TTF Gas fell to 32.07 EUR/MWh on September 22, 2025, down 0.73% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has fallen 5.59%, and is down 11.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas TTF - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

Natural gas rose to 2.85 USD/MMBtu on September 23, 2025, up 1.43% from the previous day. Over the past month, Natural gas's price has risen 1.39%, and is up 1.97% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

Dutch TTF gas futures amounted to ******euros per megawatt hour on September 15, 2025 for contracts with delivery in October 2025. Figures decreased compared to the previous week. Dutch TTF is seen as a Europe-wide natural gas price benchmark. Europe more reliant on imports The Groningen gas field is the largest gas field in Europe and the major natural gas source in the Netherlands. In 2014, the first earthquake related to drilling the field occurred, and other seismic activities were also observed. Therefore, the Groningen field has drastically reduced its production output. Since then, natural gas production in the Netherlands has been in a trend of continuous decline. To balance the diminished domestic production, the European market relies on liquefied natural gas imports and pipeline inflow. LNG pricing across European regions The European gas market exhibits regional variations, as evidenced by LNG prices in different parts of the continent. The Southwest Europe LNG price is generally slightly higher than LNG prices in Northwest Europe. The latter reached around ***** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units in mid September 2025.

UK Gas fell to 79.26 GBp/thm on September 22, 2025, down 0.99% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has fallen 5.03%, and is down 8.29% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

This data is the month-end data of the time series from January 2009 to March 2023 for four commodities such as gold soybean crude oil and natural gas. These time series data can be used to estimate the market's short-term interest rate along with the Vasicek model and joint radiation term structure model., , , # Short-term interest rate estimates based on futures markets

Abstract: This data is the month-end data of the time series from January 2009 to March 2023 for four commodities such as gold soybean crude oil and natural gas. These time series data can be used to estimate the market short-term interest rate together with the Vasicek model and the joint radiation term structure model

Usage: The data in Table 1 and Table 2 can be read into the established interest rate estimation model code using python to estimate the short-term interest rate

Data structure: month-end time series data; The xlsx tables mainly include Table 1 and Table 2

Source: Bloomberg Data Terminal

Specific variable definition:

• The gold futures price is the futures price data from the end of January 2009 to the end of March 2023, in ounces per dollar
• Soybean futures prices are futures price data from the end of January 2009 to the end of March 2023, in tons per dollar
• Natural gas futures price...

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Is Natural Gas the Future?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

The timing flexibility of investments in oil and gas assets can potentially add value. In this paper we examine the value of waiting in exploration projects and propose a real option based valuation method using the Least Squares Monte Carlo Simulation. We show that the dynamics of the oil and gas prices have a large impact on the value of the option to wait; especially for projects with long lead times and durations. The uncertainty in the forward price curve is modeled using a two–factor stochastic price process. The paper also presents the valuation method in the form of MATLAB® functions and routines which can be used as an efficient test and analysis platform using the industry-standard input formats.

The price of gas in the United Kingdom was *** British pence per therm in the fourth quarter of 2024. It is anticipated gas prices will increase to *** pence in the second quarter of 2025 before gradually falling to just under ** pence by the second quarter of 2027.
Surging energy costs and the cost of living crisis At the height of the UK's cost of living crisis in 2022, approximately ** percent of UK households were experiencing rising prices compared with the previous month. It was during 2022 that the UK's CPI inflation rate reached a peak of **** percent, in October of that year. Food and energy, in particular, were the main drivers of inflation during this period, with energy inflation reaching **** percent, and food prices increasing by **** percent at the height of the crisis. Although prices fell to more expected levels by 2024, an uptick in inflation is forecast for 2025, with prices rising by *** percent in the third quarter of the year. Global Inflation Crisis The UK was not alone in suffering rapid inflation during this time period, with several countries across the world experiencing an inflation crisis. The roots of the crisis began as the global economy gradually emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Blocked-up supply chains, struggled to recover as quickly as consumer demand, with food and energy prices also facing upward pressure. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to Europe gradually weening itself of cheap Russian energy exports, while for several months Ukraine struggled to export crucial food supplies to the rest of the World.

