This map displays the Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) for the next 72 hours across the contiguous United States. Data are updated hourly from the National Digital Forecast Database produced by the National Weather Service.The dataset includes incremental and cumulative precipitation data in 6-hour intervals. In the ArcGIS Online map viewer you can enable the time animation feature and select either the "Amount by Time" (incremental) layer or the "Accumulation by Time" (cumulative) layer to view a 72-hour animation of forecast precipitation. All times are reported according to your local time zone.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces forecast data of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.qpf.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

Overview

Global Surface Summary of the Day is derived from The Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH) dataset. The ISH dataset includes global data obtained from the USAF Climatology Center, located in the Federal Climate Complex with NCDC. The latest daily summary data are normally available 1-2 days after the date-time of the observations used in the daily summaries.

Content

Over 9000 stations' data are typically available.

The daily elements included in the dataset (as available from each station) are: Mean temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Mean dew point (.1 Fahrenheit) Mean sea level pressure (.1 mb) Mean station pressure (.1 mb) Mean visibility (.1 miles) Mean wind speed (.1 knots) Maximum sustained wind speed (.1 knots) Maximum wind gust (.1 knots) Maximum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Minimum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Precipitation amount (.01 inches) Snow depth (.1 inches)

Indicator for occurrence of: Fog, Rain or Drizzle, Snow or Ice Pellets, Hail, Thunder, Tornado/Funnel

Querying BigQuery tables

You can use the BigQuery Python client library to query tables in this dataset in Kernels. Note that methods available in Kernels are limited to querying data. Tables are at bigquery-public-data.github_repos.[TABLENAME]. Fork this kernel to get started to learn how to safely manage analyzing large BigQuery datasets.

Acknowledgements

This public dataset was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and includes global data obtained from the USAF Climatology Center. This dataset covers GSOD data between 1929 and present, collected from over 9000 stations. Dataset Source: NOAA

Use: This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source — http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy — and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Photo by Allan Nygren on Unsplash

National Weather Service (NWS) Station Information System (SIS) contains observing station metadata from November 2016 to present. These are renditions are used for daily updates to the Historical Observing Metadata Repository (HOMR). Within this dataset there are embedded PDFs which are loaded into Environmental Document Access and Display System (EDADS) Version 2 (EV2) in the Cooperative Station History library and the JSON formatted machine readable version of the information on the PDFs which are integrated into HOMR. The station updates contain station profile information, and changes in location, instrumentation, obstructions, observers, and observation times. NCEI only receives these files when something is changed on the station, or every 3 years for a NWS-mandated update. Version 2 of this dataset includes new equipment hierarchy and minor changes to how observer information is structured in the JSON interface files.

This map displays projected visible surface smoke across the contiguous United States for the next 48 hours in 1 hour increments. It is updated every 24 hours by NWS. Concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic meter.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Guidance Database (NDGD) is a sister to the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). Information in NDGD may be used by NWS forecasters as guidance in preparing official NWS forecasts in NDFD. The experimental/guidance NDGD data is not an official NWS forecast product.Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndgd/GT.aq/AR.conus/ds.smokes01.binSource data archive can be found here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/weather-climate-models/national-digital-guidance-database look for 'LXQ...' files by date. These are the Binary GRIB2 files that can be decoded via DeGRIB tool.Where can I find other NDGD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.RevisionsJuly 11, 2022: Feed updated to leverage forecast model change by NOAA, whereby the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) forecast model system was replaced with the Rapid Refresh (RAP) forecast model system. Key differences: higher accuracy with RAP now concentrated at 0-8 meter detail vs HYSPLIT at 0-100 meter; earlier data delivery by 6 hrs; forecast output extended to 51 hrs.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

This map displays projected visible surface smoke across the contiguous United States for the next 48 hours in 1 hour increments. It is updated every 24 hours by NWS. Concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic meter.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Guidance Database (NDGD) is a sister to the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). Information in NDGD may be used by NWS forecasters as guidance in preparing official NWS forecasts in NDFD. The experimental/guidance NDGD data is not an official NWS forecast product.Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndgd/GT.aq/AR.conus/ds.smokes01.binSource data archive can be found here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/weather-climate-models/national-digital-guidance-database look for 'LXQ...' files by date. These are the Binary GRIB2 files that can be decoded via DeGRIB tool.Where can I find other NDGD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.RevisionsJuly 11, 2022: Feed updated to leverage forecast model change by NOAA, whereby the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) forecast model system was replaced with the Rapid Refresh (RAP) forecast model system. Key differences: higher accuracy with RAP now concentrated at 0-8 meter detail vs HYSPLIT at 0-100 meter; earlier data delivery by 6 hrs; forecast output extended to 51 hrs.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

