot

• Community

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The UNPS is carried out over a twelve-month period (a “wave”) on a nationally representative sample of households, for the purpose of accommodating the seasonality associated with the composition of and expenditures on consumption. The survey is conducted in two visits in order to better capture agricultural outcomes associated with the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNPS therefore interviews each household twice in a year, in visits approximately six months apart.

In 2009/10, the UNPS set out to track and interview 3,123 households that were distributed over 322 Enumeration Areas (EAs), selected out of 783 EAs that had been visited during the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) in 2005/06. The distribution of the EAs covered by the 2009/10 UNPS was such that it included all 34 EAs in Kampala District, and 72 EAs (58 rural and 14 urban) in each of the other regions i.e. Central excluding Kampala, Eastern, Western and Northern which make up the strata.

Within each stratum, the EAs were selected with equal probability with implicit stratification by urban/rural and district (in this order). However, the probabilities of selection for the rural portions of ten districts that had been oversampled by the UNHS 2005/06 were adjusted accordingly. Since most IDP (Internally Displaced People) camps in the Northern region are currently unoccupied, the EAs that constituted IDP camps were not part of the UNPS sample. This allocation allows for reliable estimates at the national, rural-urban and regional levels i.e. at level of strata representativeness which includes: (i) Kampala City, (ii) Other Urban Areas, (iii) Central Rural, (iv) Eastern Rural, (v) Western Rural, and (vi) Northern Rural.

In the UNPS 2010/11, the concept of Clusters instead of EAs was introduced. A cluster represents a group of households that are within a particular geographical area up to parish level. This was done due to split-off households that fell outside the selected EAs but could still be reached and interviewed if they still resided within the same parish as the selected EA. Consequently, in each subsequent survey wave, a subset of individuals was selected for tracking.

The UNPS is part of the long term Census and Household Survey Program hence questionnaires and the timing of data collection are coordinated with the current surveys and census implemented by UBOS.

SAMPLE REFRESH

Starting with the UNPS 2013/14 (Wave 4) fieldwork, one third of the initial UNPS sample was refreshed with the intention to balance the advantages and shortcomings of panel surveys. Each new household will be visited for three consecutive waves, while baseline households will have a longer history of five or six years, given the start time of the sample refresh. This same sample was used for the UNPS 2015/16 (Wave 5)

Once a steady state is reached, each household will be visited for three consecutive years, and at any given time one third of the households will be new, one third will be visited for the second time, and one third for the third (and last) time. The total sample will never be too different from a representative cross-section of the country, yet two-thirds of it will be a panel with a background of a year or two.

New households were identified using the updated sample frames developed by the UBOS in 2013 as part of the preparations for the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The UNPS had six questionnaires namely: Household Questionnaire; Woman Questionnaire; Agriculture & Livestock Questionnaire; Fisheries Questionnaire; Community Questionnaire and Market Questionnaire. Each of these questionnaires is divided into a number of sections and the number of questions in each section varies accordingly.

It should be noted that in 2013/14, 2015/16 and 2018/19, all questionnaires were administered using the CAPI software except the Fisheries and Market Questionnaires which were not administered.

Abstract

Panel data possess several advantages over conventional cross-sectional and time-series data, including their power to isolate the effects of specific actions, treatments, and general policies often at the core of large-scale econometric development studies. While the concept of panel data alone provides the capacity for modeling the complexities of human behavior, the notion of universal panel data – in which time- and situation-driven variances leading to variations in tools, and thus results, are mitigated – can further enhance exploitation of the richness of panel information.

The Basic Information Document (BID) provides a brief overview of the Nigerian General Household Survey (GHS) but focuses primarily on the theoretical development and application of panel data, as well as key elements of the universal panel survey instrument and datasets generated by the four rounds of the GHS. As the BID does not describe in detail the background, development, or use of the GHS itself, the wave-specific GHS BIDs should supplement the information provided here.

The Nigeria Universal Panel Data (NUPD) consists of both survey instruments and datasets from the two survey visits of the GHS - Post-Planting (PP) and Post-Harvest (PH) - meticulously aligned and engineered with the aim of facilitating the use of and improving access to the wealth of panel data offered by the GHS. The NUPD provides a consistent and straightforward means of conducting user-driven analyses using convenient, standardized tools.

The design of the NUPD combines the four completed Waves of the GHS Household Post-Planting and Post-Harvest Surveys – Wave 1 (2010/11), Wave 2 (2012/13), Wave 3 (2015/16), and Wave 4 (2018/19) – into pooled, module-specific survey instruments and datasets. The panel survey instruments offer the ease of comparability over time, with modifications and variances easily identifiable as well as those aspects of the questionnaire which have remained identical and offer consistent information. By providing all module-specific data over time within compact, pooled datasets, panel datasets eliminate the need for user-generated merges between rounds and present data in a clear, logical format, increasing both the usability and comprehension of complex data.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

The survey covered all de jure households excluding prisons, hospitals, military barracks, and school dormitories.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Please see the GHS BIDs for each round for detailed descriptions of the sample design used in each round and their respective implementation efforts as this is a compilation of datasets from all previous waves.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The larger GHS-Panel project consists of three questionnaires (Household Questionnaire, Agriculture Questionnaire, Community Questionnaire) for each of the two visits (Post-Planting and Post-Harvest). The GHS-NUPD only consists of the Household Questionnaire.

GHS-Panel Household Questionnaire: The Household Questionnaire provides information on demographics; education; health (including anthropometric measurement for children); labor; food and non-food expenditure; household nonfarm income-generating activities; food security and shocks; safety nets; housing conditions; assets; information and communication technology; and other sources of household income.

The Household Questionnaire is slightly different for the two visits. Some information was collected only in the post-planting visit, some only in the post-harvest visit, and some in both visits.

Cleaning operations

Please see the GHS BIDs for each round for detailed descriptions of data editing and additional data processing efforts as this is a compilation of datasets from all previous waves.