The dataset contains GIS data and JPEG maps of nature-based solution scenarios and related benefits in three case-study cities partners of the H2020 project Naturvation (https://naturvation.eu/): Barcelona (Spain), Malmö (Sweden), and Utrecht (the Netherlands). The data were produced as part of the research described in the article “Scaling up nature-based solutions for climate-change adaptation: potential and benefits in three European cities”, published in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening (doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127450). The dataset is structured into three main folders, one for each city. Each folder contains six raster maps of land cover under different scenarios, a vector map with the results of the assessment of the selected benefits at the local level, and a sub-folder with the benefit maps printed in JPEG format. The six scenarios include the current condition (Baseline - LC); four scenarios that simulates the full-scale implementation of one specific type of nature-based solutions: installing green roofs (GreenRoofs - GR), de-sealing parking areas (ParkingAreas - PA), enhancing vegetation in urban parks (Parks - PK), and planting street trees (StreetTrees - ST); and a scenario considering the contemporaneous implementation of all four types of nature-based solutions (GreenDream - GD). The simulated full-scale implementation is based on space availability and technical feasibility: other constraints to the implementation of nature-based solutions are not considered. The five benefits assessed include two benefits related to climate change adaptation, i.e. heat mitigation (HM) and runoff reduction (RR), and three co-benefits, namely carbon storage (CS), biodiversity potential (BP), and overall greenness (OG). The vector maps and related JPEG prints show the results of the assessment at the block level. Blocks are based on a modified version of Urban Atlas polygons obtained by removing streets and railroads. Maps have coordinate reference system UTRS89 - LAEA Europe (EPSG:3035) and cover the whole administrative territory of the respective city, excluding the sea. Raster maps are provided in Geotiff format, UInt 16, with a resolution of 1 m. The legend includes eight land cover classes: water (0), trees (1), low vegetation (2), impervious (4), agriculture (5), buildings (10), green roofs (11), vegetation over water (13), permeable parking areas (14). The attribute tables of the vector maps store the value of the selected benefits for each block, together with the links to the original Urban Atlas polygons. Scenarios and benefits are identified by their two-letter codes as reported above. The printed JPEG maps of benefits have a common legend, to allow for comparison between cities.

Context

I made this dataset while performing Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffss (InVEST) models of wetlands in India.

Content

This dataset is a collection of Geographic Information System (GIS) data sourced from various public domains. It includes shapefiles, image raster files, etc which can are primarily developed with the aim of using with GIS software such as ArcGIS Pro, QGIS, etc. Most of the datasets are global in nature with some, like the OpenStreetMap data pertaining to India only. The data is as described below:

Snapshot img

GIS Market Size 2025-2029

The GIS market size is forecast to increase by USD 24.07 billion, at a CAGR of 20.3% between 2024 and 2029.

The Global Geographic Information System (GIS) market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and GIS technologies. This convergence enables more effective spatial analysis and decision-making in various industries, particularly in soil and water management. However, the market faces challenges, including the lack of comprehensive planning and preparation leading to implementation failures of GIS solutions. Companies must address these challenges by investing in thorough project planning and collaboration between GIS and BIM teams to ensure successful implementation and maximize the potential benefits of these advanced technologies.
By focusing on strategic planning and effective implementation, organizations can capitalize on the opportunities presented by the growing adoption of GIS and BIM technologies, ultimately driving operational efficiency and innovation.

What will be the Size of the GIS Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The global Geographic Information Systems (GIS) market continues to evolve, driven by the increasing demand for advanced spatial data analysis and management solutions. GIS technology is finding applications across various sectors, including natural resource management, urban planning, and infrastructure management. The integration of Bing Maps, terrain analysis, vector data, Lidar data, and Geographic Information Systems enables precise spatial data analysis and modeling. Hydrological modeling, spatial statistics, spatial indexing, and route optimization are essential components of GIS, providing valuable insights for sectors such as public safety, transportation planning, and precision agriculture. Location-based services and data visualization further enhance the utility of GIS, enabling real-time mapping and spatial analysis.

The ongoing development of OGC standards, spatial data infrastructure, and mapping APIs continues to expand the capabilities of GIS, making it an indispensable tool for managing and analyzing geospatial data. The continuous unfolding of market activities and evolving patterns in the market reflect the dynamic nature of this technology and its applications.

How is this GIS Industry segmented?

The GIS industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Software
  Data
  Services


Type

  Telematics and navigation
  Mapping
  Surveying
  Location-based services


Device

  Desktop
  Mobile


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The software segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The Global Geographic Information System (GIS) market encompasses a range of applications and technologies, including raster data, urban planning, geospatial data, geocoding APIs, GIS services, routing APIs, aerial photography, satellite imagery, GIS software, geospatial analytics, public safety, field data collection, transportation planning, precision agriculture, OGC standards, location intelligence, remote sensing, asset management, network analysis, spatial analysis, infrastructure management, spatial data standards, disaster management, environmental monitoring, spatial modeling, coordinate systems, spatial overlay, real-time mapping, mapping APIs, spatial join, mapping applications, smart cities, spatial data infrastructure, map projections, spatial databases, natural resource management, Bing Maps, terrain analysis, vector data, Lidar data, and geographic information systems.

The software segment includes desktop, mobile, cloud, and server solutions. Open-source GIS software, with its industry-specific offerings, poses a challenge to the market, while the adoption of cloud-based GIS software represents an emerging trend. However, the lack of standardization and interoperability issues hinder the widespread adoption of cloud-based solutions. Applications in sectors like public safety, transportation planning, and precision agriculture are driving market growth. Additionally, advancements in technologies like remote sensing, spatial modeling, and real-time mapping are expanding the market's scope.

