The NLSY97 standalone data files are intended to be used by crime researchers for analyses without requiring supplementation from the main NLSY97 data set. The data contain age-based calendar year variables on arrests and incarcerations, self-reported criminal activity, substance use, demographic variables and relevant variables from other domains which are created using the NLSY97 data. The main NLSY97 data are available for public use and can be accessed online at the NLS Investigator Web site and at the NACJD Web site (as ICPSR 3959). Questionnaires, user guides and other documentation are available at the same links. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) was designed by the United States Department of Labor, comprising the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) Series. Created to be representative of United States residents in 1997 who were born between the years of 1980 and 1984, the NLSY97 documents the transition from school to work experienced by today's youths through data collection from 1997. The majority of the oldest cohort members (age 16 as of December 31, 1996) were still in school during the first survey round and the youngest respondents (age 12) had not yet entered the labor market.

Since the mid-1960s, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has sponsored several longitudinal surveys to track the behavior of various segments of the population in the labor market. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) is part of this s

NLSY97 follows the lives of a sample of American youth born between 1980-1984 first interviewed in 1997. This ongoing cohort has been surveyed 20 times by 2022, and continues to be interviewed biennially. Two subsamples comprise the cohort: one which was designed to be representative of people living in the United States during the initial survey round and another designed to oversample individuals who are Black and Hispanic or Latino.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. This study is an analysis of 13 waves of data retrieved from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 survey (NLSY97) in order to examine the influence of marriage on immigrant offending trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. There were three specific research questions considered: Are second generation immigrants entering into marriage at a slower pace than their first generation immigrant peers? What role does marriage play in understanding immigrant offending? Is the relationship between marriage and offending affected by immigrant generation or country/region of birth (i.e., nativity)? Distributed here is the code used for the secondary analysis and the code to compile the datasets.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Mitchell Marecki

Contents

PurposeAlthough existing research has generated a wealth of information related to employment for individuals with disabilities, a major limitation is that common measurements of employment do not fully capture the scope of the optimal outcome specified in public policies, namely, competitive integrated employment. Therefore, we aimed to describe the change and stability in multiple aspects of employment for youth with disabilities from high school age to mid-30s under the structural equation modeling framework.MethodsWe identified a sample of 1,921 youth with disabilities who were at least 18 years old in 2003 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth– 1997. We estimated a series of latent growth curve models to assess trajectories of job quality, indicated by hourly pay, and stability, indicated by weekly work hours, over a period of 15 years.ResultsTrajectories of job quality and stability did not covary or load on a common factor, but there was substantial variability within the sample in both the intercept and slope of these two constructs, which were best captured by a cubic growth curve, and partially explained by health condition and several demographic variables.ConclusionsCompetitive integrated employment comprises of multiple components which should ideally be considered along a time dimension. Future studies need to assess validity of the measurement model with a different sample and incorporate another important component of competitive integrated employment, that is, whether work is carried out at an integrated setting.

PurposeAlthough existing research has generated a wealth of information related to employment for individuals with disabilities, a major limitation is that common measurements of employment do not fully capture the scope of the optimal outcome specified in public policies, namely, competitive integrated employment. Therefore, we aimed to describe the change and stability in multiple aspects of employment for youth with disabilities from high school age to mid-30s under the structural equation modeling framework.MethodsWe identified a sample of 1,921 youth with disabilities who were at least 18 years old in 2003 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth– 1997. We estimated a series of latent growth curve models to assess trajectories of job quality, indicated by hourly pay, and stability, indicated by weekly work hours, over a period of 15 years.ResultsTrajectories of job quality and stability did not covary or load on a common factor, but there was substantial variability within the sample in both the intercept and slope of these two constructs, which were best captured by a cubic growth curve, and partially explained by health condition and several demographic variables.ConclusionsCompetitive integrated employment comprises of multiple components which should ideally be considered along a time dimension. Future studies need to assess validity of the measurement model with a different sample and incorporate another important component of competitive integrated employment, that is, whether work is carried out at an integrated setting.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. This study examines several explanations for the observed racial/ethnic disparities in drug arrests, the consequences of drug arrest on subsequent drug offending and social bonding, and whether these consequences vary by race/ethnicity. The study is a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97). Distributed here are the codes used for the secondary analysis and the code to compile the datasets. Please refer to the codebook appendix for instructions on how to obtain all the data used in this study.