This map displays the wind forecast over the next 72 hours across the contiguous United States, in 3 hour increments, including wind direction, wind gust, and sustained wind speed.Zoom in on the Map to refine the detail for a desired area. The Wind Gust is the maximum 3-second wind speed (in mph) forecast to occur within a 2-minute interval within a 3 hour period at a height of 10 meters Above Ground Level (AGL). The Wind Speed is the expected sustained wind speed (in mph) for the indicated 3 hour period at a height of 10 meters AGL. Data are updated hourly from the National Digital Forecast Database produced by the National Weather Service.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces gridded forecasts of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Wind Speed Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.wspd.binWind Gust Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.wgust.binWind Direction Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.wdir.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.Alternate SymbologyFeature Layer item that uses Vector Marker Symbols to render point arrows, easily altered by user. The color palette uses the Beaufort Scale for Wind Speed. https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=45cd2d4f5b9a4f299182c518ffa15977 This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

The Service Records Retention System (SRRS) was developed to store weather observations, summaries, forecasts, warnings, and advisories provided by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) for public use, and are retained by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) [formerly the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)].

Service products issued by the NWS offices are transmitted on the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) or Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) communications to an NWS Gateway (NWSTG) server. The products are then electronically transferred to the NCEI and ingested into the Hierarchal Data Storage System (HDSS) for records retention. The three basic groupings of NWS Service Products (SP) are: 1) Observations: reports originated by NWS, Federal Aviation Administration, or Department of Defense facilities and transmitted through the NWS Telecommunication Gateway, NOAAPORT, or equivalent. These reports include, but are not limited to, surface observations (including Automated Surface Observing System and Automated Weather Observing System reports), pilot reports, upper air reports, marine reports, and automated buoy observations; 2) Forecasts: all official routine and non-routine disseminated products related to, or derived from, NWS forecast and warning programs (alphanumeric and graphic format), regardless of dissemination method; and 3) Graphics: all routine and non-routine environmental data analysis graphics, such as surface analysis, standard layer upper air analyses, weather depiction, radar summary, etc.; and all routine and non-routine graphics represented as official NWS forecasts including aviation prognostic graphics (e.g., Low Level and High Level Significant Weather Prognosis) produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and other NWS facilities (e.g., Alaska Aviation Weather Unit).

This map displays the minimum and maximum air temperature forecast over the next 3 days across the Contiguous United States, Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico in daily increments. Minimum temperatures are typically at night, while maximum temperatures are typically afternoon. The original raster data has been processed into 1-degree contours and both Layers include a Time Series set to a 24-hour time interval.The minimum and maximum temperatures are the forecasted ambient air temperature in °F.See sister data product for Apparent and Expected Hourly TemperaturesRevisionsApr 21, 2022: Added Forecast Period Number 'Interval' field for an alternate query method to the Timeline of data.Apr 22, 2022: Set 'Min Temperature' layer visibility to False by default, so only Max temperature is visible when initially viewed.Sep 1, 2022: Updated renderer Arcade logic on layers to correctly symbolize on values greater than 120 and less than -60 degrees.DetailService Data update interval is: HourlyWhere is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces gridded forecasts of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Overnight Minimum Temperature Source:CONUS: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.mint.binALASKA: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.alaska/VP.001-003/ds.mint.binHAWAII: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.hawaii/VP.001-003/ds.mint.binGUAM: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.guam/VP.001-003/ds.mint.binPUERTO RICO: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.puertori/VP.001-003/ds.mint.binDaytime Maximum Temperature Source:CONUS: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.maxt.binALASKA: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.alaska/VP.001-003/ds.maxt.binHAWAII: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.hawaii/VP.001-003/ds.maxt.binGUAM: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.guam/VP.001-003/ds.maxt.binPUERTO RICO: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.puertori/VP.001-003/ds.maxt.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This feature service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page.