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The Software segment was valued at USD 5.06 billion in 2019 and sho

The Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US) is a geodatabase, managed by USGS GAP, that illustrates and describes public land ownership, management and other conservation lands, including voluntarily provided privately protected areas. The State, Regional and LCC geodatabases contain two feature classes. The PADUS1_3_FeeEasement feature class and the national MPA feature class. Legitimate and other protected area overlaps exist in the full inventory, with Easements loaded on top of Fee. Parcel data within a protected area are dissolved in this file that powers the PAD-US Viewer. As overlaps exist, GAP creates separate analytical layers to summarize area statistics for "GAP Status Code" and "Owner Name". Contact the PAD-US Coordinator for more information. The lands included in PAD-US are assigned conservation measures that qualify their intent to manage lands for the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreational and cultural uses; managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means. The geodatabase includes: 1) Geographic boundaries of public land ownership and voluntarily provided private conservation lands (e.g., Nature Conservancy Preserves); 2) The combination land owner, land manager, management designation or type, parcel name, GIS Acres and source of geographic information of each mapped land unit 3) GAP Status Code conservation measure of each parcel based on USGS National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) protection level categories which provide a measurement of management intent for long-term biodiversity conservation 4) IUCN category for a protected area's inclusion into UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre's World Database for Protected Areas. IUCN protected areas are defined as, "A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values" and are categorized following a classification scheme available through USGS GAP; 5) World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA) Site Codes linking the multiple parcels of a single protected area in PAD-US and connecting them to the Global Community. As legitimate and other overlaps exist in the combined inventory GAP creates separate analytical layers to obtain area statistics for "GAP Status Code" and "Owner Name". PAD-US version 1.3 Combined updates include: 1) State, local government and private protected area updates delivered September 2011 from PAD-US State Data Stewards: CO (Colorado State University), FL (Florida Natural Areas Inventory), ID (Idaho Fish and Game), MA (The Commonwealth's Office of Geographic Information Systems, MassGIS), MO (University of Missouri, MoRAP), MT (Montana Natural Heritage Program), NM (Natural Heritage New Mexico), OR (Oregon Natural Heritage Program), VA (Department of Conservation and Recreation, Virginia Natural Heritage Program). 2) Select local government (i.e. county, city) protected areas (3,632) across the country (to complement the current PAD-US inventory) aggregated by the Trust for Public Land (TPL) for their Conservation Almanac that tracks the conservation finance movement across the country. 3) A new Date of Establishment field that identifies the year an area was designated or otherwise protected, attributed for 86% of GAP Status Code 1 and 2 protected areas. Additional dates will be provided in future updates. 4) A national wilderness area update from wilderness.net 5) The Access field that describes public access to protected areas as defined by data stewards or categorical assignment by Primary Designation Type. . The new Access Source field documents local vs. categorical assignments. See the PAD-US Standard Manual for more information: gapanalysis.usgs.gov/padus 6) The transfer of conservation measures (i.e. GAP Status Codes, IUCN Categories) and documentation (i.e. GAP Code Source, GAP Code Date) from PAD-US version 1.2 or categorical assignments (see PAD-US Standard) when not provided by data stewards 7) Integration of non-sensitive National Conservation Easement Database (NCED) easements from August 2011, July 2012 with PAD-US version 1.2 easements. Duplicates were removed, unless 'Stacked' = Y and multiple easements exist. 8) Unique ID's transferred from NCED or requested for new easements. NCED and PAD-US are linked via Source UID in the PAD-US version 1.3 Easement feature class. 9) Official (member and eligible) MPAs from the NOAA MPA Inventory (March 2011, www.mpa.gov) translated into the PAD-US schema with conservation measures transferred from PAD-US version 1.2 or categorically assigned to new protected areas. Contact the PAD-US Coordinator for documentation of categorical GAP Status Code assignments for MPAs. 10) Identified MPA records that overlap existing protected areas in the PAD-US Fee feature class (i.e. PADUS Overlap field in MPA feature class). For example, many National Wildlife Refuges and National Parks are also MPAs and are represented in the PAD-US MPA and Fee feature classes.

Data for maps and figures in "Global Potential for Harvesting Drinking Water from Air using Solar Energy" in Nature.

This geodatabase reflects the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) ongoing commitment to its mission of understanding the nature and distribution of global mineral commodity supply chains by updating and publishing the georeferenced locations of mineral commodity production and processing facilities, mineral exploration and development sites, and mineral commodity exporting ports in Africa. The geodatabase and geospatial data layers serve to create a new geographic information product in the form of a geospatial portable document format (PDF) map. The geodatabase contains data layers from USGS, foreign governmental, and open-source sources as follows: (1) mineral production and processing facilities, (2) mineral exploration and development sites, (3) mineral occurrence sites and deposits, (4) undiscovered mineral resource tracts for Gabon and Mauritania, (5) undiscovered mineral resource tracts for potash, platinum-group elements, and copper, (6) coal occurrence areas, (7) electric po ...

