The Migration Statistics Improvement Programme formally closes on 31 March 2012. Five reports are being published:

Migration Statistics Improvement Programme Final Report

A Conceptual Framework for Population and Migration Statistics

Research report: Using administrative data to set plausibility ranges for population estimates in England and Wales

Research Report: Uncertainty in Local Authority Mid Year Population Estimates

Strategy for Delivering Statistical Benefits from e-Borders

Source agency: Office for National Statistics

Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Migration Statistics Improvement Programme Reports

Abstract

This study aims at enlightening the various factors that affect their reintegration in Albania. The study conducted through a national level survey in September-October 2013 suggests that the return migration phenomenon has assumed significant size, particularly after 2009; therefore, the resolving of the problems and the emigrants’ reintegration are the challenges of the Albanian society. Hence, the civil society, the policy makers, the international organizations, the local and national administrative structures, the academic and university community will get hereby a useful tool to understand the problems of migration by contributing to an efficient approach for the reintegration of emigrants into the society. The specific objectives of the survey are:

• To profile return migration to Albania, push and pull factors, characteristics of returning migrants; • To collect information on migrants’ experiences and perceptions of reintegration in Albania; • To formulate several recommendations for further research on return migration as well as the provision of services that facilitate the reintegration of returnees.

Geographic coverage

National.

Analysis unit

• Individuals

Universe

The survey found out that a total of 133, 544 Albanian citizens of the age segment 18- above returned to Albania in the period 2009-2013.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample size for a particular survey is determined by the accuracy required for the survey estimates for each domain, as well as by the resource and operational constraints. The accuracy of the survey results depends on both the sampling error, which can be measured through variance estimation, and the non-sampling error from all other sources, such as response and other measurement errors, coding and data entry errors. It is important to emphasize that INSTAT recognizes that the sample size of a particular survey is determined by the accuracy required for the national level estimates, as well influenced by logistical issues related to the organization and size of the teams, and the workload for survey administration and data collection. Considering all of these factors, calculations suggested that a sample size of 2000 individuals would give sufficient power to meet the study objectives. When multi-stage sampling is used, the design effect mostly measures the impact of the level of clustering on the sampling efficiency. The design effect depends on the number of sample individuals selected in each stratum. The sample size for

Sampling deviation

The study consisted in a cross-sectional population-based household survey conducted at a national level across each of the 12 prefectures in Albania. A stratified sample designed was used for selecting the individual for sampling. The primary sampling units (PSUs) selected at the first stage are the enumeration areas (EAs), which are small operational areas defined on maps for the 2011 Census enumeration. To control coverage errors, which make the sample less representative, the sampling frame must be of an optimum quality during all the stages of selections. At the first stage, the EA must cover all the areas inhabited by the population under study, without omission or duplication. The boundaries of the EA must be clearly defined and subject to easy identification in the field. SAS software was used at this stage to systematically select the sample of (EAs) with probability proportion to size (PPS) within each prefecture. The second stage of selection dealt with household lists from the selected EAs. The list of households enumerated in the 2011 Census for each sample EA was used as the sampling with equal probability. The third stage of selection was the individual selection in the pre-selected household. The advantages of this two-stage selection procedure are:

1. The selection procedure is simple to implement and reduces possible non-sampling errors in the selection process.
2. It is easy to locate the selected individuals, reducing non-sampling errors and non-response.
3. The interviewers interview only the individuals in the pre-selected households. No replacement of household was permitted, preventing survey bias. When developing the sample selection criteria, special attention was paid to define the study population and its characteristics. Based upon pre-established criteria an individual was considered eligible to be surveyed if he/she was
4. An Albanian citizen, who had migrated abroad and returned to Albania either voluntary or involuntary;
5. 18 years old and above.

The goal was to generate a sample of households that would allow for the production of statistically reliable estimates of the nature and extent of return migration to Albania and reintegration needs of returnees at the national level, and would allow for urban versus rural comparisons.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was structured along three main migratory stages: - Stage 1: Situation before leaving the country of origin; - Stage 2: Experience of migration lived in the main country of immigration; - Stage 3: Return to the country of origin – Postreturn conditions.

The survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire. In line with the objectives of the survey, the contents of the questionnaire were geared towards collecting the amount of necessary information on the following issues:

• Socio-economic conditions and socio-demographic characteristics of returnees prior to departure from Albania, during migration and upon return;
• Reasons for leaving the country and for returning to Albania;
• Experiences of integration in the last country of emigration and their influence on the decision to return to Albania;
• Process of return to Albania and prospect of stay; Links with the last country of immigration;
• Reintegration support and returnee reintegration experiences in Albania.

Response rate

The survey also found that the majority of responses (55%) indicate that employment opportunities should be allocated to enable smooth return and reintegration processes. Financial incentives (25%) were also perceived as important, as well as professional training programs (6%).

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of the survey results depends on both the sampling error, which can be measured through variance estimation, and the non-sampling error from all other sources, such as response and other measurement errors, coding and data entry errors. It is important to emphasize that INSTAT recognizes that the sample size of a particular survey is determined by the accuracy required for the national level estimates, as well influenced by logistical issues related to the organization and size of the teams, and the workload for survey administration and data collection.

This release replaces the previous annual and quarterly publications Control of Immigration Statistics and the annual British Citizenship, following a public consultation. Each topic now has its own entry, links to these related reports can be found under the "additional links" section. There are a number of different measures that can be used to monitor numbers of people coming to the United Kingdom for study.

For those students who are subject to immigration control, administrative information is available on student visas and visa extensions, as well as records of students admitted. The International Passenger Survey (IPS), run by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), provides estimates of all students arriving in the UK, with the ONS migration statistics focussing on those who intend to stay for a year or more. Research into students has also been published, for example Migrant Journey Analysis that involved linking records to give a more complete picture as to what happened to a group of students over a five year period.

These various statistics and research can appear to give different pictures of student immigration. Often this is because the latest data for different measures cover different time periods. In addition, they also count different aspects of the immigration process, with some showing intentions or permissions, whilst others show actual events.

Abstract

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS (INS) - TUNISIA

The survey aims at estimating the demographic and educational characteristics of the population. It also calculates the economic indicators of the population such as the number of active individuals, the additional demand for jobs, the number of employed and their characteristics, the number of jobs created, the characteristics of the unemployed and the unemployment rate. Furthermore, this survey estimates these indicators on the household level and their living conditions.

The results of this survey were compared with the results of the second quarter of the national survey on population and employment 2011. It should also be noted that the National Institute of Statistics -Tunisia uses the unemployment definition and concepts adopted by the International Labour Organization. This definition implies that, the individual did not work during the week preceding the day of the interview, was looking for a job in the month preceding the date of the interview, is available to work within two weeks after the day of the interview.

In 2010, the National Institute of Statistics has adopted a strict ILO definition for unemployment, by conditioning that the person must perform effective approaches to search for a job in the month preceding the day of the interview.

Geographic coverage

Covering a representative sample at the national and regional level (governorates).

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person.

Universe

The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS - TUNISIA (INS)

The sample is drawn from the frame of the 2004 General Census of Population and Housing.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three modules were designed for data collection:

• Household Questionnaire (Module 1): Includes questions regarding household characteristics, living conditions, individuals and their demographic, educational and economic characteristics. This module also provides information on internal and external migration.