The global blower fan wheel market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a value of $621.5 million in 2025, expanding at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.2% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is driven by increasing demand across various industries, primarily the petroleum and gas, paper, and mining sectors, where efficient ventilation and air movement are critical for operational safety and productivity. The adoption of advanced materials and designs in forward and backward curve fan wheels is further fueling market expansion. Technological advancements leading to higher efficiency and longer lifespan of these wheels contribute significantly to this positive outlook. Furthermore, stringent environmental regulations in several regions are pushing industries to adopt energy-efficient blower fan wheel technologies, further stimulating market growth. However, factors such as high initial investment costs and potential supply chain disruptions could pose challenges. The market is segmented by application (petroleum and gas, paper, mining, and others) and type (backward curve and forward curve fan wheels), allowing for targeted market penetration by manufacturers. Key players in the market include Punker, Fasco, Lau, Packard, Dayton, Broan-Nutone, and several others, competing through innovation, cost optimization, and geographic expansion. The North American market currently holds a significant share, driven by substantial industrial activity, while the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth due to rapid industrialization and infrastructure development. The diverse range of applications and the ongoing technological advancements within the blower fan wheel sector suggest a continued upward trajectory for the market. The strong presence of established players coupled with the emergence of new entrants indicates a competitive landscape marked by innovation and efficiency improvements. The global shift towards sustainability and energy conservation continues to create opportunities for manufacturers producing eco-friendly and energy-efficient blower fan wheel solutions. While challenges related to raw material costs and geopolitical uncertainties exist, the overall market outlook remains positive, driven by robust demand and technological advancements that promise greater efficiency and longevity for blower fan wheels.

Gasoline rose to 1.98 USD/Gal on September 22, 2025, up 0.54% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gasoline's price has fallen 8.00%, and is down 1.12% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gasoline - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

Exploring the mechanisms of competition for water resources in the regional food and energy industries,taking effective countermeasures in advance will help to promote the sustainable development of the regional food and energy industries. Based on the theory of water footprint, this paper quantifies the water footprint of grain and energy in Shanxi Province, China, and the competition index of energy-grain industry to water resources. Through the ratio of grain blue water and energy water footprint to total water consumption in the region, this study coupled the characteristics of their proportional changes to obtain a competition index that can characterize the competition relationship between regional food and energy industries for water resources. The results showed that (1) In 2000–2021, although the grain yield increased by 81.1%, the grain water footprint only increased by 11.2%, with an average annual growth of 1.0%. The proportion of blue, green and gray water footprints changed from 14.1%, 54.3% and 31.6% in 2000 to 18.8%, 41.2% and 39.9% in 2021, respectively. (2) The energy water footprint increased at an average annual rate of 10.8%, an increase of 544.7% over the period. The coal, natural gas and thermal water footprints in 2021 have increased by a factor of 2.7, 109.2 and 4.0, respectively, compared to 2000. Coal’s share of the energy water footprint is 70.6%. (3) The average value of the food and energy industry’s competition index for water resources is 0.77, increasing from 0.42 in 2000 to 0.94 in 2021, an average annual increase of 4.3%. These results show that the future sustainable development of the region is facing the major challenge. Therefore, from the perspective of reducing the demand for crop and energy water footprint, some suggestions are put forward to effectively promote the healthy development of the region.

The Oil Swap Model service by TraditionData provides a real-time source for oil swaps pricing data, drawn from a combination of electronic data feeds and broker input.

• Combines electronic data and broker insights for real-time pricing.
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On September 15, 2025, the Brent crude oil price stood at 67.45 U.S. dollars per barrel, compared to 63.3 U.S. dollars for WTI oil and 71.01 U.S. dollars for the OPEC basket. Oil prices rose slightly that week.Europe's Brent crude oil, the U.S. WTI crude oil, and OPEC's basket are three of the most important benchmarks used by traders as reference for global oil and gasoline prices. Lowest ever oil prices during coronavirus pandemic In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic resulted in crude oil prices hitting a major slump as oil demand drastically declined following lockdowns and travel restrictions. Initial outlooks and uncertainty surrounding the course of the pandemic brought about a disagreement between two of the largest oil producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia, in early March. Bilateral talks between global oil producers ended in agreement on April 13th, with promises to cut petroleum output and hopes rising that these might help stabilize the oil price in the coming weeks. However, with storage facilities and oil tankers quickly filling up, fears grew over where to store excess oil, leading to benchmark prices seeing record negative prices between April 20 and April 22, 2020. How crude oil prices are determined As with most commodities, crude oil prices are impacted by supply and demand, as well as inventories and market sentiment. However, as oil is most often traded in future contracts (where a contract is agreed upon while product delivery will follow in the next two to three months), market speculation is one of the principal determinants for oil prices. Traders make conclusions on how production output and consumer demand will likely develop over the coming months, leaving room for uncertainty. Spot prices differ from futures in so far as they reflect the current market price of a commodity.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global data business in oil gas market size will be USD 41251.8 million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.80% from 2025 to 2033.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 15263.17 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.6% from 2025 to 2033.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 11963.02 million.
APAC held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 9900.43 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.8% from 2025 to 2033.
South America has a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1567.57 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.8% from 2025 to 2033.
The Middle East had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 1650.07 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.1% from 2025 to 2033.
Africa had a market share of around 1% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 907.54 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.5% from 2025 to 2033.
Regulatory data category is the fastest growing segment of the data business in oil gas industry