The Tagaeri Taromenane People are two indigenous groups belonging to the Waorani first nation living in voluntary isolation within the Napo region of the western Amazon rainforest. To protect their territory the Ecuadorean State has declared and geographically defined, by Decrees, the Zona Intangible Tagaeri Taromenane (ZITT). This zone is located within the UNESCO Yasuní Biosphere Reserve (1989), one of the most biodiverse areas in the world. Due to several hydrocarbon reserve exploitation projects running in the area and the advancing of a large-scale deforestation front, the survival of these groups is presently at risk. The general aim was to validate the ZITT boundary using the geographical references included in the Decree 2187 (2007) by analyzing the geomorphological characteristics of the area. Remote sensing data such as Digital Elevation Models (DEM), Landsat imagery, topographic cartography of IGM-Ecuador, and fieldwork geographical data have been integrated and processed by Geographical Information System (GIS). The ZITT presents two levels of geographic inconsistencies. The first dimension is about the serious cartographical weaknesses in the perimeter delimitation related to the impossibility of linking two rivers belonging to different basins while the second deals with the perimeter line not respecting the hydrographic network. The GIS analysis results clearly show that ZITT boundary is cartographically nonsense due to the impossibility of mapping out the perimeter. Furthermore, GIS analysis of anthropological data shows presence of Tagaeri Taromenane clans outside the ZITT perimeter, within oil production areas and in nearby farmer settlements, reflecting the limits of protection policies for non-contacted indigenous territory. The delimitation of the ZITT followed a traditional pattern of geometric boundary not taking into account the nomadic characteristic of Tagaeri Taromenane: it is necessary to adopt geographical approaches to recognize the indigenous right to their liveable territories in the complex territorialities enacted by different stakeholders.

Non-government agency Nature Reserves are polygon features describing lands held by nature trusts and other non-government agencies for the purpose of nature conservation. We are no longer updating this data. It is best suited for historical research and analysis. This product requires the use of geographic information system (GIS) software.

This guide will introduce the open data resources available in the CA Nature website and familiarize you with key features and capabilities of the site.

CA Nature is an online Geographic Information System (or GIS), that collects a suite of publicly accessible interactive digital mapping tools and data.

This TNC Lands spatial dataset represents the lands and waters in which The Nature Conservancy (TNC) currently has, or historically had, an interest, legal or otherwise. The system of record for TNC Lands is the Legal Records Management (LRM) system, which is TNC’s database for all TNC land transactions. TNC properties should not be considered open to the public unless specifically designated as being so. TNC may change the access status at any time at its sole discretion. It's recommended to visit preserve-specific websites or contact the organization operating the preserve before any planned visit for the latest conditions, notices, and closures. TNC prohibits redistribution or display of the data in maps or online in any way that misleadingly implies such lands are universally open to the public. The types of current land interests represented in the TNC Lands data include: Fields and Attributes included in the public dataset:

Field Name

Field Definition

Attributes

Attribute Definitions

Public Name

The name of the tract that The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Business Unit (BU) uses for public audiences.

Public name of tract if applicable

n/a

TNC Primary Interest

The primary interest held by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) on the tract

Fee Ownership

Properties where TNC currently holds fee-title or exclusive rights and control over real estate. Fee Ownership can include TNC Nature Preserves, managed areas, and properties that are held for future transfer.

Conservation Easement

Properties on which TNC holds a conservation easement, which is a legally binding agreement restricting the use of real property for conservation purposes (e.g., no development). The easement may additionally provide the holder (TNC) with affirmative rights, such as the rights to monitor species or to manage the land. It may run forever or for an expressed term of years.

Deed Restriction

Properties where TNC holds a deed restriction, which is a provision placed in a deed restricting or limiting the use of the property in some manner (e.g., if a property goes up for sale, TNC gets the first option).

Transfer

Properties where TNC historically had a legal interest (fee or easement), then subsequently transferred the interest to a conservation partner.

Assist

Properties where TNC assisted another agency/entity in protecting.

Management Lease or Agreement

An agreement between two parties whereby one party allows the other to use their property for a certain period of time in exchange for a periodic fee.

Grazing Lease or Permit

A grazing lease or permit held by The Nature Conservancy.

Right of Way

An access easement or agreement held by The Nature Conservancy.

Other

Another real estate interest or legal agreement held by The Nature Conservancy

Preserve Name

The name of The Nature Conservancy (TNC) preserve that the tract is a part of, this may be the same name as the as the "Public Name" for the tract.

Preserve Name if applicable

n/a

Public Access

The level of public access allowed on the tract.

Open Access

Access is encouraged on the tract, trails are maintained, signage is abundant, and parking is available. The tract may include regular hours of availability.

Open with Limited Access

There are no special requirements for public access to the tract, the tract may include regular hours of availability with limited amenities.

Restricted Access

The tract requires a special permit from the owner for access, a registration permit on public land, or has highly variable times or conditions to use.

Closed Access

No public access is allowed on the tract.

Unknown

Access information for the tract is not currently available.

Gap Category

The Gap Analysis Project (GAP) code for the tract. Gap Analysis is the science of determining how well we are protecting common plants and animals. Developing the data and tools to support that science is the mission of the Gap Analysis Project (GAP) at the US Geological Survey. See their website for more information, linked in the field name.

1 - Permanent Protection for Biodiversity

Permanent Protection for Biodiversity

2 - Permanent Protection to Maintain a Primarily Natural State

Permanent Protection to Maintain a Primarily Natural State

3 - Permanently Secured for Multiple Uses and in natural cover

Permanently Secured for Multiple Uses and in natural cover

39 - Permanently Secured and in agriculture or maintained grass cover

Permanently Secured and in agriculture or maintained grass cover

4 - Unsecured (temporary easements lands and/or municipal lands that are already developed (schools, golf course, soccer fields, ball fields)

Unsecured (temporary easements lands and/or municipal lands that are already developed (schools, golf course, soccer fields, ball fields)

9 - Unknown

Unknown

GIS Acres

The planar area of the tract polygon in acres, calculated by the TNC Lands geographic information system (GIS).