• Active Employed Questionnaire (Module 2): Includes questions regarding the characteristics of the employed individuals as occupation, industry and wages for employees.

• Active Unemployed Questionnaire (Module 3): Includes questions regarding the characteristics of the unemployed as unemployment duration, the last occupation, activity, and the number of days worked during the last year...etc.

Cleaning operations

Harmonized Data

• SPSS software is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
• The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
• Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
• A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/ compute/ recode/ rename/ format/ label harmonized variables.
• A post-harmonization cleaning process is then conducted on the data.
• Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.

Abstract

The national sample survey (NSS), set-up by the government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods, completed its forty-ninth round as a six months survey during the period January to June,1993. Housing condition of the people is one of the very important indicators of the socio-economic development of the country. Statistical data on housing condition in qualitative and quantitative terms are needed periodically for an assessment of housing stock and formulation of housing policies and programmes. NSS 49th round was devoted mainly to the survey on housing condition and migration with special emphasis on slum dwellers. An integrated schedule was designed for collecting data on 'housing condition' as well as ' migration '. Also,households living in the slums were adequately represented in the sample of households where the integrated schedule was canvassed.The present study was different from the earlier study in the sense that the coverage in the present round was much wider. Detailed information on migration have been made with a view to throw data on different facets of migration. For this reason we find separate migration data for males & females, migrant households, return migrants, the structure of the residence of the migrants' households before & after migration, status of the migrants before and after migration and other details on migration. It is to be noted that comprehensive data on out-migrants & return-migrants were collected for the first time in the 49th round.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian union excepting ( i) Ladakh and kargil districts of Jammu & kashmir ( ii ) 768 interior villages of Nagaland ( out of a total of 1119 villages ) located beyond 5 kms. of a bus route and ( iii ) 172 villages in Andaman & Nicobar islands ( out of a total of 520 villages ) which are inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage stratified design was adopted for the 49th round survey. The first-stage units(fsu) were census villages in the rural sector and U.F.S. (Urban Frame Survey) blocks in the urban sector (However, for some of the newly declared towns of 1991 census for which UFS frames were not available, census EBs were first-stage units). The second-stage units were households in both the sectors. In the central sample altogether 5072 sample villages and 2928 urban sample blocks at all-India level were selected. Sixteen households were selected per sample village/block in each of which the schedule of enquiry was canvassed. The number of sample households actually surveyed for the enquiry was 119403.

Sample frame for fsus : Mostly the 1981 census lists of villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constituted the sampling frame. For Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the list of accessible villages was used as the sampling frame. For the Urban sector, the lists of NSS Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame in most cases. However, 1991 house listing EBs (Enumeration blocks) were considered as the sampling frame for some of the new towns of 1991 census, for which UFS frames were not available.

Stratification for rural sector : States have been divided into NSS regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation, considering the location of dry areas and distribution of tribal population in the state. In the rural sector, each district with 1981 / 1991 census rural population less than, 1.8 million/2 million formed a separate stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils.

Stratification for urban sector : In the urban sector, strata were formed, within the NSS region, according to census population size classes of towns. Each city with population 10 lakhs or more formed a separate stratum. Further, within each region, the different towns were grouped to form three different strata on the basis of their respective census population as follows : all towns with population less than 50,000 as stratum 1, those with population 50,000 to 1,99,999 as stratum-2 and those with population 2,00,000 to 9,99,999 as stratum-3.

Sample size for fsu's : The central sample comprised of 5072 villages and 2928 blocks. Selection of first stage units : The sample villages have been selected with probability proportional to population with replacement and the sample blocks by simple random sampling without replacement. Selection was done in both the sectors in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire consisted of 13 blocks as given below : Block - 0 : Descriptive Identification of Sample Household Block - 1 : Identification of Sample Household Block - 2 : Particulars of Field Operations Block - 3 : Household Characteristics Block - 4 : Demographic and Migration Particulars of Members of Household Block - 5 : Building and Environment Particulars Block - 6 : Particulars of the Dwelling Block - 7 : Particulars of Living Facilities Block - 8 : Particulars of Building Construction for Residential Purpose Block - 9 : Particulars of Dwelling/Land Owned Elsewhere Block - 10 : Use of Public Distribution System(PDS) Block - 11 : Some General Particulars of Slum Dwellers Block - 12 : Remarks by Investigator Block - 13 : Comments by Supervisory Officer(s)

A computerized data set of demographic, economic and social data for 227 countries of the world. Information presented includes population, health, nutrition, mortality, fertility, family planning and contraceptive use, literacy, housing, and economic activity data. Tabular data are broken down by such variables as age, sex, and urban/rural residence. Data are organized as a series of statistical tables identified by country and table number. Each record consists of the data values associated with a single row of a given table. There are 105 tables with data for 208 countries. The second file is a note file, containing text of notes associated with various tables. These notes provide information such as definitions of categories (i.e. urban/rural) and how various values were calculated. The IDB was created in the U.S. Census Bureau''s International Programs Center (IPC) to help IPC staff meet the needs of organizations that sponsor IPC research. The IDB provides quick access to specialized information, with emphasis on demographic measures, for individual countries or groups of countries. The IDB combines data from country sources (typically censuses and surveys) with IPC estimates and projections to provide information dating back as far as 1950 and as far ahead as 2050. Because the IDB is maintained as a research tool for IPC sponsor requirements, the amount of information available may vary by country. As funding and research activity permit, the IPC updates and expands the data base content. Types of data include: * Population by age and sex * Vital rates, infant mortality, and life tables * Fertility and child survivorship * Migration * Marital status * Family planning Data characteristics: * Temporal: Selected years, 1950present, projected demographic data to 2050. * Spatial: 227 countries and areas. * Resolution: National population, selected data by urban/rural * residence, selected data by age and sex. Sources of data include: * U.S. Census Bureau * International projects (e.g., the Demographic and Health Survey) * United Nations agencies Links: * ICPSR: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/08490

Abstract

Previous surveys on labor migration from Pacific Island countries are often cross-sectional, not readily available, and focusing on one migration scheme, country, or issue and hence incompatible. Such limitation of existing data restricts analysis of a range of policy-relevant issues that present themselves over the migrants' life cycle such as those on migration pathways, long-term changes in household livelihood, and trajectory of migrants’ labor market outcomes, despite the significant impacts of labor migration on the economy of the Pacific Island countries. To address these shortfalls in the Pacific migration data landscape, the PLMS is designed to be longitudinal, spanning multiple labor sending and receiving countries and collecting omnibus information on both migrants, their households and non-migrant households. The survey allows for disaggregation and reliable comparative analysis both within and across countries and labor mobility schemes. This open-access and high-quality data will facilitate more research about the Pacific migration, help inform and improve Pacific migration policy deliberations, and engender broader positive change in the Pacific data ecosystem.

Geographic coverage

Tonga: Tongatapu, ‘Eua, Vava’u, Ha’apai, Ongo Niua. Vanuatu: Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba. Kiribati: Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kiritimati, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, North Tabiteuea, North Tarawa, Onotoa, South Tabiteuea, South Tarawa, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Teraina.

Analysis unit

• Households in Kiribati, Tonga, and Vanuatu.
• Temporary migrant workers from Kiribati, Tonga and Vanuatu who participated in the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme in Australia and the Recognised Seasonal Employers scheme in New Zealand

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling frame: The PLMS sample was designed based on a Total Survey Error framework, seeking to minimize errors and bias at every stage of the process throughout preparation and implementation.

