Global Surface Summary of the Day is derived from The Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH) dataset. The ISH dataset includes global data obtained from the USAF Climatology Center, located in the Federal Climate Complex with NCDC. The latest daily summary data are normally available 1-2 days after the date-time of the observations used in the daily summaries. The online data files begin with 1929 and are at the time of this writing at the Version 8 software level. Over 9000 stations' data are typically available. The daily elements included in the dataset (as available from each station) are: Mean temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Mean dew point (.1 Fahrenheit) Mean sea level pressure (.1 mb) Mean station pressure (.1 mb) Mean visibility (.1 miles) Mean wind speed (.1 knots) Maximum sustained wind speed (.1 knots) Maximum wind gust (.1 knots) Maximum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Minimum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) Precipitation amount (.01 inches) Snow depth (.1 inches) Indicator for occurrence of: Fog, Rain or Drizzle, Snow or Ice Pellets, Hail, Thunder, Tornado/Funnel Cloud Global summary of day data for 18 surface meteorological elements are derived from the synoptic/hourly observations contained in USAF DATSAV3 Surface data and Federal Climate Complex Integrated Surface Hourly (ISH). Historical data are generally available for 1929 to the present, with data from 1973 to the present being the most complete. For some periods, one or more countries' data may not be available due to data restrictions or communications problems. In deriving the summary of day data, a minimum of 4 observations for the day must be present (allows for stations which report 4 synoptic observations/day). Since the data are converted to constant units (e.g, knots), slight rounding error from the originally reported values may occur (e.g, 9.9 instead of 10.0). The mean daily values described below are based on the hours of operation for the station. For some stations/countries, the visibility will sometimes 'cluster' around a value (such as 10 miles) due to the practice of not reporting visibilities greater than certain distances. The daily extremes and totals--maximum wind gust, precipitation amount, and snow depth--will only appear if the station reports the data sufficiently to provide a valid value. Therefore, these three elements will appear less frequently than other values. Also, these elements are derived from the stations' reports during the day, and may comprise a 24-hour period which includes a portion of the previous day. The data are reported and summarized based on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT, 0000Z - 2359Z) since the original synoptic/hourly data are reported and based on GMT.

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Other Collections. The data include parameters of database with a geographic location of . The time period coverage is from Unavailable begin date to Unavailable end date in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

Hourly Precipitation Data (HPD) is digital data set DSI-3240, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The primary source of data for this file is approximately 5,500 US National Weather Service (NWS), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and cooperative observer stations in the United States of America, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and various Pacific Islands. The earliest data dates vary considerably by state and region: Maine, Pennsylvania, and Texas have data since 1900. The western Pacific region that includes Guam, American Samoa, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau have data since 1978. Other states and regions have earliest dates between those extremes. The latest data in all states and regions is from the present day. The major parameter in DSI-3240 is precipitation amounts, which are measurements of hourly or daily precipitation accumulation. Accumulation was for longer periods of time if for any reason the rain gauge was out of service or no observer was present. DSI 3240_01 contains data grouped by state; DSI 3240_02 contains data grouped by year.

NOAA's Climate Data Records (CDRs) are robust, sustainable, and scientifically sound climate records that provide trustworthy information on how, where, and to what extent the land, oceans, atmosphere and ice sheets are changing. These datasets are thoroughly vetted time series measurements with the longevity, consistency, and continuity to assess and measure climate variability and change. NOAA CDRs are vetted using standards established by the National Research Council (NRC).

Climate Data Records are created by merging data from surface, atmosphere, and space-based systems across decades. NOAA’s Climate Data Records provides authoritative and traceable long-term climate records. NOAA developed CDRs by applying modern data analysis methods to historical global satellite data. This process can clarify the underlying climate trends within the data and allows researchers and other users to identify economic and scientific value in these records. NCEI maintains and extends CDRs by applying the same methods to present-day and future satellite measurements.

Terrestrial CDRs are composed of sensor data that have been improved and quality controlled over time, together with ancillary calibration data.