The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) contains a seamless mosaic of the National Weather Service's (NWS) digital forecasts of precipitation amounts. In collaboration with NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFO), the central NDFD server ingests 5-km, 2-dimensional grids of precipitation amounts, and creates experimental forecast data mosaics for the coterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam.

This map displays the Apparent and Expected Air Temperature forecast over the next 72 hours across the Contiguous United States, Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico in 3 hour increments. The original raster data has been processed into 1-degree contours.Two layers are included: apparent and expected temperature, both include a Time Series set to a 3-hour time interval. The apparent temperature is the perceived (or feels like) temperature derived from either a combination of temperature and wind (wind chill) or temperature and humidity (heat index) for the indicated hour. When the temperature at a particular grid point falls to 50 °F or less, wind chill will be used for that point for the apparent temperature. When the temperature at a grid point rises above 80 °F, the heat index will be used for apparent temperature.
Between 51 and 80 °F, the apparent temperature will be the ambient air temperature.The expected temperature is the forecasted ambient air temperature in °F.See sister data product for Min and Max Daily TemperaturesRevisionsApr 21, 2022: Added Forecast Period Number 'Interval' field for an alternate query method to the Timeline of data. Disabled Time Series by default to improve initial Map Viewer exprience and added a Filter for 'interval = 1' to display initial forecast time data (current time period).Apr 22, 2022: Set 'Apparent Temperature' layer visibility to True by default, so content is visible when initially viewed.Sep 1, 2022: Updated renderer Arcade logic on layers to correctly symbolize on values greater than 120 and less than -60 degrees.DetailService Data update interval is: HourlyWhere is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces gridded forecasts of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Apparent Temperature Source:CONUS: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.apt.binALASKA: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.alaska/VP.001-003/ds.apt.binHAWAII: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.hawaii/VP.001-003/ds.apt.binGUAM: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.guam/VP.001-003/ds.apt.binPUERTO RICO: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.puertori/VP.001-003/ds.apt.binExpected Temperature Source:CONUS: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.temp.binALASKA: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.alaska/VP.001-003/ds.temp.binHAWAII: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.hawaii/VP.001-003/ds.temp.binGUAM: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.guam/VP.001-003/ds.temp.binPUERTO RICO: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.puertori/VP.001-003/ds.temp.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This feature service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation or add a Filter using the 'Forecast Period Number'.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page.

Please note, this dataset has been superseded by a newer version (see below). New version is only used starting from the last date this version was updated. National Weather Service (NWS) Station Information System (SIS) contains observing station metadata from November 2014 to present. These are renditions are used to update the Historical Observing Metadata Repository (HOMR) daily. Within this dataset will be embedded PDFs which will be loaded into Environmental Document Access and Display System (EDADS) Version 2 (EV2) and JSON machine readable version of the information on the PDFs which will be integrated into Historical Observing Metadata Repository (HOMR). Currently only Cooperative ObserverProgram (COOP) (www.nws.noaa.gov/os/coop) station metadata are being submitted. NWS plans to add additional types of stations to this dataset which will may require additional data elements.

Hourly Precipitation Data (HPD) is digital data set DSI-3240, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The primary source of data for this file is approximately 5,500 US National Weather Service (NWS), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and cooperative observer stations in the United States of America, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and various Pacific Islands. The earliest data dates vary considerably by state and region: Maine, Pennsylvania, and Texas have data since 1900. The western Pacific region that includes Guam, American Samoa, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau have data since 1978. Other states and regions have earliest dates between those extremes. The latest data in all states and regions is from the present day. The major parameter in DSI-3240 is precipitation amounts, which are measurements of hourly or daily precipitation accumulation. Accumulation was for longer periods of time if for any reason the rain gauge was out of service or no observer was present. DSI 3240_01 contains data grouped by state; DSI 3240_02 contains data grouped by year.