The worker sample frame is an extensive list of approximately 11,600 migrant workers from Kiribati, Tonga and Vanuatu who had participated in the RSE and PALM schemes. Due to the different modes of interviews, sampling strategies for the face-to-face segment of the household survey in Tonga was different from the rest of the surveys implemented via phone interviews. The face-to-face segment of the household survey selected households using Probability Proportional to Size sampling based on the latest population census listing and our worker sample frame, with technical inputs from the Tonga Statistics Department. The phone-based segment of the household survey used a combination of Probability Proportional to Size sampling based on the existing sample frame and random digit dialing. The design of the sample benefited from technical inputs from the Tonga Statistics Departments and the Vanuatu National Statistics Office, as well as World Bank staff from Kiribati.

As participation in the survey is voluntary, a worker might agree to participate while their household did not, and vice versa. Because of this, the survey did not achieve a complete one-to-one match between interviewed workers and sending households. Of all interviewed respondents, 418 workers in the worker survey are linked to their households in the household survey. However, after removing incomplete interviews, 341 worker-household pairs remain. They are matched by either pre-assigned serial ID numbers or contact details collected in the household and worker surveys during the post-fieldwork data cleaning process.

Sampling deviation

The survey was originally planned to be conducted face-to-face and was so for most of the collection of household data in Tonga. However, due to COVID-19, it was switched to phone-based mode and the survey instruments were adjusted accordingly to better suit the phone-based data collection while ensuring data quality. In particular, the household questionnaire was shortened, and sampling strategy changed to a combination of Probability Proportional to Size sampling based on the existing household listing and random digit dialing.

Compared to in-person data collection, the usual caveats of potential biases in phone-based survey related to disproportional phone ownership and connectivity apply here. The random digit dialing approach provides data representative of the phone-owning population. Yet due to lack of information, it is difficult to judge whether sending households in Kiribati, Tonga, and Vanuatu are more or less likely to own a phone and/or respond positively to survey request than non-sending households.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

• The questionnaires were jointly designed in English by the World Bank and researchers at the Development Policy Centre, Australian National University. They were translated into Bislama, Gilbertese and Tongan, scripted into CAPI/CATI programs, tested and piloted before being finalized. The design of the questionnaires and the samples benefited from technical inputs from the Tonga Statistics Departments, Pacific consultants, and academic experts specialized in Pacific labor mobility and remittances.
• Enumerators are native speakers from the labor-sending countries covered in the survey and were trained to elicit information asked in the questionnaire in local languages.
• The phone-based household questionnaire is moderately shorter than the in-person version.

Cleaning operations

The published data have been cleaned and anonymized. All incomplete interview records have been removed from the final datasets. The anonymization process followed the theory of Statistical Disclosure Control for microdata, aiming to minimize re-identification risk, i.e. the risk that the identity of an individual (or a household) described by a specific record could be determined with a high level of confidence. The anonymization process employs the k-anonymity method to calculate the re-identification risk. Risk measurement, anonymization and utility measurement for the PLMS were done using sdcMicro, an add-on package for the statistical software R for Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC) of microdata.

Since the household questionnaire was shortened when the survey switched from face-to-face to phone-based data collection, there face-to-face datasets and phone-based datasets are not identical, but they are consistent and can be harmonized. The mapping guide enclosed in this publication provides a guide to data users to wish to harmonize them.

Household expenditure variables in the household dataset and individual wage variable in the household member dataset are in USD. Local currencies were converted into USD based on the following exchange rates: 1 Tongan Pa'anga= 0.42201412 USD; 1 Vanuatu Vatu= 0.0083905322 USD; 1 Kiribati dollar= 0.66942499 USD.

Response rate

Face-to-face segment of the PLMS household survey: not applicable. Phone-based segment of the PLMS household survey: 26%. The PLMS Worker survey: 31%

As part of its series of comprehensive labor market panel surveys, the Economic Research Forum had conducted a survey in Jordan in 2010, the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey of 2010 (JLMPS 2010) and had planned to conduct a new wave after six years. The JLMPS 2016 thus comes at an opportune time to allow for an in-depth assessment of critical social and economic developments in Jordan's recent history. The JLMPS is part of a series of labor market panel surveys carried out by the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in several Arab countries since 1998 and whose microdata are available for public use through the ERF data portal. These surveys have, so far, been carried out in Egypt (1998, 2006, 2012), Jordan (2010, 2016) and Tunisia (2014). The ERF Labor Market Panel Surveys (LMPSs) are carried out in cooperation with the national statistical office of each country. Accordingly, the JLMPS 2016 was carried out in cooperation with the Jordanian Department of Statistics (DoS), which had preserved the personally identifiable information (PII) of the sample from the previous wave, supplied a refresher sample based on the design provided by ERF researchers, and implemented all data collection activities using tablet computers. As part of a longitudinal survey, the 2016 wave of JLMPS was designed to follow an existing population over time. However, the 2016 wave was also designed to capture the implications of the large influx of new populations, both refugee and migrant worker flows, into Jordan during the intervening period. To this end, the survey design team decided to add a large refresher sample of 3,000 households that over-sampled neighborhoods in Jordan that had high proportions of non-Jordanian households, including refugee camps, as ascertained by the 2015 Population Census. New modules were also added to the questionnaire to inquire about the in-migration of non-Jordanians, food security, and household exposure to shocks and coping strategies. We assume in this paper that the 2015 Census population counts of various nationality groups are appropriate for our sample and reproduce these counts by means of the appropriate ex-post weights" (Krafft and Assaad, 2018). The data may be accessed through the ERF Data Portal: http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog/139

Abstract

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANIZATION OF YEMEN (CSO)

The primary objective of LFS 2013-2014 was to provide current data on the employment and unemployment situation at national and governorate level using the preliminary version of the new standards concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization on adopted by the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (Geneva, October 2013).

---> The survey was then designed to meet five main measurement objectives as follows: 1- To provide current data on the number of employed, unemployed, and underemployed, and their demographic and social characteristics, including the size of women's participation in economic activity with a view to future policies in expanding their participation in the labour market. 2- To collect data on qualifications of the labour force and participation in training programmes of the youth population and other data requirements for improving the performance of employers through knowledge on the levels of skill available to them. 3- To measure the volume and characteristics of labour migration of Yemenis outside the country. 4- To provide information on the amount of wages and employment-related income in different occupations, branches of economic activity and sectors of employment. 5- To collect appropriate data for evaluating the microfinance projects funded through the Social Fund for Development.

Given the extent and diversity of data requirements, the survey was designed to spread over a one-year period, built around the five objectives of the survey. The core labour force survey was conducted throughout the four quarters of the survey period and incorporated the measurement of income from employment along the conventional items of data collection. Data on qualifications and participation in training was collected on the third quarter and on labour migration on the second quarter of the survey programme. Data collection on microfinance was undertaken as a separate survey over the four quarters.

Geographic coverage

Survey operations were carried out in all governorates except parts where recent events have disturbed the normal course of economic activity. In these circumstances, special procedures were used for compensation, either through the replacement of those areas with other areas having otherwise similar characteristics in the respective strata or through the adjustment of the sampling weights for missing values. There were 14 such cases, 5 each in quarters 1 and 4, and 2 each in quarters 2 and 3.