This paper quantitatively characterizes the code of the street from the sociology literature, using the nationally-representative National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 data set to investigate how black young males alter their behavior when living in violent neighborhoods. An astounding 26 percent of black males in the United States report seeing someone shot before turning 12. Conditional on reported exposure to violence, black and white young males are equally likely to engage in violent behavior. Black males' education and labor market outcomes are much worse when reporting exposure to violence; these gaps persist in estimated models controlling for many patterns of selection.

PurposeAlthough existing research has generated a wealth of information related to employment for individuals with disabilities, a major limitation is that common measurements of employment do not fully capture the scope of the optimal outcome specified in public policies, namely, competitive integrated employment. Therefore, we aimed to describe the change and stability in multiple aspects of employment for youth with disabilities from high school age to mid-30s under the structural equation modeling framework.MethodsWe identified a sample of 1,921 youth with disabilities who were at least 18 years old in 2003 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth– 1997. We estimated a series of latent growth curve models to assess trajectories of job quality, indicated by hourly pay, and stability, indicated by weekly work hours, over a period of 15 years.ResultsTrajectories of job quality and stability did not covary or load on a common factor, but there was substantial variability within the sample in both the intercept and slope of these two constructs, which were best captured by a cubic growth curve, and partially explained by health condition and several demographic variables.ConclusionsCompetitive integrated employment comprises of multiple components which should ideally be considered along a time dimension. Future studies need to assess validity of the measurement model with a different sample and incorporate another important component of competitive integrated employment, that is, whether work is carried out at an integrated setting.

The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) 1996 uses the Labour Force Survey sampling frame to draw a sample of approximately 20,000 households. The sample is distributed over four quarterly collection periods. In each household, some limited information is collected from all household members and one person in each household is randomly selected for a more in-depth interview. The questionnaire includes content related to health status, use of health services determinants of health and a range of demographic and economic information. For example, the health status information includes self-perception of health, a health status index, chronic conditions, and activity restrictions. The use of health services is probed through visits to health care providers, both traditional and non-traditional, and the use of drugs and other medications. Health determinants include smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and a special focus in the second cycle of the survey was access to services with questions on preventative tests and examinations probing for frequency, reasons for use or non-use and barriers encountered. The demographic and economic information includes age, sex, education, ethnicity, household income and labour force status. The NPHS data for 96 are stored in two different data sets. Some information was collected from all household members. This information is stored in the General file. From each household, one person, aged 12 years and over, was selected to answer a more in-depth questionnaire related to health. These data are stored on the Health file. Each record on the General file corresponds to a household member. The General file carries the socio-demographic variables as well as health utilisation variables. There are 210,377 records and 173 variables in the General file. The Health file contains 81,804 records and 944 variables Data between the files can be linked using the variable recno. Note: This data is also linked to the National Longitudinal Survey of Children. The target population of the NPHS includes household residents in all provinces, with the principal exclusion of populations on Indian Reserves, Canadian Forces Bases and some remote areas in Quebec and Ontario. The longitudinal sample for 1996-1997 consists of all longitudinal respondents chosen in cycle 1 who had completed at least the general component of the questionnaire in 1994-95. This included 2,022 persons who were under the age of 12 in cycle 1 (previously interviewed as part of the 1994-95 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) who were included in the NPHS sample for 1996-1997). The 1996-97 NPHS was collected mainly by telephone whereas the previous cycle was collected primarily by personal interview. Three factors shaped the design of the household component sample: the targeted national and provincial/territorial sample sizes; the decision to select one member per household to make up the longitudinal panel; the choice of the redesigned LFS as a vehicle for selecting the sample.The NPHS was budgeted for a sample size of 19,600 households. It was further agreed among national and provincial representatives that each province needed a minimum of 1,200 households. Collection for the core sample was divided into four quarters (June, August and November 1996, and February 1997). The interviewers are part-time employees hired and trained specially to carry out surveys using the computer-assisted interviewing method. An additional collection was held in June 1997 with further tracing attempts of non-respondents from previous quarters.