Total geodesic area of polygon in acres

Projection: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere

Original Protection Date

The original protection date for the tract, from the Land Resource Management (LRM) system record.

Original protection date

n/a

State

The state within the United States of America or the Canadian province where the tract is located.

Chosen from a list of state names.

n/a

Country

The name of the country where the tract is located.

Chosen from a list of countries

n/a

BioMap is the result of an ongoing collaboration between MassWildlife and the Massachusetts Chapter of The Nature Conservancy (TNC). Since its inception in 2001, this comprehensive tool has become a trusted source of information to guide conservation that is used by a wide spectrum of conservation practitioners. Today’s BioMap builds on previous iterations with the continuing goal of protecting the diversity of species and natural ecosystems within the Commonwealth. BioMap is an important tool to guide strategic protection and stewardship of lands and waters that are most important for conserving biological diversity in Massachusetts.More details...Feature service also available.

The Southeast Alaska GIS Library is a cooperative project sponsored by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, the Geographic Information Network of Alaska, The Nature Conservancy of Alaska, the National Marine Fisheries Service of NOAA, the US Forest Service, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the University of Alaska Southeast. The project operates under the terms of a Memorandum of Understanding. Our goal is to promote the use of regional geospatial data and applications to further research and improve management of public resources in Southeast Alaska. In addition, the GIS Library provides a framework for coordinating the acquisition and sharing of spatial data between the public, researchers, educators, and managers. It also provides a forum for discussing regional data standards, future data needs, and opportunities for collaboration.

This dataset is a non-spatial table that identifies the Invasive Species of NWSS.The aim of the Native Woodland Survey of Scotland (NWSS) was to undertake a baseline survey of all native woodlands, nearly native woodlands and PAWS sites in Scotland in order to create a woodland map linked to a dataset showing type, extent and condition of those woods. The objectives were to:Identify the location, type, extent and condition of all native and nearly native woodlands and Plantations on Ancient Woodland Sites (PAWS - as identified from the Ancient Woodland Inventory) in Scotland.Produce a baseline survey map of all native woodland, nearly native woodland and PAWS in Scotland.Collect baseline information to enable future monitoring of the extent and condition of the total Scottish native woodland resource.Provide information to support policy development and the delivery of social, environmental and development forestry.The following NWSS datasets are available from Scottish Forestry.Native Woodland Survey of Scotland (base map and polygon level attributes)NWSS Canopy StructureNWSS Habitat ComponentsNWSS Herbivore ImpactNWSS InvasivesNWSS Other TraitsNWSS Species StructuresThe following describes the layers available from Scottish Forestry and also gives an indication of the nature of the spatial data and the related component non-spatial data. (N.B. Every table contains a SCPTDATA_I field. This is a unique field which is used to link all other component tables). If you wish to carry out complex analysis, particularly involving elements of the components tables, e.g. species selection, you should do so using GIS software.NWSS Map:This is a straightforward view of the data which describes the type of NWSS polygon based on the following categories:Native woodland: >50% native species in the canopyNearly-native woodland: >=40% and <=50% native species in the canopyOpen land habitat: <20% canopy cover, usually 100% surrounded by woodland and adjoining a native woodlandPAWS: A woodland area wholly or partially identified in the Ancient Semi-natural Woodland Inventory as ancient semi-natural but currently not semi-natural.NWSS Nativeness:Displays the percentage share of native species in the total canopy. This ranges from 0% to 100% in 5% classes.NWSS Habitat:This view of the data shows the priority woodland type and National Vegetation Classification (NVC) woodland community. Open land habitat is defined by UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) type.A dominant habitat is recorded for each polygon, however some polygons have habitats of equal dominance. In this case only one of the habitats is recorded in the top level spatial data. To identify all of the habitats in a particular polygon please refer to the NWSS Habitat Components table.Plantations on Ancient Woodland Sites (PAWS) may not display in the Habitat layer if a surveyor has not recorded a native priority habitat type for the site. This will happen when a site is non-native.NWSS Canopy Cover:Displays as a percentage, an assessment of the area covered by trees/shrubs. Values range from 0% to 100% in 10% classes. A minimum of 20% canopy cover is required to define woodland, so the 10% and 20% bands are skewed to allow for this.NWSS Canopy Structures:This displays the number of different structures recorded in a polygon (ranging from 0 to 6). The types of recorded structures are veteran, mature, pole immature, shrub, established regeneration or visible regeneration.A dominant structure is recorded for each polygon, however some polygons have structures of equal dominance. In this case only one of the structures is recorded in the top level spatial data. To identify all of the structures in a particular polygon please refer to the NWSS Canopy Structures.Information on the species identified in each polygon is also in the NWSS Canopy Structures layer and table.* indicates a species which is classed as native for the purpose of the survey.+ indicates a species is a shrub not a tree.NWSS Semi-naturalness:This view of the data shows the percentage of the polygon that is semi-natural. Values range from 0% to 100% in 10% bands.NWSS Maturity:This indicates the approximate stage of woodland development as either: mature, young, regenerating, mixed or shrub. The value is based on the dominance of the structures recorded; a mixed maturity means that none of the others values are dominant.NWSS Other Traits:This layer records whether or not there are any other attributes which have been recorded in the polygon. The details of any other traits that have been found can be accessed by viewing the related information attached to a polygon.NWSS Herbivore Impact:This view of the data shows the overall impact that herbivores have had on a polygon.Summary of AttributesSCPTDATA_I Polygon ID (Unique identifier)PAWS_SURVY Surveyed as PAWSTYPE TypeCANOPY_PCT Canopy cover percentageNATIVE_PCT Native species percentageDOM_HABITA Dominant habitat typeDOM_HB_PCT Dominant habitat type percentageSEMINT_PCT Semi-natural percentageSTRUCT_NUM Number of structuresMATURITY MaturityDOM_STRUCT Dominant structureHERBIVORE Herbivore impactER_NAT_PCT Percentage of establish regeneration of native speciesINVASV_PCT Invasive species percentageINVASV_NUM Number of invasive speciesOTHR_TRAIT Other traits recordedHECTARES Area in hectaresFor more detailed information please see the metadata record on Scotland"s SpatialData.gov.scot Metadata Portal