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person.

Universe

The labour force survey covered the civilian non-institutional settled population excluding certain areas with difficult access or low population densities, in particular, the nomad population, displaced populations who are homeless, population living in public housing (boarding, hotels, prisons, hospitals, etc.), individuals enlisted in the Armed Forces, who are residing permanently within camps and do not spend most days of the year with their families. Similarly, for marine crews and expatriates outside the country and other categories of persons in remote islands.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 100% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANIZATION OF YEMEN (CSO)

The sample design of the labour force survey of Yemen 2013-2014 is a two-stage stratified sample of enumeration areas in the first stage of sampling and a fixed number of sample households at the second stage of sampling. The resulting sample is spread evenly over the four quarters of the survey period.

Accordingly, the Central Statistics Organization (CSO) has drawn a stratified sample of census enumeration areas recomposed as primary sampling units (PSUs). Sample selection has been made with probability proportional to the number of households as determined in the 2004 population on census. In the second stage of sampling, after relisting of the sample enumeration areas, a fixed number of households (16 sample households) are drawn as clusters with equal probability from each sample enumeration area. The strata consist of the urban and rural areas of the 21 governorates in Yemen.

According to the sample design, urban areas are oversampled and rural areas under-sampled. This is because a relatively larger sample size is required in urban areas where heterogeneity is greater in comparison with rural areas. Also, because the cost of transportation and field operations is relatively greater in rural areas, it is more cost effective to under sample the rural areas relative to the less costly operations in urban areas. The differential sampling rates are then corrected through the sample weights so that the final results accurately reflect to the overall employment pattern.

The sample selection of the cluster of 16 households in each sample enumeration area was drawn after fresh listing of the totality of the households living in the sample enumeration area at the time of listing. This procedure updates the census information that dates back to 2004. The listing operations are carried out in each quarter before survey interviewing. The updated lists are send to CSO in Sana'a for data entry and sample selection of households for transmission to the survey team in each area. Instructions were given so that sample households that could not be found in the field or were absent or refused to be interview should not be substituted with other households as this procedure may introduce bias in the results. Instructions were also given that in cases where the minimum number of households in the sample enumeration areas was to be found to be less than the required 16 in each quarter, all households in the enumeration area should be taken in the sample.

The total sample size was determined on the basis of the requirement of producing national estimates of the unemployment rate with 1.5% margin of errors at the national level, assuming an overall non-response rate of 15%, and a design effect of 3. For the determination of the national sample size, the expected unemployment rate was set at 15% and the expected number of sample households to reach one person of working age, 15 years old and over, in the labour force was set at 0.6.

A more detailed description of the allocation of sample across governorates is provided in the report document available among external resources in English.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire of the Yemen LFS 2013-2014 was designed on the basis of the ILO model LFS questionnaire (version A) and other national LFS questionnaires used in the region. The draft questionnaire was field tested with six households in Sana’a, each member of the field staff interviewing one sample household in his or her area. The experience gained in the field test was reviewed and led to some modifications of the draft questionnaire.

Apart from the cover page and the back page, the core LFS questionnaire contains 52 questions. There are 11 questions on the social and demographic characteristics of the household members in the household roster. In the individual questionnaire addressed to the working age population 15 years of age or older, there are 3 questions to identify the employed persons and 19 questions on their employment characteristics including timerelated underemployment followed by 8 additional questions on income from employment. The individual questionnaire also includes 5 questions to identify the unemployment and the potential labour force and 5 follow-up questions on unemployment characteristics.

Cleaning operations

----> Raw Data

Data processing involved data entry, coding, editing and tabulation of the survey results. Data entry was carried out in parallel with the interviewing of sample households. It was conducted at the Central Statistical Organization headquarter in Sana'a where all data processing operations except tabulation were centralized.

The supervisory staff of the data entry operations was responsible for editing the questionnaires before actual data entry. Editing at this stage involved review of the questionnaire regarding its filled-in contents including ensuring that there is no missing block of information for household members aged 15 years old and over and correct coding of occupation, branch of economic activity and other variables.

The data files were further processed at ILO headquarters in Geneva. They were first converted into a single file with 86,778 records and augmented with several fields, in particular, the sampling weights (“weight”) and the key derived variables: employed (E), unemployed (U), time-related underemployment (TRU), potential labour force (PLF) as well as other derived variables such as informal sector employment (IS) and informal employment (IE).

----> Harmonized Data

• The SPSS package is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
• The harmonization process starts with a cleaning process for all raw data files received from the Statistical Agency.
• All cleaned data files are then merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
• A country-specific program is generated

The National Household Survey (NHS) was conceived to replace the mandatory long-form census questionnaire. The content of the NHS 2011 is similar to the past long-form questionnaire, although some questions and sections have changed. The Individuals File, 2011 National Household Survey (Public Use Microdata Files) provides data on the characteristics of the Canadian population. The file contains a 2.7% sample of anonymous responses to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) questionnaire. The files have been carefully scrutinized to ensure the complete confidentiality of the individual responses and geographic identifiers have been restricted to provinces/territories and metropolitan areas. With 133 variables, this comprehensive tool is excellent for policy analysts, pollsters, social researchers and anyone interested in modelling and performing statistical regression analysis using National Household Survey data.

Abstract

The Integrated Living Conditions Survey (ILCS), conducted annually by the RA NSS (Republic of Armenia National Statistical Service), formed the basis for most of the empirical analyses in the report. The ILCS is a universally recognized best-practice statistical survey for collecting data to inform about the living standards of households. ILCS comprises comprehensive and valuable data on the welfare of households and separate individuals which affords the NSS an opportunity to provide the public with up to date information on the population’s income, expenditures, the level of poverty and the other changes in living standards on an annual basis.

In 2003-2004 the National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia took important steps to improve the Armenia Integrated Leaving Conditions Survey (ILCS) and bring the poverty measurement methodology it applied up to date.

With technical assistance from the World Bank provided through a series of consultations and hands-on-training, the following changes were made:

• the sample frame for the Integrated Leaving Conditions Survey was updated using the 2001 Population Census data;
• the sample size was expanded, so as to make the ILSC representative at the regional (marz) level;
• the ILSC questionnaire was revised to account for economic and social changes since 1998-1999 and an extensive labor module was added to the survey;
• staff involved in ILCS implementation was better trained.

Geographic coverage

Urban and rural communities

Analysis unit

• Households;
• Individuals.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire is filled in by the interviewer in the course of at least five visits to households per month. During face-to-face interviews with the household head or another knowledgeable adult member, the interviewer collects information on the composition and housing conditions of the household, the employment status, educational level and health condition of the members, availability and use of land, livestock, and agricultural machinery, monetary and commodity flows between households, and other information.

Certain changes were made into the 2014 questionnaire. Particularly, the sections “List of Household Members”, "Migration", “Housing and Dwelling Conditions”, "Employment", “Social Assistance” were revised.

Thus, the 2015 survey questionnaire had the following sections: (1) “List of Household Members”, (2) “Migration”, (3) “Housing and Dwelling Conditions”, (4) “Employment”, (5) “Education”, (6) “Agriculture”, (7) “Food Production”, (8) “Monetary and Commodity Flows between Households”, (9) “Health (General) and Healthcare”, (10) “Debts”, (11) “Subjective Assessment of Living Conditions”, (12) “Provision of Services”, (13) “Social Assistance”, (14) “Households as Employers for Service Personnel”, and (15) “Household Monthly Consumption of Energy Resources”.