The NOAA Weather and Climate Toolkit is an application that provides simple visualization and data export of weather and climatological data archived at NCDC. The Toolkit also provides access to weather and climate web services provided from NCDC and other organizations. The Viewer provides tools for displaying custom data overlay, Web Map Services (WMS), animations and basic filters. The export of images and movies is provided in multiple formats. The Data Exporter allows for data export in both vector point/line/polygon and raster grid formats. Current data types supported include: CF-compliant Fridded NetCDF; Generic CF-compliant Irregularly-Spaced/Curvilinear Gridded NetCDF/HDF; GRIB1, GRIB2, GINI, GEMPAK, HDF(CF-compliant) and more gridded formats; GPES Satellite AREA Files; NEXRAD Radar Data(Level-II and Level-III); U.S. Drought Monitor Service from the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC); OPeNDAP support for Gridded Datasets

The U.S. Climate Normals are a large suite of data products that provide information about typical climate conditions for thousands of locations across the United States. Normals act both as a ruler to compare today’s weather and tomorrow’s forecast, and as a predictor of conditions in the near future. The official normals are calculated for a uniform 30 year period, and consist of annual/seasonal, monthly, daily, and hourly averages and statistics of temperature, precipitation, and other climatological variables from almost 15,000 U.S. weather stations.

NCEI generates the official U.S. normals every 10 years in keeping with the needs of our user community and the requirements of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and National Weather Service (NWS). The 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals are the latest in a series of decadal normals first produced in the 1950s. These data allow travelers to pack the right clothes, farmers to plant the best crop varieties, and utilities to plan for seasonal energy usage. Many other important economic decisions that are made beyond the predictive range of standard weather forecasts are either based on or influenced by climate normals.

If you're looking for weather datasets, there are several reputable sources where you can access comprehensive weather data for various applications, including research, machine learning, and more. Here are some popular options:

1. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI):

   • The NCEI, part of NOAA, offers a wide range of climate and weather data. You can find historical weather data, global climate data, and more.
   • NCEI Weather Data

2. OpenWeatherMap:

   • Provides current weather data, forecasts, and historical data. They offer free and paid plans depending on the level of access and detail needed.
   • OpenWeatherMap API

3. Weather Underground:

   • Offers a rich set of weather data including current conditions, forecasts, and historical weather data.
   • Weather Underground API

4. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF):

   • ECMWF provides datasets including ERA-Interim, ERA5, and seasonal forecasts. They focus on global weather and climate data.
   • ECMWF Data

5. The Weather Company (IBM):

   • Offers a range of weather data services, including historical weather data, forecasts, and more through their APIs.
   • The Weather Company API

6. NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS):

   • Provides access to a vast array of global climate data, satellite imagery, and other environmental data.
   • NASA EOSDIS

7. Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD):

   • A dataset that includes daily weather summaries from global stations, available through the National Centers for Environmental Information.
   • GSOD Data

8. Climate Data Online (CDO):

   • Another resource from NOAA, offering access to a variety of climate data, including daily and monthly summaries, storm data, and more.
   • NOAA CDO

9. Meteostat:

   • Provides free access to historical weather and climate data, focusing on quality-controlled and easy-to-use datasets.
   • Meteostat

This Global Summaries dataset, known as GSOY for Yearly, contains a yearly resolution of meteorological elements from 1763 to present with updates applied weekly. The major parameters are: – average annual temperature, average annual minimum and maximum temperatures; total annual precipitation and snowfall; departure from normal of the mean temperature and total precipitation; heating and cooling degree days; number of days that temperatures and precipitation are above or below certain thresholds; extreme annual minimum and maximum temperatures; number of days with fog; and number of days with thunderstorms. The primary input data source is the Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily (GHCN-Daily) dataset. The Global Summaries datasets also include a monthly resolution of meteorological elements in the GSOM (for Monthly) dataset. See associated resources for more information. These datasets are not to be confused with "GHCN-Monthly", "Annual Summaries" or "NCDC Summary of the Month". There are unique elements that are produced globally within the GSOM and GSOY data files. There are also bias corrected temperature data in GHCN-Monthly, which are not available in GSOM and GSOY. The GSOM and GSOY datasets replace the legacy U.S. COOP Summaries (DSI-3220), and have been expanded to include non-U.S. (global) stations. U.S. COOP Summaries (DSI-3220) only includes National Weather Service (NWS) COOP Published, or "Published in CD", sites.