This map displays the expected total accumulation of new snow over the next 72 hours across the contiguous United States. Data are updated hourly from the National Digital Forecast Database produced by the National Weather Service.The dataset includes incremental and cumulative snowfall data in 6-hour intervals. In the ArcGIS Online map viewer you can enable the time animation feature and select either the amount by time (incremental) or accumulation by time (cumulative) layers to view a 72-hour animation of forecast precipitation. All times are reported according to your local time zone.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces gridded forecasts of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.snow.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

This map displays the predicted ice accumulation for the next 72 hours across the contiguous United States. Data are updated hourly from the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) produced by the National Weather Service. The dataset includes incremental and cumulative precipitation data in 6-hour intervals. In the ArcGIS Online map viewer you can enable the time animation feature and select either the "Amount by Time" (incremental) layer or the "Accumulation by Time" (cumulative) layer to view a 72-hour animation of forecast precipitation. All times are reported according to your local time zone.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces forecast data of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.iceaccum.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

Service Records and Retention System (SRRS) is historical digital data set DSI-9949, a collection of products created by the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) and archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) [formerly National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)]. SRRS was a network of computers and associated hardware whose purpose was to transmit and store a large number of NWS products and make them available as needed. Basic meteorological and hydrological data, analyses, forecasts, and warnings are distributed among NWS offices over the AFOS (Automation of Field Operations and Services) communications system since 1978. These include PIREP (aircraft reports from pilots), AIRMET (aeronautical meteorological bulletins), SIGMET (significant meteorological information), surface and upper air plotted unanalyzed maps, air stagnation, precipitable water, Forecasts such as wind and temperature aloft, thickness and analysis, fire weather, area, local, zone, state, agricultural advisory, and terminal; and Warnings such as marine, severe weather, hurricane and tornado. The AFOS system was developed to increase the productivity and effectiveness of NWS personnel and to increase the timeliness and quality of their warning and forecasting services.

This format version of the SRRS data was archived at NCEI from 1983 to 2001 (when a new format was created). The NCEI can service requests for products from the SRRS; two types of products are available to the user: 1) graphic displays of meteorological analyses and forecast charts (limited), and 2) alphanumeric displays of narrative summaries and meteorological/hydrological data. The following is a partial list of historical SRRS products available through the NCDC: rawinsonde data above 100 MB; AIREPS buoy reports; coastal flood warning; Coast Guard surface report; climatological report (daily and misc, incl monthly reports); weather advisory Coastal Waters Forecast Center (CWSU); weather statement; 3- to 5-day extended forecast; average 6- to 10-day weather outlook (local and national); aviation area forecast winds aloft forecast; flash flood statements, watches and warnings; flood statement; flood warning forecast; medium range guidance; FOUS relative humidity/temperature guidance; FOUS prog max/min temp/POP guidance; FOUS wind/cloud guidance; Great Lakes forecast; hurricane local statement; high seas forecast; international aviation observations; local forecast; local storm report; rawinsonde observation - mandatory levels;, METAR formatted surface weather observation; marine weather statement; short term rorecast; non-precipitation warnings/watches/advisories; nearshore marine forecast (Great Lakes only), offshore aviation area forecast; offshore forecast; other marine products, other surface weather observations, pilot report plain language, ship report, state pilot report, collective recreational report; narrative radar summary radar observation; hydrology-meteorology data report; river summary; river forecast; miscellaneous river product; river recreation statement; ; regional weather summary; surface aviation observation; preliminary notice of watch and canc msg SVR; local storm watch and warning; cancelation msg SELS watch; point information message; state forecast discussion ; state forecast rawinsonde observation - significant levels; surface ship report at intermediate synoptic time; surface ship report at non-synoptic time; surface ship report at synoptic time; special weather statement international; SIGMET severe local storm watch and area outline; special marine warning; intermediate surface synoptic observation; main surface synoptic observation; severe thunderstorm warning; severe weather statement; severe storm outlook; narrative state weather summary; terminal forecast; tropical cyclone discussion; marine/aviation tropical cyclone advisory; public tropical cyclone advisory; tornado warning; transcribed weather broadcast; tropical weather discussion; tropical weather outlook and summary; AIRMET SIGMET zone forecast; terminal forecast (prior to 7/1/96); winter weather warnings, watches, advisories; marine advisory/warning; special marine warning; miscellaneous product convective SIGMET ; local ice forecast; area forecast discussion; public information statement. SRRS (DSI-9949) by the Gateway SRRS (DSI-9957; C00583). NWS products after 2001 can be obtained from those systems, from NCEI.