The Diary is completed directly by the household during one month. Every day the household would record all its expenditures on food, non-food products and services, also giving a detailed description of such purchases; e.g. for food products the name, quantity, cost, and place of purchase of the product is recorded. Besides, the household records its consumption of food products received and used from its own land and livestock, as well as from other sources (e.g. gifts, humanitarian aid). Non-food products and services purchased or received for free are also recorded in the diary. Then, the household records its income received during the month. At the end of the month, information on rarely used food products, durable goods and ceremonies is recorded, as well. The records in the diary are verified by the interviewer in the course of 5 mandatory visits to the household during the survey month.

The Survey Diary has the following sections: (1) food purchased during the day, (2) food consumed at home during the day, (3) expenditures on food consumed away from home, (4) non-food products purchased and services obtained, (5) non-food products and services received free of charge, (6) household income and monetary inflows, (7) food products, which are usually consumed in small quantities during the day, (8) list of real estate, durable goods, and ceremonies. The interviewer’s manual provides detailed instructions for completing the questionnaire and the diary.

The Questionnaire, the Diary and the Interviewer's Manual are revised and adjusted, as appropriate, prior to the launch of the survey. Starting from 2012, data are codified under the “Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose” (COICOP) classifier.

The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a continuing longitudinal study that seeks to follow the lives of all those living in Great Britain who were born in one particular week in 1958. The aim of the study is to improve understanding of the factors affecting human development over the whole lifespan.

The NCDS has its origins in the Perinatal Mortality Survey (PMS) (the original PMS study is held at the UK Data Archive under SN 2137). This study was sponsored by the National Birthday Trust Fund and designed to examine the social and obstetric factors associated with stillbirth and death in early infancy among the 17,000 children born in England, Scotland and Wales in that one week. Selected data from the PMS form NCDS sweep 0, held alongside NCDS sweeps 1-3, under SN 5565.

Survey and Biomeasures Data (GN 33004):
To date there have been nine attempts to trace all members of the birth cohort in order to monitor their physical, educational and social development. The first three sweeps were carried out by the National Children's Bureau, in 1965, when respondents were aged 7, in 1969, aged 11, and in 1974, aged 16 (these sweeps form NCDS1-3, held together with NCDS0 under SN 5565). The fourth sweep, also carried out by the National Children's Bureau, was conducted in 1981, when respondents were aged 23 (held under SN 5566). In 1985 the NCDS moved to the Social Statistics Research Unit (SSRU) - now known as the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS). The fifth sweep was carried out in 1991, when respondents were aged 33 (held under SN 5567). For the sixth sweep, conducted in 1999-2000, when respondents were aged 42 (NCDS6, held under SN 5578), fieldwork was combined with the 1999-2000 wave of the 1970 Birth Cohort Study (BCS70), which was also conducted by CLS (and held under GN 33229). The seventh sweep was conducted in 2004-2005 when the respondents were aged 46 (held under SN 5579), the eighth sweep was conducted in 2008-2009 when respondents were aged 50 (held under SN 6137) and the ninth sweep was conducted in 2013 when respondents were aged 55 (held under SN 7669).

Four separate datasets covering responses to NCDS over all sweeps are available. National Child Development Deaths Dataset: Special Licence Access (SN 7717) covers deaths; National Child Development Study Response and Outcomes Dataset (SN 5560) covers all other responses and outcomes; National Child Development Study: Partnership Histories (SN 6940) includes data on live-in relationships; and National Child Development Study: Activity Histories (SN 6942) covers work and non-work activities. Users are advised to order these studies alongside the other waves of NCDS.

From 2002-2004, a Biomedical Survey was completed and is available under End User Licence (EUL) (SN 8731) and Special Licence (SL) (SN 5594). Proteomics analyses of blood samples are available under SL SN 9254.

Linked Geographical Data (GN 33497):
A number of geographical variables are available, under more restrictive access conditions, which can be linked to the NCDS EUL and SL access studies.

Linked Administrative Data (GN 33396):
A number of linked administrative datasets are available, under more restrictive access conditions, which can be linked to the NCDS EUL and SL access studies. These include a Deaths dataset (SN 7717) available under SL and the Linked Health Administrative Datasets (SN 8697) available under Secure Access.

Additional Sub-Studies (GN 33562):
In addition to the main NCDS sweeps, further studies have also been conducted on a range of subjects such as parent migration, unemployment, behavioural studies and respondent essays. The full list of NCDS studies available from the UK Data Service can be found on the NCDS series access data webpage.

How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:
For information on how to access biomedical data from NCDS that are not held at the UKDS, see the CLS Genetic data and biological samples webpage.

Further information about the full NCDS series can be found on the Centre for Longitudinal Studies website.

The Parent Migration research project had four aims:

• an investigation of how children fare in educational attainments and behavioural adjustment, following change in family circumstances. This was done for children of the NCDS, making innovative use of multivariate multilevel modelling
• to see which children were likely to be resilient and which vulnerable to which type of change in their social environment
• to provide a systematic statistical backdrop on the population aged 5-16 in 1991, with the child as the unit of observation, taking evidence from the ONS Longitudinal Study (not held at the UKDA). This should show how far the sample of second generation NCDS children were representative of all children in experiencing change in who they live with and where, relating such histories to indicators of their living standards
• an enhancement of the NCDS5 dataset (see SN 5567) by coding and organizing data on migration, making a resource for other researchers. The methods used in the project were entirely quantitative, combining both description and analysis of secondary sources, the ONS Longitudinal Study and the second generation sample of NCDS cohort members and their children aged 5-18

This dataset contains information on the 'address history' of a sub-sample (2,657 members) of the NCDS who provided a mother/child questionnaire in 1991. One third of NCDS members identified to have at least one child old enough to complete maths and reading tests were requested to take part in the survey. Initial work was carried out by the NCDS User Support team as part of the 'Changing Home' project to code postal town data from NCDS5.

For the second edition (August 2008), the serial number has been replaced with a new one, variable Ncdsid. This change has been made for all datasets in the NCDS series. Further information may be found in the ‘CLS Confidentiality and Data Security Review’, included in the documentation.

Abstract

The Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES) asks questions to a country wide sample of households and household members about housing conditions, education, economic activities, household production and income, household level and structure of consumption, health, victimization, etc. There are also questions related to people in the labour force, e.g. labour force participation.

Poverty reduction is a major commitment by the Royal Government of Cambodia. Accurate statistical information about the living standards of the population and the extent of poverty is an essential instrument to assist the Government in diagnosing the problems, in designing effective policies for reducing poverty and in monitoring and evaluating the progress of poverty reduction. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) has been adopted by the Royal Government of Cambodia and a National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) has been developed. The MDGs are also incorporated into the "Rectangular Strategy of Cambodia".

Cambodia is still a predominantly rural and agricultural society. The vast majority of the population get their subsistence in households as self-employed in agriculture. The level of living is determined by the household's command over labour and resources for own-production in terms of land and livestock for agricultural activities, equipments and tools for fishing, forestry and construction activities and income-earning activities in the informal and formal sector. The CSES aims to estimate household income and consumption/expenditure as well as a number of other household and individual characteristics.