This dataset contains Raleigh Durham International Airport weather data pulled from the NOAA web service described at Climate Data Online: Web Services Documentation. We have pulled this data and converted it to commonly used units. This dataset is an archive - it is not being updated.

Link to all products and services:
https://mrcc.purdue.edu/

National Centers of Environmental Information (NCEI) and the Illinois State Water Survey in Champaign, Illinois. Our center is a partner in a national climate service program that includes NCEI, five other Regional Climate Centers, and State Climate Offices. NCEI is part of the Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

The MRCC serves the nine-state Midwest region (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin). Our services and research help to better explain climate and its impacts on the Midwest, provide practical solutions to specific climate problems, and allow us to develop climate information for the Midwest on climate-sensitive issues such as agriculture, climate change, energy, the environment, human health, risk management, transportation, and water resources.

• Online Data: The MRCC Application Tools Environment (cli-MATE) provides access to real-time and historical climate data as found and archived at NCEI. These data, combined with research models of important physical processes, enables the MRCC to produce a suite of products that allows users to monitor the climate on a near real-time basis.

Among the types of information available on cli-MATE are:

Near real-time data for many active reporting sites User-defined (both time period and climate elements) maps of climate data Tables of current and historical climate data by Climate summaries for individual stations

Weekly crop yield risk assessments for corn and soybeans Daily soil moisture estimates Drought indices

• Climate Data Services

Daily climate data [digital] for several thousand stations across the United States. Parameters reported include: high, low, and mean temperatures; precipitation; snowfall; snow depth and degree days. Limited data is available on pan evaporation, and soil temperatures. Many of these stations go back to 1948, although some stations go back to the turn of the century.

Surface hourly observations [digital] for over 100 sites in the eastern half of the U.S. Parameters reported include: air temperature, dewpoint, wet-bulb, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction.

Hourly precipitation [digital] for select Midwestern sites.

Storm Data for flood, hail, high wind, tornado, blizzard and any other strange or unusual weather reports.

Historical Climate Division (digital)data back to 1895 for temperature, precipitation, degree days and Palmer drought indices on a monthly basis.

Solar radiation [digital] data for select sites are available on a daily, monthly or annual basis.

Potential evapotranspiration [digital] data for select sites are available on a daily, monthly or annual basis.

Modeled soil moisture [digital] data for Midwestern climate divisions back to 1949 on a weekly basis.

CD-ROM Products

[Text Extracted from the MRCC Home Page]

Timeseries data from 'Homer Airport (Historic)' (homer-airport-historic) _NCProperties=version=2,netcdf=4.6.2,hdf5=1.10.4 cdm_data_type=TimeSeries cdm_timeseries_variables=station,longitude,latitude contributor_email=feedback@axiomdatascience.com contributor_name=Axiom Data Science contributor_role=processor contributor_role_vocabulary=NERC contributor_url=https://www.axiomdatascience.com Conventions=IOOS-1.2, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 defaultDataQuery=lwe_precipitation_rate_cm_time_sum_over_pt1h,air_temperature_cm_time_maximum_over_pt24h,lwe_precipitation_rate_cm_time_sum_over_pt6h,wind_speed_of_gust,lwe_precipitation_rate_cm_time_sum_over_pt24h,visibility_in_air,wind_from_direction,air_temperature,z,wind_speed,time,surface_snow_thickness,air_temperature_cm_time_minimum_over_pt24h,air_pressure,dew_point_temperature&time>=max(time)-3days Easternmost_Easting=-151.4833 featureType=TimeSeries geospatial_lat_max=59.65 geospatial_lat_min=59.65 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-151.4833 geospatial_lon_min=-151.4833 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=0.0 geospatial_vertical_min=0.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=up geospatial_vertical_units=m history=Downloaded from NOAA NCEI Climate Data Online (CDO) at id=100665 infoUrl=https://sensors.ioos.us/#metadata/100665/station institution=NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) naming_authority=com.axiomdatascience Northernmost_Northing=59.65 platform=fixed platform_name=Homer Airport (Historic) platform_vocabulary=http://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform processing_level=Level 2 references=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GHCND/stations/GHCND:USW00025507/detail,, sourceUrl=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GHCND/stations/GHCND:USW00025507/detail Southernmost_Northing=59.65 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v72 time_coverage_end=2019-05-01T23:53:00Z time_coverage_start=1948-07-01T16:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-151.4833