This paper develops and estimates an individual model of occupational choice and learning that allows for correlated learning across occupation-specific abilities. As an individual learns about their occupation-specific ability in one occupation, this experience will be broadly informative about their abilities in all occupations. Workers continually process their entire history of information, which they use to determine when to change careers, as well as which new career to go to. Endogenizing information in this manner has been computationally prohibitive in the past. I estimate the model in an innovative way using the Expectation and Maximization (EM) algorithm. The model is estimated on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. The estimates suggest that both direct and indirect learning play an important role in early career wage growth, with those with the lowest levels of education achieving the largest increases.

Project Overview Adolescence is a critical period for political development. Different political attitudes, political behaviors, and political interests tend to develop during adolescence and persist into adulthood. Welfare participation is associated with lower political participation and pessimistic views of politics among adults, yet we have not uncovered the extent to which welfare participation in adolescence affects political outcomes in adulthood. This project aims to address the disconnect in the literature between what we know about the effects of welfare program experiences and what we know about individual political development. Data and Data Collection Overview The broader project relied on both qualitative and quantitative data, including secondary data from the American National Election Studies (ANES), the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) cohort, and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), which are not included here. The original data collected by the depositing researcher are included, as described below. The qualitative data included a focus group with seven participants and individual interviews with 30 other individuals recruited by the researcher. Interviews were chosen so that participants could be more comfortable sharing personal experiences in a private setting. This data collection technique also allowed the researcher to keep conversations on topic and to ask probing and follow-up questions more easily. The focus group technique was chosen to provide for interactions among the participants involved, thus allowing participants to react to each other’s experiences and comments, and going beyond top-of-mind themes for any one participant. Participants in Round 1 (including those in the focus group and individual interviews) and Round 2 were recruited from the undergraduate student body at a large midwestern public university (N=7), as well as from a local community college (N=13). They were recruited through IRB-approved mass emails to the undergraduate student bodies. Participants in the Round 3 data collection (N=10) were recruited from the sample of Qualtrics panel respondents who completed the Adolescent Hardship and Politics Attitudes Survey (AHPAS; more detail below). Among the ten individuals interviewed in Round 3, five were on welfare during their adolescence, and the other five were not on welfare but grew up in poverty. The Round 1 and Round 2 questionnaire data include the pseudonyms that were selected by participants from a list. The participants in Round 3 chose any name they wanted as a pseudonym. A list of Round 3 names chosen is included as documentation, so that they can be paired with the unique ID code that was used as part of the AHPAS survey. There were two key original quantitative data sources. First, the quantitative data included national-level survey data called the Adolescent Hardship and Political Attitudes Survey (AHPAS), fielded by the researcher via Qualtrics Research Services ( https://www.qualtrics.com/support/survey-platform/distributions-module/online-panels/ ). The AHPAS sample consisted of 1,137 respondents recruited by Qualtrics, who were surveyed in January 2025. About half of the sample had experienced means-tested welfare programs during adolescence, while the other half had not been on welfare, but was in poverty during the period. Second, quantitative data were separately derived from a questionnaire about political attitudes and demographic factors that interview participants from the Round 1 and Round 2 qualitative data collection also completed. After receiving IRB approval, a recruitment email was distributed with a screener survey to identify individuals with adolescent welfare program experience. Participants were selected based on the extent of their program experience (indexed in terms of number of programs used), as well as their availability to participate in the focus group or an interview. Participants were offered a $25 gift card incentive for their participation. To protect confidentiality and privacy, participants selected a pseudonym to use in the subsequent focus group The focus group and interview transcripts were analyzed using Atlas.ti. The transcripts were coded by combining deductive and inductive coding approaches. Selection and Organization of Shared Data Data files shared in this deposit include: The de-identified transcripts from the focus group discussion and the three rounds of individual interviews, all labeled with participants’ chosen pseudonyms, along with the researcher-collected questionnaire data from the same participants. The original national-level quantitative data from the AHPAS used for analysis are also shared, in a raw and clean version, in .dta and .csv formats. The Original version has the uncoded variables in it, while in the Clean version, the variables are coded/labeled, although there is no separate codebook. Secondary users who want to...