The main objective of the survey is to collect statistical information about living conditions of the Cambodian population and the extent of poverty. The survey can be used for identifying problems and making decisions based on statistical data. They would also prove useful for the production of National Accounts in Cambodia.

A long-term objective of the entire project is to build national capability in NIS for conducting socio-economic surveys and for utilizing survey data for planning for national development and social welfare.

Among specific objectives, the following deserve special mention: - Obtain data on infrastructural facilities in villages, especially facilities for schooling and health care and associated problems. - Obtain data on retail prices of selected food, non-food and medicine items prevailing in the villages. - Collect data on migration - Collect data on utilization of education, housing and land ownership - Collect data on household assets and outstanding loans. - Collect data on household's construction activities. - Collect information on maternal health, child health/care. - Collect information on health of the household members related to illness, injury and disability. - Collect information on economic activities including the economic activities for children aged between 5 and 17 years. - Collect information on victimization by the household - Collect information on the presence of the household members. - Collect information on household income and receipts, expenditure and consumption of own production (also in diaries).

The main user is the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) as the survey supports monitoring the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) by different socio-economic indicators. Other users are university researchers, analysts, international organizations e.g. the World Bank and NGO's. The World Bank has published a report on poverty profile and social indicators using CSES 2007 data . In this regard, the CSES continues to serve all stakeholders involved as essential instruments in order to assist in diagnosing the problems and designing their most effective policies. The CSES micro data at NIS is available for research and analysis by external researchers after approval by Senior Minister of Planning. The interesting research questions that could be put to the data are many; NIS welcomes new research based on CSES data

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Households Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample design

The sample of villages for CSES 2011 is just a simple random 50 % subsample from the CSES 2009 sample of villages, just like for 2010. Consequently, the description of the CSES 2011 sample design will by necessity begin with a description of the CSES 2009 design.

The sample design for CSES 2010 is basically the same as the CSES 2009 design. For the 2010 and 2011 survey a subsample of 360 EAs (stage 2 units) was selected from the CSES 2009 sample of 720 EAs. The selection was done by simple random sampling within strata. The selection resulted in 136 urban EAs and 224 rural EAs.

Households were selected in the same way as in CSES 2009. For CSES 2010 and 2011 only 10 households are selected in each rural EA, as compared to 20 households in 2009. In urban areas 10 households were selected, just as in 2009.

The sampling resulted in a sample of 3,600 households, 1,360 urban households and 2,240 rural households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Four different questionnaires or forms were used in the survey:

Form 1: Household listing sheets to be used in the sampling procedure in the enumeration areas.

Form 2: Village questionnaire answered by the village leader about economy and infrastructure, crop production, health, education, retail prices and sales prices of agriculture, employment and wages, and recruitment of children for work outside the village.

Form 3: Household questionnaire with questions for each household member, including modules on migration, education and literacy, housing conditions, crop production, household liabilities, durable goods, construction activities, nutrition, fertility and child care, child feeding and vaccination, health of children, mortality, current economic activity, health and illness, smoking, HIV/AIDS awareness, and victimization.

Form 4: Diary form on daily household expenditure and income

Cleaning operations

The NIS team commenced their work of checking and coding in begining of February after the first month of fieldwork was completed. Supervisors from the field delivered questionaires to NIS. SIDA project expert and NIS Survey Manager helped in solving relevant matters that become apparent when reviewing questionnaires on delivery.

Response rate

The CSES 2011 enjoyed almost a 100 percent response rate. The high response rate together with close and systematic fieldwork supervision by the core group members were a major contribution for achieving high quality survey results.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Yes - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: One of more individuals who normally reside together under the same roof and take food in the same kitchen, including temporary stay aways and excluding temporary visitors.

Universe

Not specified

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Sample Survey Organization, Government of India

SAMPLE DESIGN: Drawn by the NSSO, details not specified

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: .09%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 667,848

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A single form that consists of 7 sections: 1) identification of sample household, 2) household characteristics, 3) demographic particulars and current activity during the preceding week, 4) usual activity and migration, 5) usual activity and migration, 6) follow up questions for working persons, and 7) follow up questions for persons who attended domestic duties.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Yes - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: One of more individuals who normally reside together under the same roof and take food in the same kitchen, including temporary stay aways and excluding temporary visitors.

Universe

Not specified

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Sample Survey Organization, Government of India

SAMPLE DESIGN: Drawn by the NSSO, details not specified

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: .09%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 623,494

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A single form that consists of 10 sections: 1) identification of sample household, 2) household characteristics, 3) demographic and current activity particulars during the preceding week, 4) demographic characteristics of migrants and their usual activity at the time of migration, 5) current activity of people in the labor force, 6) usual activity, 7) usual subsidiary gainful activity of persons who did not work, but not because of being old or disabled, 8) follow-up questions for persons whose principal activities were working, 9) persons who usually attended domestic duties, and 10) household indebtedness.

Abstract

The Bulgaria Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) is the first survey that was conducted in 1995 on a sample of approximately 2,500 households. The labor market study is comparing employment, growth and poverty for year 1995 in Bulgaria.Pupose: The principal objective of the household data collection is to obtain a nationally representative household data set that contains detailed information on a variety of characteristics. This will allow a detailed analysis of the standard of living of the Bulgarian population in general and of the poor in particular, since it will allow to link information on income and expenditure to other household characteristics like health and education for example.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individual - 7,005 Household - 2,468

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A fixed number of households (5) is collected in each SS. The number of SS to be selected will be 500 (5*500=2,500). Each cluster is selected with probability proportional to the number of households in each cluster from a subsample of 4,000 available representative clusters. The general sample methodology has been designed to insure that all the households of different size and in all regions and town have the same probability to be selected. The actual sampling of the households will be done in two stages: a) In the first stage the SS are Selected with Probability Proportional to the Size. The listing has been organized in the following order: (i) the list of the 28 regions, (ii) Cities, towns and villages; (iii) each city and town is listed by size; b) In the second stage the households to be interviewed are selected with Equal Probability, provided that they have been listed according to their size (all households of one person first, all the households of two people second and soon).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire is contains 11 sections such as: - Household Roster - Migration - Formal and non formal education & child care - Education - Continued - Food expenditure and consumption - Status and history of employment and other earning activities - Main job - dependent activity - agriculture - Remittances - Social Assistance - Real Estate Assets - Health - Fertility

Abstract

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)

The Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS) is of great importance among other household surveys conducted by statistical agencies in various countries around the world. This survey provides a large amount of data to rely on in measuring the living standards of households and individuals, as well as establishing databases that serve in measuring poverty, designing social assistance programs, and providing necessary weights to compile consumer price indices, considered to be an important indicator to assess inflation.

The First Survey that covered all the country governorates was carried out in 1958/1959 followed by a long series of similar surveys. The current survey, HIECS 2017/2018, is the Thirteenth in this long series. Starting 2008/2009, Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Surveys were conducted each two years instead of five years. this would enable better tracking of the rapid changes in the level of the living standards of the Egyptian households.

CAPMAS started in 2010/2011 to follow a panel sample of around 40% of the total household sample size. The current survey is the fourth one to follow a panel sample. This procedure will provide the necessary data to extract accurate indicators on the status of the society. The CAPMAS also is pleased to disseminate the results of this survey to policy makers, researchers and scholarly to help in policy making and conducting development related researches and studies

The survey main objectives are:

• To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population as well as socio- economic and demographic differentials.