The U.S. Climate Normals are a large suite of data products that provide information about typical climate conditions for thousands of locations across the United States. Normals act both as a ruler to compare today’s weather and tomorrow’s forecast, and as a predictor of conditions in the near future. The official normals are calculated for a uniform 30 year period, and consist of annual/seasonal, monthly, daily, and hourly averages and statistics of temperature, precipitation, and other climatological variables from almost 15,000 U.S. weather stations.

NCEI generates the official U.S. normals every 10 years in keeping with the needs of our user community and the requirements of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and National Weather Service (NWS). The 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals are the latest in a series of decadal normals first produced in the 1950s. These data allow travelers to pack the right clothes, farmers to plant the best crop varieties, and utilities to plan for seasonal energy usage. Many other important economic decisions that are made beyond the predictive range of standard weather forecasts are either based on or influenced by climate normals.

This nowCOAST™ time-enabled map service provides maps depicting the geographic coverage of the latest NOAA/National Weather Service (NWS) WATCHES, WARNINGS, ADVISORIES, and STATEMENTS for long-duration hazardous weather, marine weather, hydrological, oceanographic, wildfire, air quality, and ecological conditions which may or are presently affecting inland, coastal, and maritime areas. A few examples include Gale Watch, Gale Warning, High Surf Advisory, High Wind Watch, Areal Flood Warning, Coastal Flood Watch, Winter Storm Warning, Wind Chill Advisory, Frost Advisory, Tropical Storm Watch, Red Flag Warning, Air Stagnation Warning, and Beach Hazards Statement. (A complete list is given in the Background Information section below.) The coverage areas of these products are usually defined by county or sub-county boundaries. The colors used to identify the different watches, advisories, warnings, and statements are the same colors used by the NWS on their map at weather.gov. The NWS products for long-duration hazardous conditions are updated in the nowCOAST map service approximately every 10 minutes. For more detailed information about the update schedule, please see: http://new.nowcoast.noaa.gov/help/#section=updateschedule. The coverage areas of these products are usually defined by county or sub-county boundaries, but for simplicity and performance reasons, adjacent WWAs of the same type, issuance, and expiration are depicted in this service as unified (merged/dissolved) polygons in the layers indicated with the suffix "(Dissolved Polygons)". However, a set of equivalent layers containing the original individual zone geometries are also included for querying purposes, and are indicated with the suffix "(Zone Polygons)". Corresponding zone polygon and dissolved polygon layers are matched together in group layers for each WWA category. The zone polygon layers are included in this service only to support query/identify operations (e.g., in order to retrieve the original zone geometry or other attributes such as a URL to the warning text bulletin) and thus will not be drawn when included in a normal map image request. Thus, the dissolved polygon layers should be used when requesting a map image (e.g. WMS GetMap or ArcGIS REST export operations), while the zone polygon layers should be used when performing a query (e.g. WMS GetFeatureInfo or ArcGIS REST query or identify operations). The colors used to identify the different watches, advisories, warnings, and statements are the same colors used by the NWS on their map at http://www.weather.gov. The NWS products for long-duration hazardous conditions are updated in the nowCOAST™ map service approximately every 10 minutes. For more detailed information about layer update frequency and timing, please reference the nowCOAST™ Dataset Update Schedule. Background Information NWS watches depict the geographic areas where the risk of hazardous weather or hydrologic events has increased significantly, but their occurrence, location, and/or timing is still uncertain. A warning depicts where a hazardous weather or hydrologic event is occurring, is imminent, or has a very high probability of occurring. A warning is used for conditions posing a threat to life or property. Advisories indicate where special weather conditions are occurring, imminent, or have a very high probability of occurring but are less serious than a warning. They are for events that may cause significant inconvenience, and if caution is not exercised, could lead to situations that may threaten life and/or property. Statements usually contain updated information on a warning and are used to let the public know when a warning is no longer in effect. NWS issues over 75 different types of watches, warnings, and advisories (WWAs). WWAs are issued by the NWS regional Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs) and also the NWS Ocean Prediction Center, National Hurricane Center, Central Pacific Hurricane Center, and Storm Prediction Center. The NWS WWAs are organized on the nowCOAST™ map viewer and within this map service by hazardous condition/threat layer groups and then by the geographic area (i.e. coastal & inland, immediate coast or maritime) for which the WWA product is targeted. This was done to allow users to select WWAs for hazardous conditions that are important to their operations or activities. Please