This dataset defines the nature trails found at Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS). The trails data shows locations of the different Konza maintained walking trails including leg distances and loop names. These data are available as zipped (.zip) shapefiles (.shp).

The Unpublished Digital Geologic-GIS Map of the French Gulch 15' Quadrangle, California is composed of GIS data layers and GIS tables in a 10.1 file geodatabase (freg_geology.gdb), a 10.1 ArcMap (.mxd) map document (freg_geology.mxd), individual 10.1 layer (.lyr) files for each GIS data layer, an ancillary map information document (whis_geology.pdf) which contains source map unit descriptions, as well as other source map text, figures and tables, metadata in FGDC text (.txt) and FAQ (.pdf) formats, and a GIS readme file (whis_geology_gis_readme.pdf). Please read the whis_geology_gis_readme.pdf for information pertaining to the proper extraction of the file geodatabase and other map files. To request GIS data in ESRI 10.1 shapefile format contact Stephanie O'Meara (stephanie.omeara@colostate.edu; see contact information below). The data is also available as a 2.2 KMZ/KML file for use in Google Earth, however, this format version of the map is limited in data layers presented and in access to GRI ancillary table information. Google Earth software is available for free at: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html. Users are encouraged to only use the Google Earth data for basic visualization, and to use the GIS data for any type of data analysis or investigation. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Division funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: U.S. Geological Survey. Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation section(s) of this metadata record (freg_geology_metadata.txt or freg_geology_metadata_faq.pdf). Users of this data are cautioned about the locational accuracy of features within this dataset. Based on the source map scale of 1:62,500 and United States National Map Accuracy Standards features are within (horizontally) 31.8 meters or 104.2 feet of their actual location as presented by this dataset. Users of this data should thus not assume the location of features is exactly where they are portrayed in Google Earth, ArcGIS or other software used to display this dataset. All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.3. (available at: http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/inventory/geology/GeologyGISDataModel.cfm). The GIS data projection is NAD83, UTM Zone 10N, however, for the KML/KMZ format the data is projected upon export to WGS84 Geographic, the native coordinate system used by Google Earth. The data is within the area of interest of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area.

The Unpublished Digital Geologic-GIS Map of Theodore Roosevelt National Park and Vicinity, North Dakota is composed of GIS data layers and GIS tables in a 10.1 file geodatabase (thro_geology.gdb), a 10.1 ArcMap (.mxd) map document (thro_geology.mxd), individual 10.1 layer (.lyr) files for each GIS data layer, an ancillary map information document (thro_geology.pdf) which contains source map unit descriptions, as well as other source map text, figures and tables, metadata in FGDC text (.txt) and FAQ (.pdf) formats, and a GIS readme file (thro_geology_gis_readme.pdf). Please read the thro_geology_gis_readme.pdf for information pertaining to the proper extraction of the file geodatabase and other map files. To request GIS data in ESRI 10.1 shapefile format contact Stephanie O'Meara (stephanie.omeara@colostate.edu; see contact information below). The data is also available as a 2.2 KMZ/KML file for use in Google Earth, however, this format version of the map is limited in data layers presented and in access to GRI ancillary table information. Google Earth software is available for free at: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html. Users are encouraged to only use the Google Earth data for basic visualization, and to use the GIS data for any type of data analysis or investigation. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Division funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). Source geologic maps and data used to complete this GRI digital dataset were provided by the following: North Dakota Geological Survey. Detailed information concerning the sources used and their contribution the GRI product are listed in the Source Citation section(s) of this metadata record (thro_geology_metadata.txt or thro_geology_metadata_faq.pdf). Users of this data are cautioned about the locational accuracy of features within this dataset. Based on the source map scale of 1:24,000 and United States National Map Accuracy Standards features are within (horizontally) 12.2 meters or 40 feet of their actual _location as presented by this dataset. Users of this data should thus not assume the _location of features is exactly where they are portrayed in Google Earth, ArcGIS or other software used to display this dataset. All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GRI Geology-GIS Geodatabase Data Model v. 2.3. (available at: http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/inventory/geology/GeologyGISDataModel.cfm). The GIS data projection is NAD83, UTM Zone 13N, however, for the KML/KMZ format the data is projected upon export to WGS84 Geographic, the native coordinate system used by Google Earth. The data is within the area of interest of Theodore Roosevelt National Park.

Geospatial Data Management Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global geospatial data management market size stood at USD 103.7 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust momentum driven by rapid digital transformation across industries. The market is forecasted to reach USD 271.5 billion by 2033, expanding at a remarkable CAGR of 11.2% during the 2025–2033 period. This growth is primarily fueled by the increasing adoption of location-based services, proliferation of IoT devices, and the rising need for advanced spatial analytics to support critical decision-making across sectors such as urban planning, disaster management, and transportation.