The National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) is a long-term survey designed to measure child development and well-being. The second cycle, carried out in 1996 and 1997, interviewed parents of the same children as Cycle 1 and provides unique insights into the evolution of children and their family environments over a two-year period. The survey collected informationon children and their families, education, health, development, behaviour, friends, activities, etc. The NLSCY will continue to collect information on these same children every two years as they move into youth and adulthood. Cycle 2 is a cross-sectional file only. There will be no public longitudinal data file due to confidentiality restrictions. Longitudinal analysis can bedone through remote data access.

The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) collects information related to the health of the Canadian population and related socio-demographic information. The NPHS is composed of three components: the household survey, the Health Care Institution Survey and the Northern Territories survey. These Public Use Microdata Files (PUMF) contain data collected in the household component of NPHS Cycle 3, 1998-1999. The NPHS household component includes household residents in all provinces, with the exclusion of populations on Indian Reserves, Canadian Forces Bases and some remote areas in Quebec and Ontario. The first Cycle of data collection began in 1994 and data will be collected every second year, for approximately 20 years in total. Three cycles of collection are now completed for each component: NPHS Cycle 1 (1994-1995), NPHS Cycle 2 (1996-1997) and NPHS Cycle 3 (1998-1999). For the first cycle, a sample of approximately 20,000 households was drawn from the Labour Force Survey sampling frame. For Cycle 3, this frame was also used to select an additional sample of recent immigrants and young children, thus ensuring that the data represent the 1998-1999 Canadian population. NPHS collects general health information from all household members and, in each household, a person, randomly selected during cycle 1 answers a more in-depth interview on health questions. For Cycle 3, approximately 49,000 respondents answered the general portion of the questionnaire while approximately 17,000 answered the more detailed health portion. The questionnaire includes questions related to health status, use of health services, determinants of health, chronic conditions and activity restrictions. The use of health services was measured through questions on visits to health care providers, both traditional and non-traditional, hospital cares and on use of drugs and other medications. Health determinants that are explored include smoking, alcohol use and physical activity. New content for the third Cycle of NPHS includes family medical history, self-care and nutrition. The socio-demographic information collected includes age, sex, education, ethnicity, household income and labour force status. NOTE: A master file for this data set exists at SWORDC - Statistics Canada's Regional Data Centre located at the University of Waterloo. See Documentation section for details. The longitudinal sample for 1998-1999 consists of all longitudinal respondents chosen in cycle 1 who had completed at least the general component of the questionnaire in 1994-95. This included 2,022 persons who were under the age of 12 in cycle 1 (previously interviewed as part of the 1994-95 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) who were included in the NPHS sample for 1996-1997). Units selected in 1994-1995 as part of supplemental buy-in sample were excluded. The core sample selected in 1994-1995 was increased for 1998-1999 cross-sectional estimates. Overall, the cross-sectional sample in cycle 3 was slightly larger than the cycle 1 sample. The NPHS questions were designed for computer-assisted interviewing (CAI). Collection was divided into four quarters (June, August and November 1998 and February 1999). An additional collection was held in June 1999 with further tracing attempts of non-respondents from previous quarters. Respondents in the sample and the top-up sample of households with young children were first contacted by telephone. 95% of the interviews were done by telephone. NPHS collects general information from all household members and, in each household, a person, randomly selected during cycle 1, answers a more in-depth interview on health questions. For cycle 3, approximately 49,000 respondents answered the general portion of the questionnaire while approximately 17,000 answered the more detailed health portion.