note that the Tropical Storm and Hurricane Warnings are provided in both the High Wind Hazards: Maritime Areas and Coastal & Inland Areas layer groups and the Flooding Hazards: Coastal Areas layer group. These warnings are included in the Flooding Hazards/Coastal Areas layer group because the NWS uses those warnings to inform the public that tropical storm or hurricane winds may be accompanied by significant coastal flooding but below the thresholds required for the issuance of a storm surge warning. In addition, a tropical storm or hurricane warning may remain in effect when dangerously high water or a combination of dangerously high water and waves continue, even though the winds may be less than hurricane or tropical storm force. The NWS does not issue a Coastal Flood Warning or Advisory when a tropical storm or hurricane warning is in effect; however that does not mean that there is not a significant coastal flooding threat. High Wind Hazards (Associated with Non-Tropical & Tropical Cyclones) Maritime Areas Brisk Wind Advisory Small Craft Advisory Small Craft Advisory for Winds Gale Watch Gale Warning Storm Watch Storm Warning Hurricane Force Wind Watch Hurricane Force Wind Warning Tropical Storm Watch Tropical Storm Warning Hurricane Watch Hurricane Warning Coastal & Inland Areas High Wind Watch Wind Advisory Lake Wind Advisory High Wind Warning Tropical Storm Watch Tropical Storm Warning Hurricane Watch Hurricane Warning Hazardous Seas, Surf, and Beach Conditions Maritime Areas Small Craft Advisory for Hazardous Seas Small Craft Advisory for Rough Bar Hazardous Seas Watch Hazardous Seas Warning Immediate Coast Beach Hazards Statement High Surf Advisory High Surf Warning Low Water Advisory Rip Current Statement Flooding Hazards Coastal Areas Coastal Flood Statement Coastal Flood Watch Coastal Flood Advisory Coastal Flood Warning Lakeshore Flood Watch Lakeshore Flood Advisory Lakeshore Flood Warning Lakeshore Flood Statement Storm Surge Watch Storm Surge Warning Tsunami Watch Tsunami Warning Tropical Storm Warning Hurricane Warning Inland Areas Flood Watch (Point) (also called River Flood Watch) Flood Watch (Areal) Flood Advisory (Point) (also called River Flood Advisory) Flood Advisory (Areal) Flood Warning (Point) (also called River Flood Warning) Flood Warning (Areal) Hydrologic Outlook Hydrologic Statement Reduced Visibility Hazards Maritime Areas Dense Fog Advisory Coastal & Inland Areas Ashfall Advisory Ashfall Warning Blowing Dust Advisory Blowing Dust Warning Dense Fog Advisory Dense Smoke Advisory Freezing Spray Hazards Maritime Areas Heavy Freezing Spray Watch Freezing Spray Advisory Heavy Freezing Spray Advisory Snow, Sleet, Freezing Rain, and Freezing Fog Hazards Coastal & Inland Areas Blizzard Watch Blizzard Warning Freezing Fog Advisory Freezing Rain Advisory Ice Storm Warning Lake-Effect Snow Watch Lake-Effect Snow Advisory Lake-Effect Snow Warning Winter Storm Watch Winter Weather Advisory Winter Storm Warning Cold and Heat Hazards Coastal & Inland Areas Excessive Cold Watch Excessive Cold Warning Excessive Heat Watch Heat Advisory Excessive Heat Warning Frost Advisory Freeze Watch Freeze Warning Wind Chill Advisory Wind Chill Warning Critical Wildfire Conditions Coastal & Inland Areas Fire Weather Watch Red Flag Warning Unhealthy Air Quality Coastal & Inland Areas Air Stagnation Advisory Air Quality Alerts from states are NOT available For descriptions of individual NWS watches, warnings, and advisories please see Section 2 of the NWS Reference Guide available at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/guide/Section2.pdf. Time Information This map service is time-enabled, meaning that each individual layer contains time-varying data and can be utilized by clients capable of making map requests that include a time component. In addition to ArcGIS Server REST access, time-enabled OGC WMS 1.3.0 access is also provided by this service. This particular service can be queried with or without the use of a time component. If the time parameter is specified in a request, the data or imagery most relevant to the provided time value, if any, will be returned. If the time parameter is not specified in a request, the latest data or imagery valid for the present system time will be returned to the client. If the time parameter is not specified and no data or imagery is available for the present time, no data will be returned. This service is configured with time coverage support, meaning that the service will always return the most relevant available data, if any, to the specified time value. For example, if the service contains data valid today at 12:00 and 12:10 UTC, but a map request specifies a time value of today at 12:07 UTC, the data valid at 12:10 UTC will be returned to the user. This behavior allows more flexibility for users, especially when displaying multiple time-enabled layers together despite slight differences in temporal resolution or update frequency. When interacting with this time-enabled service, only a single instantaneous time value should be specified in each request. If instead a time range is specified in a request (i.e. separate start time and end time values are given), the data returned may be different than what was intended. Care must be taken to ensure the time value specified in each request falls within the current time coverage of the service. Because this service is frequently updated as new data becomes available, the user must periodically determine the service's time extent. However, due to software limitations, the time extent of the service and