One of the primary growth factors for the geospatial data management market is the escalating reliance on spatial data analytics to drive operational efficiency and innovation. Organizations are increasingly leveraging geospatial technologies to enhance asset management, optimize logistics, and improve disaster response strategies. The integration of geospatial data with artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms has further amplified the value proposition, enabling predictive analytics and real-time insights. This trend is particularly evident in sectors like transportation, where route optimization and traffic management are critical, and in utilities, where asset monitoring and infrastructure planning rely heavily on accurate geospatial information.

Moreover, the rapid expansion of smart city initiatives worldwide has significantly contributed to the demand for advanced geospatial data management solutions. Governments and municipal authorities are deploying sophisticated GIS platforms to manage urban growth, streamline resource allocation, and improve public services. The convergence of geospatial data with IoT sensors and cloud computing has enabled real-time monitoring of urban environments, facilitating data-driven policy making and efficient emergency response. As cities continue to grow and urbanize, the need for scalable and interoperable geospatial management tools is expected to intensify, driving further investment and innovation in this market.

Another significant driver is the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters, which has underscored the importance of robust geospatial data management for disaster preparedness and response. Advanced geospatial analytics enable authorities to model risk scenarios, map vulnerable regions, and coordinate relief efforts more effectively. The agriculture sector is also witnessing a surge in geospatial adoption, with precision farming and crop monitoring applications helping to maximize yields and minimize resource usage. As climate change continues to pose unprecedented challenges, the ability to harness and manage spatial data will be critical for resilience and sustainability across multiple industries.

Regionally, North America currently dominates the geospatial data management market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. The presence of leading technology providers, strong government support for spatial data infrastructure, and high adoption rates of advanced analytics have collectively contributed to this leadership. However, Asia Pacific is expected to register the fastest CAGR through 2033, propelled by rapid urbanization, expanding smart city projects, and growing investments in geospatial technologies across emerging economies such as China and India. Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing increased adoption, albeit at varying paces, reflecting the global nature of the market’s expansion.

Component Analysis

The geospatial data management market by component is segmented into software, hardware, and services, each playing a distinct and vital role in the ecosystem. The software segment encompasses Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing software, spatial data analytics platforms, and mapping tools. This segment is witnessing rapid innovation with the introduction of cloud-native GIS platforms, open-source spatial analytics, and AI-driven mapping solutions. The demand for user-friendly, scalable, and interoperable software is surging as organizations seek to derive actionable insights from large volumes of geospatial data. Vendors are increasingly focusing on enhancing data visualization, integration capabilities, and real-time analytics to cater to diverse industry requirements.