• To measure average household and per-capita expenditure for various expenditure items along with socio-economic correlates.

• To Measure the change in living standards and expenditure patterns and behavior for the individuals and households in the panel sample, previously surveyed in 2008/2009, for the first time during 12 months representing the survey period.

• To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various items used in compiling consumer price indices which is considered important indicator for measuring inflation.

• To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to determine the levels of consumption and estimate the current demand which is important to predict future demands.

• To define average household and per-capita income from different sources.

• To provide data necessary to measure standard of living for households and individuals. Poverty analysis and setting up a basis for social welfare assistance are highly dependent on the results of this survey.

• To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas.

• To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure.

• To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income.

• To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables.

• To identify consumers behavior changes among socio-economic groups in urban and rural areas.

• To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its nutrition components and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas.

• To identify the value of expenditure for food according to its sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non-food commodities and services.

• To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ,…etc) in urban and rural areas that enables measuring household wealth index.

• To identify the percentage distribution of income earners according to some background variables such as housing conditions, size of household and characteristics of head of household.

• To provide a time series of the most important data related to dominant standard of living from economic and social perspective. This will enable conducting comparisons based on the results of these time series. In addition to, the possibility of performing geographical comparisons.

The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Agency were cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major project that started in 2009. During which extensive efforts have been exerted to acquire, clean, harmonize, preserve and disseminate micro data of existing household surveys in several Arab countries.

Geographic coverage

Covering a sample of urban and rural areas in all the governorates.

Analysis unit

1- Household/family. 2- Individual/person.

Universe

The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

THE CLEANED AND HARMONIZED VERSION OF THE SURVEY DATA PRODUCED AND PUBLISHED BY THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FORUM REPRESENTS 50% OF THE ORIGINAL SURVEY DATA COLLECTED BY THE CENTRAL AGENCY FOR PUBLIC MOBILIZATION AND STATISTICS (CAPMAS)

The sample of HIECS 2017/2018 is a self-weighted two-stage stratified cluster sample. The main elements of the sampling design are described in the following.

1- Sample Size The sample size is around 26 thousand households. It was distributed between urban and rural with the percentages of 45% and 55%, respectively.

2- Cluster size The cluster size is 20 households in all governorates.

3- Sample allocation in different governorates 45% of the survey sample was allocated to urban areas (12020 households) and the other 55% was allocated to rural areas (13780 households). The sample was distributed on urban/rural areas in different governorates proportionally with the household size A sample size of a minimum of 1000 households was allocated to each governorate to ensure accuracy of poverty indicators. Therefore, the sample size was increased in Port-Said, Suez, Ismailiya, kafr el-Sheikh, Damietta, Bani Suef, Fayoum, Qena, Luxor and Aswan, by compensation from other governorates where the sample size exceeds a 1000 households. All Frontier governorates were considered as one governorate.

4- Core Sample The core sample is the master sample of any household sample required to be pulled for the purpose of studying the properties of individuals and families. It is a large sample and distributed on urban and rural areas of all governorates. It is a representative sample for the individual characteristics of the Egyptian society. This sample was implemented in January 2010 and its size reached more than 1 million household selected from 5024 enumeration areas distributed on all governorates (urban/rural) proportionally with the sample size (the enumeration area size is around 200 households). The core sample is the sampling frame from which the samples for the surveys conducted by CAPMAS are pulled, such as the Labor Force Surveys, Income, Expenditure And Consumption Survey, Household Urban Migration Survey, ...etc, in addition to other samples that may be required for outsources.

A more detailed description of the different sampling stages and allocation of sample across governorates is provided in the Methodology document available among external resources in Arabic.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three different questionnaires have been designed as following:

1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire. 2- Assisting questionnaire. 3- Income Questionnaire.

In designing the questionnaires of expenditure, consumption and income, we were taking into our consideration the following: - Using the recent concepts and definitions of International Labor Organization approved in the International Convention of Labor Statisticians held in Geneva, 2003. - Using the recent Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP). - Using more than one approach of expenditure measurement to serve many purposes of the survey.

A brief description of each questionnaire is given next:

----> 1- Expenditure and Consumption Questionnaire This questionnaire comprises 14 tables in addition to identification and geographic data of household on the cover page. The questionnaire is divided into two main sections.

Section one: Household schedule and other information, it includes: - Demographic characteristics and basic data for all household individuals consisting of 25 questions for every person. - Members of household who are currently working abroad. - The household ration card. - The main outlets that provide food and beverage. - Domestic and foreign tourism. - The housing conditions including 16 questions. - Household ownership of means of transportation, communication and domestic appliances. - Date of purchase, status at purchase, purchase value and current imputed value of the household possessed appliances and means of transportation. - The Duration since the household was established - The main outlet

Abstract

Cambodia Living Standards Measurement Study – Plus (LSMS+) Survey 2019- 2020 was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics, with support from the World Bank LSMS+ program (www.worldbank.org/lsmsplus). The survey attempted to conduct private interviews with all the adult household members (aged 18 and older) in each sampled household as part of a nationally-representative survey sample. The individual disaggregated data collection had a focus on (i) ownership of and rights to physical and financial assets, (ii) work and employment, and (iii) non-farm enterprises, and was anchored in the latest international recommendations for survey data collection on these topics.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) of this survey were the subsamples of the selected PSUs of the Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES) 2019/20. The PSU in this case can either be a village (if the village is small) or an Enumeration Area (EA) from the mapping operation of 2019 General Population Census of Cambodia (if the village is large, exceeding 120 households). The Cambodia LSMS+ sample covered all the CSES’ s sample villages in three months (those selected for interviews during the October - December period of fieldwork) out of its twelve-month sample.

The Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs) in this survey constitute sample households. In this stage, 6 households were selected in each selected PSU. The selections of these households were carried out in the field by the field enumerators. The selection was done under the Circular Systematic Random Sampling (CSRS) scheme using the PSU frame of household from the household listing conducted by the CSES field enumerator in the selected PSU. More details can be found in the Basic Information Document.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The Cambodia LSMS+ covered the following topics:

Household Questionnaire: - Household Roster - Children Living Elsewhere - Housing - Food Consumption - Non-food Consumption - Household Enterprises - Land Roster - Livestock Roster - Durables Roster

Individual-level Questionnaire: - Education - Health - Internal and International Migration - Labor - Time Use - Land Ownership and Rights - Livestock Ownership - Durables Ownership - Mobile Phone Ownership - Financial Accounts

Cleaning operations

Data Entry Platform

The Cambodia LSMS+ was conducted using Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) techniques. The questionnaire was implemented using the CAPI software, Survey Solutions. The Survey Solutions software was developed and maintained by the Data Analytics and Tools Unit within the Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank. Each interviewer was given one tablet, which they used to conduct the interviews. Overall, implementation of survey using Survey Solutions CAPI was highly successful, as it allowed for timely availability of the data from completed interviews.

Data Management

The data communication system used in the Cambodia LSMS+ was highly automated. Field teams were provided with routers to carry with them in the field so they could connect to internet as frequently as possible to sync their questionnaires and this ensured access to the data in real-time.