The Youth-Parent Socialization Panel Study is a series of surveys designed to assess political continuity and change across time for biologically-related generations and to gauge the impact of life-stage events and historical trends on the behaviors and attitudes of respondents. A national sample of high school seniors and their parents was first surveyed in 1965. Subsequent surveys of the same individuals were conducted in 1973, 1982, and 1997. This data collection combines all four waves of youth data for the study. The general objective of the data collection was to study the dynamics of political attitudes and behaviors by obtaining data on the same individuals as they aged from approximately 18 years of age in 1965 to 50 years of age in 1997. Especially when combined with other elements of the study as released in other ICPSR collections in the Youth Studies Series, this data collection facilitates the analysis of generational, life cycle, and historical effects and political influences on relationships within the family. This data collection also has several distinctive properties. First, it is a longitudinal study of a particular cohort, a national sample from the graduating high school class of 1965. Second, it captures the respondents at key points in their life stages -- at ages 18, 26, 35, and 50. Third, the dataset contains many replicated measures over time as well as some measures unique to each data point. Fourth, there is detailed information about the respondents' life histories. Background variables include age, sex, religious orientation, level of religious participation, marital status, ethnicity, educational status and background, place of residence, family income, and employment status.

The first goal of this study was to identify the most appropriate measure of cigarette smoking for identifying unique smoking trajectories among adolescents; the second goal was to describe the resulting trajectories and their characteristics. Using 15 annual waves of smoking data in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we conducted an exploratory latent class growth analysis to determine the best of four outcome variables for yearly smoking (cigarettes per day on days smoked, days smoked per month, mean cigarettes per day, and total cigarettes per month) among individuals aged 12 to 30 (n = 8,791). Days smoked per month was the best outcome variable for identifying unique longitudinal trajectories of smoking and characteristics of these trajectories that could be used to target different types of smokers for prevention and cessation. Objective statistics were used to identify four trajectories in addition to never smokers (34.1%): experimenters (13.6%), quitters (8.1%), early established smokers (39.0%), and late escalators (5.2%). We identified a quitter and late escalator class not identified in the only other comparable latent class growth analysis. Logistic regressions were used to identify the characteristics of individuals in each trajectory. Compared with never smokers, all trajectories except late escalators were less likely to be black; experimenters were more likely to be out of school and unemployed and drink alcohol in adolescence; quitters were more likely to have a mother with a high school degree/GED or higher (versus none) and to use substances in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as a young adult; early established smokers were more likely to have a mother with a high school diploma or GED, be out of school and unemployed, not live with both parents, have used substances, be depressed, and have peers who smoked in adolescence and to have children as young adults and less likely to be Hispanic and to have ever married as young adults; and late escalators were more likely to be Hispanic, drink alcohol, and break rules in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as young adults. Because of the number of waves of data analyzed, this analysis provided a clearer temporal depiction of smoking behavior and more easily distinguishable smoking trajectories than previous analyses. Tobacco control interventions need to move beyond youth-focused approaches to reach all smokers.

The study assesses the extent of commonalities between individuals who become involved in violent extremist groups and criminal gangs, and the processes by which individuals engage in each group. Following this comparison, the extent to which the empirical results support the potential for anti-gang programs to bolster the resilience of communities against violent extremism and other forms of crime is assessed. Quantitative assessment was conducted by comparing individuals included in the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) dataset with a subset of individuals drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) along a number of demographic, social, and socioeconomic characteristics. Supplementary survey data was also collected from 45 former and current gang members in the United States concurrently with long-form interviews, covering a range of variables including background characteristics, demographic information, and attitudes among the respondents.

Despite the implications of work effort for earnings inequality, rigorous and comprehensive analyses of how work conditions affect people’s tendency to exert extra work effort are rare. Using two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this study examines how individuals’ discretionary work effort—i.e., effort in excess of what is required—changes with their work time, the tangible and intangible rewards from their jobs, and the social contexts of their occupations. Results from fixed-effects models show that frequently working in teams is associated with both women’s and men’s reported discretionary effort. Women also express a greater tendency to exert extra work effort when they work full time instead of part time and when their employers offer paid maternity leave, but less so when their occupations are male-dominant or require confrontations with people. Racial and ethnic minorities’ discretionary work effort changes in response to collaborative and competitive occupational environments somewhat differently from Whites. In addition, Black women’s tendency to exert excess work effort is less tied to their time spent on their jobs than White women’s. Beyond uncovering gender and ethnoracial differences, this study also underscores the need to consider the ways in which social aspects of work contribute to workers’ motivation and effort.

All data come from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics program. All credit for producing these data belongs to BLS.

To reproduce the results presented in our article, please download all 43 files and then read the README file for important setup instructions.