This TNC Lands spatial dataset represents the lands and waters in which The Nature Conservancy (TNC) currently has, or historically had, an interest, legal or otherwise in New Mexico. The system of record for TNC Lands is the Legal Records Management (LRM) system, which is TNC’s database for all TNC land transactions.TNC properties should not be considered open to the public unless specifically designated as being so. TNC may change the access status at any time at its sole discretion. It's recommended to visit preserve-specific websites or contact the organization operating the preserve before any planned visit for the latest conditions, notices, and closures. TNC prohibits redistribution or display of the data in maps or online in any way that misleadingly implies such lands are universally open to the public.The types of current land interests represented in the TNC Lands data include: Fields and Attributes included in the public dataset:Field NameField DefinitionAttributesAttribute Definitions Public NameThe name of the tract that The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Business Unit (BU) uses for public audiences.Public name of tract if applicableN/A TNC Primary InterestThe primary interest held by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) on the tractFee OwnershipProperties where TNC currently holds fee-title or exclusive rights and control over real estate. Fee Ownership can include TNC Nature Preserves, managed areas, and properties that are held for future transfer. Conservation EasementProperties on which TNC holds a conservation easement, which is a legally binding agreement restricting the use of real property for conservation purposes (e.g., no development). The easement may additionally provide the holder (TNC) with affirmative rights, such as the rights to monitor species or to manage the land. It may run forever or for an expressed term of years. Deed RestrictionProperties where TNC holds a deed restriction, which is a provision placed in a deed restricting or limiting the use of the property in some manner (e.g., if a property goes up for sale, TNC gets the first option). TransferProperties where TNC historically had a legal interest (fee or easement), then subsequently transferred the interest to a conservation partner. AssistProperties where TNC assisted another agency/entity in protecting. Management Lease or AgreementAn agreement between two parties whereby one party allows the other to use their property for a certain period of time in exchange for a periodic fee. Grazing Lease or PermitA grazing lease or permit held by The Nature Conservancy Right of WayAn access easement or agreement held by The Nature Conservancy. OtherAnother real estate interest or legal agreement held by The Nature Conservancy Fee OwnerThe name of the organization serving as fee owner of the tract, or "Private Land Owner" if the owner is a private party. If The Nature Conservancy (TNC) primary interest is a "Transfer" or "Assist", then this is the fee owner at the time of the transaction.Fee Owner NameN/A Fee Org TypeThe type of organization(s) that hold(s) fee ownership. Chosen from a list of accepted values.Organization Types for Fee OwnershipFED:Federal, TRIB:American Indian Lands, STAT:State,DIST:Regional Agency Special District, LOC:Local Government, NGO:Non-Governmental Organization, PVT:Private, JNT:Joint, UNK:Unknown, TERR:Territorial, DESG:Designation Other Interest HolderThe name of the organization(s) that hold(s) a different interest in the tract, besides fee ownership or TNC Primary Interest. This may include TNC if the Other Interest is held or co-held by TNC. Multiple interest holders should be separated by a semicolon (;).Other Interest Holder NameN/A Other Interest Org TypeThe type of organization(s) that hold(s) a different interest in the tract, besides fee ownership. This may include TNC if the Other Interest is held or co-held by TNC. Chosen from a list of accepted values.Organization Types for interest holders:FED:Federal, TRIB:American Indian Lands, STAT:State,DIST:Regional Agency Special District, LOC:Local Government, NGO:Non-Governmental Organization, PVT:Private, JNT:Joint, UNK:Unknown, TERR:Territorial, DESG:Designation Other Interest TypeThe other interest type held on the tract. Chosen from a list of accepted values.​Access Right of Way; Conservation Easement; Co-held Conservation Easement; Deed Restriction; Co-held Deed Restriction; Fee Ownership; Co-held Fee Ownership; Grazing Lease or Permit; Life Estate; Management Lease or Agreement; Timber Lease or Agreement; OtherN/A Preserve NameThe name of The Nature Conservancy (TNC) preserve that the tract is a part of, this may be the same name as the as the "Public Name" for the tract.Preserve Name if applicableN/APublic AccessThe level of public access allowed on the tract.Open AccessAccess is encouraged on the tract, trails are maintained, signage is abundant, and parking is available. The tract may include regular hours of availability.Open with Limited AccessThere are no special requirements for public access to the tract, the tract may include regular hours of availability with limited amenities.Restricted AccessThe tract requires a special permit from the owner for access, a registration permit on public land, or has highly variable times or conditions to use.Closed AccessNo public access is allowed on the tract.UnknownAccess information for the tract is not currently available.Gap CategoryThe Gap Analysis Project (GAP) code for the tract. Gap Analysis is the science of determining how well we are protecting common plants and animals. Developing the data and tools to support that science is the mission of the Gap Analysis Project (GAP) at the US Geological Survey. See their website for more information, linked in the field name.1 - Permanent Protection for BiodiversityPermanent Protection for Biodiversity2 - Permanent Protection to Maintain a Primarily Natural StatePermanent Protection to Maintain a Primarily Natural State3 - Permanently Secured for Multiple Uses and in natural coverPermanently Secured for Multiple Uses and in natural cover39 - Permanently Secured and in agriculture or maintained grass coverPermanently Secured and in agriculture or maintained grass cover4 - UnsecuredUnsecured (temporary easements lands and/or municipal lands that are already developed (schools, golf course, soccer fields, ball fields)9 - UnknownUnknownProtected AcresThe planar area of the tract polygon in acres, calculated by the TNC Lands geographic information system (GIS).Total geodesic area of polygon in acresProjection: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereOriginal Protection DateThe original protection date for the tract, from the Land Resource Management (LRM) system record.Original protection dateN/AStateThe state within the United States of America or the Canadian province where the tract is located.Chosen from a list of state names.N/ACountryThe name of the country where the tract is located.Chosen from a list of countries.N/ADivisionThe name of the TNC North America Region Division where the tract is located. Chosen from a list of TNC North America DivisionsN/A

The SCAR Spatial Data Model has been developed for Geoscience Standing Scientific Group (GSSG). It was presented to XXVII SCAR, 15-26 July 2002, in Shanghai, China.

The Spatial Data Model is one of nine projects of the Geographic Information Program 2000-2002. The goal of this project is 'To provide a SCAR standard spatial data model for use in SCAR and national GIS databases.'

Activities within this project include:

1. Continue developing the SCAR Feature Catalogue and the SCAR Spatial Data Model
2. Provide SCAR Feature Catalogue online
3. Creation and incorporation of symbology
4. Investigate metadata / data quality requirements
5. Ensure compliance to ISO TC211 and OGC standards

Source: http://www.geoscience.scar.org/geog/geog.htm#stds

Spatial data are increasingly being available in digital form, managed in a GIS and distributed on the web. More data are being exchanged between nations/institutions and used by a variety of disciplines. Exchange of data and its multiple use makes it necessary to provide a standard framework. The Feature Catalogue is one component of the Spatial Data Model, that will provide the platform for creating understandable and accessible data to users. Care has been taken to monitor the utility of relevant emerging ISO TC211 standards.

The Feature Catalogue provides a detailed description of the nature and the structure of GIS and map information. It follows ISO/DIS 19110, Geographic Information - Methodology for feature cataloguing. The Feature Catalogue can be used in its entirety, or in part. The Feature Catalogue is a dynamic document, that will evolve with use over time. Considerable effort has gone into ensuring that the Feature Catalogue is a unified and efficient tool that can be used with any GIS software and at any scale of geographic information.

The structure includes data quality information, terminology, database types and attribute options that will apply to any GIS. The Feature Catalogue is stored in a database to enable any component of the information to be easily viewed, printed, downloaded and updated via the Web.