Data Cleaning The data cleaning process was done in two main stages. The first stage was to ensure proper quality control during the fieldwork. This was achieved in part by incorporating validation and consistency checks into the Survey Solutions application used for the data collection and designed to highlight many of the errors that occurred during the fieldwork.

The second stage of cleaning involved a comprehensive review of the final raw data following the first stage of cleaning. Every variable was examined individually for (1) consistency with other sections and variables, (2) out of range responses, and (3) formatting.

Abstract

On 15 February 2007, the General Statistics Office's Director General issued Decree N 1430/QD-TCTK on the Plan of the 1 April 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey. This sample survey is conducted annually with the purpose to collect information on population, population changes (fertility, mortality and migration), contraceptive used and induced abortion as well.

Since the Population and Housing Census 1999, there has been a remarkably increasing demand for information on population changes, labour force and contraceptive used. Policy makers, development planners, researchers, international organizagtions and mass media have always requested GSO to provide key data collected from the survey. Survey data has helped the Party and Government agencies at the central level assess the implementation of key population indicators, trend and social economic characteristics of the population.

The purposes and demands of the survey are as follows: - Collect basic information on population and the change of fertility, mortality, migration; - Measure the coverage of contraceptive uses, menstrual regulation and induced abortion; - Collect basic information for calculating national statistics indicators in term of population indicator group.

The above-mentioned information represents the provincial/city, rural/urban and national levels as well.

Geographic coverage

National level Provincial/City level Rural/Urban

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Administrative unit

Universe

• All usual residents of the household (who have actually lived in the household or have recently moved to live permanently in the household without distinguishing whether these persons were registered as permanent residents by the police or not).
• Currently married women aged 15-49 (for information on family planning).
• Those who were ever considered as usual residents of the household but died from 29/01/2007 (that is, 1st of last lunar new year - BINH TUAT) to the end of 31/3/2007.
• Dead persons (infant deaths and adult deaths of the household occurred from 29/1/2006 to the end of 31/3/2007)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Frame The sample of the 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey was a sample used in the 2006 population change and family planning survey, with its units being randomly selected from the lists of enumeration areas (EAs) which were established in the 1999 population and housing census.

Determination of Sample Size and Sample Allocation To ensure an obtainment of sample estimates representative for provinces, cities, the sample was allocated inversely to population size. As a result, each province had a sample size of about 60 enumeration areas with an average of 100 households per EA. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city are the two most populous and complicated cities, so they had a selection of over 70 EAs. Provinces with smaller population size also had a sample size of nearly 60 EAs.

The sample of the survey was a stratified cluster sample, in which each province constituted the main clusters (64 strata) with two sub-clusters within each representing "rural" and "urban" areas. The allocation of sample units in each stratum was done using the systematic random sampling method.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaire used in the 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey had three sections: 1. General information on population: 2. Information of those who were ever considered as usual residents of the household but died from 29/1/2006 (that is, 1st of last lunar new year - BINH TUAT) to the end of 31/3/2007. 3. Information on fertility, reproductive health of women aged 15-49 years and above

Cleaning operations

Data entry and editing were carried out at three GSO's statistical informatics centers (Ha Noi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City). Each center established a computer network to process the survey data. Each network included a server and a number of personal computers. The networks in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City were connected with the center in Hanoi.

A number of consistency checks were carried out and this was followed by data edition. As soon as data entry for a province was completed, a list of inconsistencies was printed out for verification and correction, and then data files were updated with these corrections.

Sampling error estimates

Calculation of sampling errors

In order to facilitate in-depth studies on sample reliability of some key indicators, sampling errors were calculated for the following variables:

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR);

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) for modern methods;

Immigration rate;

Total fertility rate (TFR);

Crude birth rate (CBR);

Crude death rate (CDR).

The sampling errors for these variables were calculated for national, urban/rural, and regional levels

Abstract

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has initiated the labor force survey on a quarterly basis, to measure the levels and trends of employment, unemployment and labor force in the country on a continuous basis. In the past, labor force surveys conducted at four-five yearly time intervals since 1980.

Detailed information on labor force characteristics has been collected from representative sample of 123 thousand households to produce gender disaggregated national and divisional level estimates with urban/rural/city corporation breakdown. The survey also provides quarterly representative results and sample size for each quarter was 30,816 households. The survey, along with the quantification of core variables, also estimates important attributes of literacy, migration, own use production of goods and own use provision of services, volunteer work, occupational safety and health etc. The estimates are profiled according to latest classifications viz Bangladesh Standard Industrial Classification (BSIC 2009 based on ISIC rev-4) and Bangladesh Standard Classification of Occupations (BSCO- 2012 in line with ISCO-2008).

The primary objective of the survey was to collect comprehensive data on the Labor Force, employment and unemployment of the population aged 15 or older for use by the Government, international organizations, NGOs, researchers and others to efficiently provide targeted interventions. Specific objectives of the survey: - Provide relevant information regarding the characteristics of the population and household that relate to housing, household size, female-headed households; - Provide detailed information on education and training, such as literacy, educational attainment and vocational training; - Provide relevant information on economic activities and the labor force regarding the working-age population, economic activity status and Labor Force participation; - Provide detailed information on employment and informal employment by occupation and industry, education level and status in employment; - Provide relevant information on unemployment, the youth labor force participation, youth employment, and youth unemployment; - Provide other information on decent work regarding earnings from employment, working hours and time-related underemployment, quality and stability of employment, social security coverage, and safety at work, equal opportunities; - Provide relevant information on non-economic activities, volunteer activities etc.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The quarterly Labor Force Survey 2016-17 questionnaire comprised of 14 sections:

Section 1. Household basic information Section 2. Household roster (members' basic information) Section 3. General education (for persons aged 5 years or older) & vocational training (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 4. Working status (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 5. Main activities (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 6. Secondary activities (for employed persons aged 15 years or older) Section 7. Occupational safety and health within the previous 12 months (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 8. Time-related underemployment (for employed persons aged 15 years or older) Section 9. Unemployment (for not employed persons aged 15 years or older) Section 10. Own use production of goods (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 11. Own use provision of services (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 12. Unpaid trainee/apprentice work (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 13. Volunteer work (for persons aged 15 years or older) Section 14. Migration (for persons aged 15 years or older)

Cleaning operations

Editing and processing errors, several consistency checks were done, both manually and computerized program using CSPro; batch editing was done using Stata, to ensure the quality and acceptability of the data produced. The non-sampling error is to ensure high quality data, several steps were taken to minimize non-sampling errors. Unlike sampling errors, these errors cannot be measured and can only be overcome through several administrative procedures. These errors can arise as a result of incomplete survey coverage, frame defect, response error, non-response and processing errors such as during editing, coding and data capture.

Sampling error estimates

Sampling error is a result of estimating data based on a probability sampling, not on census. Such error in statistics is termed as relative standard error and often denoted as RSE which is given in percentage. This error is an indication to the precision of the parameter under study. In other words, it reflects the extent of variation with other sample-based estimates. Sampling errors of estimates on a few important variables at national levels are calculated separately as shown in the annex. For example, the labor force participation rate at the national level was 67.0 per cent with an RSE of 0.23 per cent and standard error (SE) of 0.16 per cent. At 95 per cent confidence interval (a = 0.05), the labor force participation rate was in the range of 66.69-67.31 per cent.