description: The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) contains a seamless mosaic of the National Weather Service's (NWS) digital forecasts of air temperature. In collaboration with NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFO), the central NDFD server ingests 5-km, 2-dimensional grids of air temperature, and creates experimental forecast data mosaics for the coterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam.; abstract: The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) contains a seamless mosaic of the National Weather Service's (NWS) digital forecasts of air temperature. In collaboration with NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFO), the central NDFD server ingests 5-km, 2-dimensional grids of air temperature, and creates experimental forecast data mosaics for the coterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam.

• Update Frequency: Weekly

Data from this dataset can be downloaded/accessed through this dataset page and Kaggle's API.

Context

Severe weather is defined as a destructive storm or weather. It is usually applied to local, intense, often damaging storms such as thunderstorms, hail storms, and tornadoes, but it can also describe more widespread events such as tropical systems, blizzards, nor'easters, and derechos.

The Severe Weather Data Inventory (SWDI) is an integrated database of severe weather records for the United States. The records in SWDI come from a variety of sources in the NCDC archive. SWDI provides the ability to search through all of these data to find records covering a particular time period and geographic region, and to download the results of your search in a variety of formats. The formats currently supported are Shapefile (for GIS), KMZ (for Google Earth), CSV (comma-separated), and XML.

Content

The current data layers in SWDI are:
- Filtered Storm Cells (Max Reflectivity >= 45 dBZ) from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product)
- All Storm Cells from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product)
- Filtered Hail Signatures (Max Size > 0 and Probability = 100%) from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product)
- All Hail Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product)
- Mesocyclone Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Meso Product)
- Digital Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm from NEXRAD (Level-III MDA Product)
- Tornado Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III TVS Product)
- Preliminary Local Storm Reports from the NOAA National Weather Service
- Lightning Strikes from Vaisala NLDN

Disclaimer:
SWDI provides a uniform way to access data from a variety of sources, but it does not provide any additional quality control beyond the processing which took place when the data were archived. The data sources in SWDI will not provide complete severe weather coverage of a geographic region or time period, due to a number of factors (eg, reports for a location or time period not provided to NOAA). The absence of SWDI data for a particular location and time should not be interpreted as an indication that no severe weather occurred at that time and location. Furthermore, much of the data in SWDI is automatically derived from radar data and represents probable conditions for an event, rather than a confirmed occurrence.

Acknowledgements

Dataset Source: NOAA. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source — http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy — and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Cover photo by NASA on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

These National Weather Service (NWS) raw upper air data contain flight data from sites monthly. Majority are Radiosonde Replacement System (RRS) sites, spanning about 7 to 72 degrees latitude and -171 to 172 degrees longitude. Data go back to 2003 to present operational flights. Non-RRS historically, and currently, submit a monthly data package containing a "H" ASCII flight metadata file a "T" ASCII mandatory for each flight conducted during the month. They also submit a third, higher resolution data file, although in some cases NCEI does not have a decoder for those data. These raw observations are inputs to NWS Radiosonde Standard Levels data (DSI 6301), where the data are encoded at each site using the World Meteorological Organization Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR) format, then packaged with briefer ASCII formatted flight data and transmitted to NCEI via a push to NCEI's FTP from individual sites.