The State of the Climate is a collection of periodic summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. The State of the Climate Monthly Overview-National Wildfires provides a summary of wildland fires in the U.S. and related weather and climate conditions. Statistical summaries such as the number of fires and acres burned are provided as are reports from the U.S. Drought Monitor and fire danger maps. Monthly reports for the summer "fire season" and annual summaries begin in July 2002. Depending on conditions, reporting was extended beyond the summer and fall seasons, and beginning in 2009 a summary was generated for each month. Following the July 2013 report, and until further notice, NCEI will no longer issue the Wildfire component of its Monthly Climate report. All previous Wildfire reports will be maintained online. Updated statistics will be updated on our Wildfire Societal Impacts webpage.

Context

The idea is to have a very simple time series dataset to be used for experiments with easy but effective visualizations on actual data. It is amazing how much a single graph can comunicate syntehetically a lot of information.

Content

The dataset was downloaded from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), the data is in the public domain and can be used freely. If interested in generating a similar dataset from another station you can start from the Search Tool select Daily Summaries, the time range of interest, search for Cities and in the Search Term put the city you're looking for. When selected you need to add to Cart like an order but there is no charge for ordering data from Climate Data Online as explained in their FAQs.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to National Centers for Environmental Information for collecting and making available for free meteorological data from many stations all over the world. In case using the same dataset or generating a new one from NCEI you need to cite the origin.

Inspiration

Mostly to see how many different effective visualizations can be generated from a very simple dataset.

The hourly precipitation observations contained in this set are taken by observers at principle (primary) stations, secondary stations, and cooperative observer stations operated by the National Weather Service (NWS) and the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA). The sites are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. While most stations begin observations in 1948, some have observations as far back as 1900. There are currently more than 2500 stations reporting. Periods of record vary widely among the stations. The RDA is no longer updating this dataset. For data beyond 2011, please see the NCEI web site [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov].

This data snippet contains climate data (average temperature in inches) from a station at Jinnah International Airport near Karachi, Pakistan. The data spans from 1942 to 2024.Data used in the ESIIL Data Short Course program climate coding challenge and published online on the ESIIL Environmental Data Science Learning Portal.Bibliography:Menne, M. J., Durre, I., Korzeniewski, B., McNeill, S., Thomas, K., Yin, X., Anthony, S., Ray, R., Vose, R. S., Gleason, B. E., & Houston, T. G. (2012). Global Historical Climatology Network—Daily (GHCN-Daily) (Version 3) [Dataset]. NOAA National Climatic Data Center. https://doi.org/10.7289/V5D21VHZMenne, M. J., Durre, I., Vose, R. S., Gleason, B. E., & Houston, T. G. (2012). An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily Database. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 29(7), 897–910. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00103.1

Surface Weather Observation 1001 Forms is a set of historical manuscript records for the period 1893-1948. The collection includes two very similar form types: Form 1001, in use by the US Weather Bureau, and Form 1, in use by the US Army and Navy. NCDC Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP) scanned the vast majority of these forms in order to fill in the observation gap prior to the time when commercial aviation began in the U.S. Many forms contiaining observations taken on foreign soil have not yet been scanned. Observations were recorded two to four times daily beginning as early as 1893 at city Weather Bureau Offices. During the 1930s many of these city stations gradually moved to airport locations.

Through 1936 observations were taken twice daily; then in 1937 the general practice was to record four observations per day. The data elements are as follows: station pressure, sea level pressure, dry and wet bulb temperature, dew point, maximum and minimum temperature, wind direction and speed, precipitation, cloud amount and type, ceiling, state of weather and visibility. It should be noted that not all elements are present for all stations in this dataset, and that ceiling and visibility observations did not begin at the city offices until the 1930's. Official surface weather observation standards can be found in the Circular N manuals. The vast majority of records are available online, but some records are still only available in the physical format only.