Market Dynamics of Data Business in Oil Gas Market

Key Drivers for Data Business in Oil Gas Market

Integration of Cloud Computing for Data Storage and Accessibility Fuels Market Growth

Integration of cloud computing for data storage and accessibility fuels market growth in the data business in oil gas market. Cloud computing enables oil and gas companies to store vast amounts of operational and exploration data in a scalable, secure, and cost-effective manner. It enhances collaboration among teams across different locations by providing real-time access to critical information. This improves decision-making, operational efficiency, and response times. Furthermore, cloud platforms support advanced analytics, machine learning, and remote monitoring applications essential for modern oilfield operations. As the industry continues to embrace digital transformation, the demand for cloud-based solutions is expected to rise significantly, driving growth in the data business in oil gas market globally.

Advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Optimization Drives Market Growth

Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are significantly driving growth in the data business in oil gas market. These technologies enable predictive analytics, process automation, and real-time decision-making, enhancing operational efficiency across exploration, drilling, and production. AI and ML help identify patterns in massive datasets, allowing operators to forecast equipment failures, reduce downtime, and optimize asset performance. Their integration supports cost reduction and improves safety by automating routine tasks and minimizing human intervention. With growing pressure to enhance productivity and manage resources effectively, the adoption of AI and ML is becoming essential. As a result, these advancements are a key force propelling the data business in oil gas market forward.

Restraint Factor for the Data Business in Oil Gas Market

Resistance to Change from Traditional to Digital Processes among Operators Restricts Market Growth

In the data business in oil gas market, one significant challenge is the resistance to change from traditional to digital processes among operators. Many oil and gas companies have long relied on conventional methods and legacy systems, creating hesitation when it comes to adopting new digital solutions. This resistance often stems from a lack of digital literacy, concerns over costs, and uncertainty about the return on investment. Additionally, older infrastructures may not easily integrate with modern data platforms, further slowing the transition. This reluctance hampers the implementation of advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, and cloud computing, ultimately restricting the market’s potential growth and slowing innovation across the industry.

Market Trends in Data Business in Oil Gas Market

Development of Advanced Remote Monitoring Tools for Offshore and Rem...

Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in August 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

Leaf photosynthetic parameters including quantum yield, convexity, respiration and gross CO2 assimilation rate determined from the response of photosynthesis to irradiance and supporting raw gas exchange data. Measured in Barrow, Alaska in 2016 on six plant species: Arctophila fulva, Arctagrostis latifolia, Carex aquatilis, Eriophorum angustifolium, Petasites frigidus, and Salix pulchra. Version 2 (V2) note (01 Feb 2021): An earlier version of this data contained an incorrectly labeled data column in NGA175_AQfittedParams_Barrow_2016.csv. Mean_Ci was incorrectly labeled as Mean_Ci_LowLight. "_v2" contains the correct data for both of these variables. In December 2020, these data were updated to comply with the leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata reporting format (Ely et al 2020, doi:10.15485/1659484). These updates involved editing of some variable names, change of file formats to csv, addition of AQ curves data (subset of complete instrument output included in the original data package) and inclusion of additional methods and instrument details metadata files. No changes were made to the data. The package includes six *.csv files and one *.pdf. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 10-year research effort (2012-2022) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