This TNC Lands spatial dataset represents the lands and waters in which The Nature Conservancy (TNC) currently has, or historically had, an interest, legal or otherwise in Oregon. The system of record for TNC Lands is the Legal Records Management (LRM) system, which is TNC’s database for all TNC land transactions.TNC properties should not be considered open to the public unless specifically designated as being so. TNC may change the access status at any time at its sole discretion. It's recommended to visit preserve-specific websites or contact the organization operating the preserve before any planned visit for the latest conditions, notices, and closures. TNC prohibits redistribution or display of the data in maps or online in any way that misleadingly implies such lands are universally open to the public.The types of current land interests represented in the TNC Lands data include: Fields and Attributes included in the public dataset:Field NameField DefinitionAttributesAttribute Definitions Public NameThe name of the tract that The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Business Unit (BU) uses for public audiences.Public name of tract if applicableN/A TNC Primary InterestThe primary interest held by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) on the tractFee OwnershipProperties where TNC currently holds fee-title or exclusive rights and control over real estate. Fee Ownership can include TNC Nature Preserves, managed areas, and properties that are held for future transfer. Conservation EasementProperties on which TNC holds a conservation easement, which is a legally binding agreement restricting the use of real property for conservation purposes (e.g., no development). The easement may additionally provide the holder (TNC) with affirmative rights, such as the rights to monitor species or to manage the land. It may run forever or for an expressed term of years. Deed RestrictionProperties where TNC holds a deed restriction, which is a provision placed in a deed restricting or limiting the use of the property in some manner (e.g., if a property goes up for sale, TNC gets the first option). TransferProperties where TNC historically had a legal interest (fee or easement), then subsequently transferred the interest to a conservation partner. AssistProperties where TNC assisted another agency/entity in protecting. Management Lease or AgreementAn agreement between two parties whereby one party allows the other to use their property for a certain period of time in exchange for a periodic fee. Grazing Lease or PermitA grazing lease or permit held by The Nature Conservancy Right of WayAn access easement or agreement held by The Nature Conservancy. OtherAnother real estate interest or legal agreement held by The Nature Conservancy Fee OwnerThe name of the organization serving as fee owner of the tract, or "Private Land Owner" if the owner is a private party. If The Nature Conservancy (TNC) primary interest is a "Transfer" or "Assist", then this is the fee owner at the time of the transaction.Fee Owner NameN/A Fee Org TypeThe type of organization(s) that hold(s) fee ownership. Chosen from a list of accepted values.Organization Types for Fee OwnershipFED:Federal, TRIB:American Indian Lands, STAT:State,DIST:Regional Agency Special District, LOC:Local Government, NGO:Non-Governmental Organization, PVT:Private, JNT:Joint, UNK:Unknown, TERR:Territorial, DESG:Designation Other Interest HolderThe name of the organization(s) that hold(s) a different interest in the tract, besides fee ownership or TNC Primary Interest. This may include TNC if the Other Interest is held or co-held by TNC. Multiple interest holders should be separated by a semicolon (;).Other Interest Holder NameN/A Other Interest Org TypeThe type of organization(s) that hold(s) a different interest in the tract, besides fee ownership. This may include TNC if the Other Interest is held or co-held by TNC. Chosen from a list of accepted values.Organization Types for interest holders:FED:Federal, TRIB:American Indian Lands, STAT:State,DIST:Regional Agency Special District, LOC:Local Government, NGO:Non-Governmental Organization, PVT:Private, JNT:Joint, UNK:Unknown, TERR:Territorial, DESG:Designation Other Interest TypeThe other interest type held on the tract. Chosen from a list of accepted values.​Access Right of Way; Conservation Easement; Co-held Conservation Easement; Deed Restriction; Co-held Deed Restriction; Fee Ownership; Co-held Fee Ownership; Grazing Lease or Permit; Life Estate; Management Lease or Agreement; Timber Lease or Agreement; OtherN/A Preserve NameThe name of The Nature Conservancy (TNC) preserve that the tract is a part of, this may be the same name as the as the "Public Name" for the tract.Preserve Name if applicableN/APublic AccessThe level of public access allowed on the tract.Open AccessAccess is encouraged on the tract, trails are maintained, signage is abundant, and parking is available. The tract may include regular hours of availability.Open with Limited AccessThere are no special requirements for public access to the tract, the tract may include regular hours of availability with limited amenities.Restricted AccessThe tract requires a special permit from the owner for access, a registration permit on public land, or has highly variable times or conditions to use.Closed AccessNo public access is allowed on the tract.UnknownAccess information for the tract is not currently available.Gap CategoryThe Gap Analysis Project (GAP) code for the tract. Gap Analysis is the science of determining how well we are protecting common plants and animals. Developing the data and tools to support that science is the mission of the Gap Analysis Project (GAP) at the US Geological Survey. See their website for more information, linked in the field name.1 - Permanent Protection for BiodiversityPermanent Protection for Biodiversity2 - Permanent Protection to Maintain a Primarily Natural StatePermanent Protection to Maintain a Primarily Natural State3 - Permanently Secured for Multiple Uses and in natural coverPermanently Secured for Multiple Uses and in natural cover39 - Permanently Secured and in agriculture or maintained grass coverPermanently Secured and in agriculture or maintained grass cover4 - UnsecuredUnsecured (temporary easements lands and/or municipal lands that are already developed (schools, golf course, soccer fields, ball fields)9 - UnknownUnknownProtected AcresThe planar area of the tract polygon in acres, calculated by the TNC Lands geographic information system (GIS).Total geodesic area of polygon in acresProjection: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereOriginal Protection DateThe original protection date for the tract, from the Land Resource Management (LRM) system record.Original protection dateN/AStateThe state within the United States of America or the Canadian province where the tract is located.Chosen from a list of state names.N/ACountryThe name of the country where the tract is located.Chosen from a list of countries.N/ADivisionThe name of the TNC North America Region Division where the tract is located. Chosen from a list of TNC North America DivisionsN/A