This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) data product files. The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version 2022 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements on ships, moorings, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2021. The main synthesis and gridded products contain 33.7 million fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. A further 6.4 million fCO2 sensor data with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are separately available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2022. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification and for evaluation of climate models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013. The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community are a Voluntary Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations. The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future) variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations imperative.

The U.S. Daily Climate Normals (DSI-9641D) are based on monthly maximum, minimum, and mean temperature and monthly total precipitation records for each year in the 30-year period 1971-2000, inclusive (as well as separately computed monthly degree day totals). The monthly values are available in data set DSI-9641C or publication online (Climatography of the United States, No. 81 Monthly Station Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree Days, 1971-2000). In order to be included in the normals, a station had to have at least 10 years of monthly temperature data or 10 years of monthly precipitation data for each month in the period 1971-2000. In addition, a station had to be active since January 1, 1999, or had to be included as a normals station in the 1961-1990 normals.

Cloud-free coverages (cf_cvg) tally the total number of observations that went into each 30 arc second grid cell. This image can be used to identify areas with low numbers of observations where the quality is reduced. In some years there are areas with zero cloud-free observations in certain locations.

This composite set is a component of the DMSP-OLS nighttime lights imagery for the years 1992-2013. The individual images are cloud-free composites made using all the available archived DMSP-OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program - Operational Linescan System) smooth resolution data for calendar years. In cases where two satellites were collecting data - two composites were produced. The products are 30 arc second grids, spanning -180 to 180 degrees longitude and -65 to 75 degrees latitude. Each composite set is named with the satellite and the year (F121995 is from DMSP satellite number F12 for the year 1995).

Data creation: 2016-01-01

Citation:

DMSP data collected by US Air Force Weather Agency. Image and data processing by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center.

Contact points:

Metadata Contact: National Geophysical Data Center

Resource Contact: NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center NOAA

Resource Contact: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

Data lineage:

The products are 30 arc second grids, spanning -180 to 180 degrees longitude and -65 to 75 degrees latitude. A number of constraints are used to select the highest quality data for entry into the composites: * Data are from the center half of the 3000 km wide OLS swaths. Lights in the center half have better geolocation, are smaller, and have more consistent radiometry. * Sunlit data are excluded based on the solar elevation angle. * Glare is excluded based on solar elevation angle. * Moonlit data are excluded based on a calculation of lunar illuminance. * Observations with clouds are excluded based on clouds identified with the OLS thermal band data and NCEP surface temperature grids. * Lighting features from the aurora have been excluded in the northern hemisphere on an orbit-by-orbit manner using visual inspection.

More information on the attached file (gcv4_readme.txt) in the Distribution info section of this metadata.

Resource constraints:

Terms of Use: Whenever using or distributing DMSP data or derived images, please credit NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). In details: Image and data processing by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center. DMSP data collected by US Air Force Weather Agency.

Online resources:

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) DMSP Data Download

This dataset contains data collected at several Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) stations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Florida Bay. These C-MAN stations have been outfitted with additional sensors to collect temperature, salinity and PAR data in addition to the standard sensors for weather related observations. The basic National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) C-MAN instrument package generally monitors meteorological data, such as wind speed and direction, air temperature and barometric pressure, but sea temperature is also measured when possible, at 1 meter deep. The SEAKEYS program has since 1992 provided hourly data from up to seven meteorological and oceanographic monitoring stations situated throughout the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Florida Bay. These data are collected and presented via email and the Web daily, and are supplied through a historical database on the Web. Unique software (Environmental Information Synthesizer for Expert Systems -- EISES) developed for SEAKEYS data operates in near real-time and provides alerts as to conditions conducive to natural events such as coral bleaching (Coral Reef Early Warning System -- CREWS), larval conch survival, and in the future, harmful algal blooms. The future will also bring a database with quality controlled data supplied via the Web, as well as new uses for EISES and new capabilities for CREWS.