Pyrolysis is becoming a promising technology for waste wood resource recovery. To perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) of this technology, inventory data were collected from relevant studies published in 2000–2023, which included 67 and 31 data sets for untreated wood (UW) and wood-based composites (WBC), respectively. Proximate and ultimate analyses of raw waste wood and pyrolysis products were summarized and compared. The average ash contents were 1.04% ± 0.91% for UW and 2.65% ± 3.52% for WBC, and WBC exhibited a higher nitrogen content than UW. Correlations between pyrolysis products, raw materials, and different temperatures were demonstrated. Pyrolysis yield, energy yield, and pyrolysis gas composition were statistically analyzed. The average weights of the char, gas, and liquid fractions per kilogram of input were 0.26 ± 0.10, 0.33 ± 0.16, and 0.41 ± 0.13 (kg/kg) for UW, respectively. Char yield was higher at low temperature than at high temperature, whereas gas yield was higher at high temperature and heating rate than at low temperature and heating rate. The energy yield of char and liquid was much higher than that of gas at low temperature, while the energy yield of char and gas was higher than that of liquid at high temperature. The average energy distributions at low temperatures were 44.4% ± 11.2% for char, 45.4% ± 14.4% for liquid, and 15.0% ± 10.5% for gas. Gas yield and composition varied substantially at different temperatures. Statistical analysis in terms of energy consumption was not conducted due to the lack of these data in the original references. This study provides inventory data for waste wood pyrolysis that can be employed in feasibility assessments and LCA studies.

Stainless Steel Gas Tubes and Fittings Market Outlook

The global stainless steel gas tubes and fittings market size was estimated at USD 8.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 13.5 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% during the forecast period. The market growth is driven by the increasing demand for durable and corrosion-resistant materials in various applications, including oil & gas, chemical & petrochemical, and power generation. Additionally, the rise in construction activities and the expansion of industrial sectors in emerging economies further bolster the market growth.

One of the primary growth factors in this market is the burgeoning oil and gas industry. With the global demand for energy on the rise, there is a significant need for advanced infrastructure that ensures the safe and efficient transportation of gas. Stainless steel gas tubes and fittings are favored for their superior resistance to high temperatures and corrosive environments, making them ideal for use in oil and gas pipelines. Furthermore, advancements in extraction technologies, such as hydraulic fracturing and deep-water drilling, are expected to further drive the demand for these components.

In addition to the oil and gas sector, the chemical and petrochemical industries are also major contributors to the growth of the stainless steel gas tubes and fittings market. These industries require materials that can withstand harsh chemical reactions and extreme temperatures. The inherent properties of stainless steel, such as its robustness, durability, and resistance to corrosion, make it an ideal choice for use in reactors, storage tanks, and other critical applications. The increasing production of chemicals and petrochemicals, driven by growing demand in end-user industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and consumer goods, further fuels market growth.

The power generation sector represents another significant growth avenue for the market. With the global shift towards cleaner energy sources and the modernization of existing power infrastructure, there is an escalating requirement for materials that offer reliability and longevity. Stainless steel gas tubes and fittings are extensively used in power plants, particularly in gas turbines and nuclear reactors, due to their ability to perform under high stress and corrosive conditions. This growing emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainability is expected to propel the market forward.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate in the stainless steel gas tubes and fittings market. The rapid industrialization and urbanization in countries such as China, India, and Japan, coupled with significant investments in infrastructure projects, have created a robust demand for stainless steel products. Additionally, the presence of a large number of chemical and petrochemical plants in the region further supports market growth. North America and Europe are also substantial markets, driven by the established oil & gas and chemical industries, along with the continuous upgrading of power generation facilities.

Compression Tube Fitting technology is becoming increasingly crucial in the stainless steel gas tubes and fittings market. These fittings are designed to provide secure, leak-proof connections in high-pressure environments, making them indispensable in industries such as oil & gas, chemical processing, and power generation. The precision and reliability of compression tube fittings ensure that they can handle the rigorous demands of these sectors, where safety and efficiency are paramount. As industries continue to evolve and demand more robust solutions, the role of compression tube fittings is expected to grow, offering enhanced performance and longevity in various applications. Their adaptability to different materials and sizes further underscores their importance in the market, allowing for seamless integration into existing systems.

Product Type Analysis

The stainless steel gas tubes and fittings market can be segmented by product type into seamless tubes, welded tubes, and tube fittings. Seamless tubes are highly valued for their uniform strength and ability to withstand high pressure, making them suitable for critical applications in the oil & gas, chemical, and power generation industries. These tubes are manufactured through a process that involves the extrusion of steel billets, which results

Propane traded flat at 0.71 USD/Gal on September 22, 2025. Over the past month, Propane's price has risen 4.12%, and is up 10.76% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Propane - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

The global nitrogen trifluoride & fluorine gas market size reached USD 23.0 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 56.8 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 9.51% during 2025-2033. The widespread product adoption in the manufacturing of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and flat panel display technologies, the rise in the production of smartphones, and smart TVs, and technological advancements are some of the major factors propelling the market.

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the global nitrogen trifluoride & fluorine gas report, along with forecasts at the global, regional, and country levels from 2025-2033. Our report has categorized the market based on application.