The NCEP operational Global Forecast System analysis and forecast grids are on a 0.25 by 0.25 global latitude longitude grid. Grids include analysis and forecast time steps at a 3 hourly interval from 0 to 240, and a 12 hourly interval from 240 to 384. Model forecast runs occur at 00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC daily. For real-time data access please use the NCEP data server [http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/products/gfs/]. NOTE: This dataset now has a direct, continuously updating copy located on AWS (https://noaa-gfs-bdp-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html [https://noaa-gfs-bdp-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html]). Therefore, the RDA will stop updating this dataset in early 2025

The Global Forecast System (GFS) is a weather forecast model produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Dozens of atmospheric and land-soil variables are available through this dataset, from temperatures, winds, and precipitation to soil moisture and atmospheric ozone concentration. The GFS data files stored here can be immediately used for OAR/ARL’s NOAA-EPA Atmosphere-Chemistry Coupler Cloud (NACC-Cloud) tool, and are in a Network Common Data Form (netCDF), which is a very common format used across the scientific community. These particular GFS files contain a comprehensive number of global atmosphere/land variables at a relatively high spatiotemporal resolution (approximately 13x13 km horizontal, vertical resolution of 127 levels, and hourly), are not only necessary for the NACC-Cloud tool to adequately drive community air quality applications (e.g., U.S. EPA’s Community Multiscale Air Quality model; https://www.epa.gov/cmaq), but can be very useful for a myriad of other applications in the Earth system modeling communities (e.g., atmosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere, etc.). While many other data file and record formats are indeed available for Earth system and climate research (e.g., GRIB, HDF, GeoTIFF), the netCDF files here are advantageous to the larger community because of the comprehensive, high spatiotemporal information they contain, and because they are more scalable, appendable, shareable, self-describing, and community-friendly (i.e., many tools available to the community of users). Out of the four operational GFS forecast cycles per day (at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z and 18Z) this particular netCDF dataset is updated daily (/inputs/yyyymmdd/) for the 12Z cycle and includes 24-hr output for both 2D (gfs.t12z.sfcf$0hh.nc) and 3D variables (gfs.t12z.atmf$0hh.nc).

Also available are netCDF formatted Global Land Surface Datasets (GLSDs) developed by Hung et al. (2024). The GLSDs are based on numerous satellite products, and have been gridded to match the GFS spatial resolution (~13x13 km). These GLSDs contain vegetation canopy data (e.g., land surface type, vegetation clumping index, leaf area index, vegetative canopy height, and green vegetation fraction) that are supplemental to and can be combined with the GFS meteorological netCDF data for various applications, including NOAA-ARL's canopy-app. The canopy data variables are climatological, based on satellite data from the year 2020, combined with GFS meteorology for the year 2022, and are created at a daily temporal resolution (/inputs/geo-files/gfs.canopy.t12z.2022mmdd.sfcf000.global.nc)

U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) numerical weather prediction model 8-day, 3-hourly forecast for the Pacific region at approximately 25-km or 0.25-deg resolution. _CoordSysBuilder=ucar.nc2.dataset.conv.CF1Convention acknowledgement=The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). PacIOOS is coordinated by the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). cdm_data_type=Grid Conventions=CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 dataType=Grid date_metadata_modified=2023-01-24 drawLandMask=under Easternmost_Easting=179.75 geospatial_bounds=POLYGON ((-40.0 120.0, 40.0 120.0, 40.0 180.0, -40.0 180.0, -40.0 120.0), (-40.0 -180.0, 40.0 -180.0, 40.0 -80.0, -40.0 -80.0, -40.0 -180.0)) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_lat_max=40.0 geospatial_lat_min=-40.0 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.25 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=179.75 geospatial_lon_min=-180.0 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.25 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=2017-02-03T00:00:00Z Subset 0.25-deg NCEP GFS daily from nomads server via OPeNDAP and Python. 2023-01-24T21:20:00Z Removed erroneous inclusion of "net" in the long_name and standard_name of the variables dlwrfsfc (surface_downwelling_longwave_flux) and dswrfsfc (surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux). Added variables ulwrfsfc (surface_upwelling_longwave_flux) and uswrfsfc (surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux) for users wishing to compute net downward fluxes (e.g., dlwrfsfc minus ulwrfsfc and dswrfsfc minus uswrfsfc). ; FMRC Best Dataset id=ncep_pac infoUrl=https://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/products/gfs/ institution=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) instrument=Not Applicable > Not Applicable instrument_vocabulary=GCMD Instrument Keywords ISO_Topic_Categories=climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords location=Proto fmrc:NCEP_Pacific_Atmospheric_Model locations=Geographic Region > Oceania, Ocean > Pacific Ocean locations_vocabulary=GCMD Location Keywords metadata_link=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/ncep_pac.html naming_authority=org.pacioos Northernmost_Northing=40.0 platform=Models/Analyses > > NCEP-GFS > NCEP Global Forecast System, Models/Analyses > > Operational Models platform_vocabulary=GCMD Platform Keywords program=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) project=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) references=https://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/products/gfs/ source=NOAA/NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) numerical weather prediction model sourceUrl=https://pae-paha.pacioos.hawaii.edu/thredds/dodsC/ncep_pac/NCEP_Pacific_Atmospheric_Model_best.ncd Southernmost_Northing=-40.0 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v39 testOutOfDate=now+136hours time_coverage_end=2025-07-21T12:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT3H time_coverage_start=2022-12-01T12:00:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-180.0

The GraphCast Global Forecast System (GraphCastGFS) is an experimental system set up by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to produce medium range global forecasts. The horizontal resolution is a 0.25 degree latitude-longitude grid (about 28 km). The model runs 4 times a day at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z and 18Z cycles. Major atmospheric and surface fields including temperature, wind components, geopotential height, specific humidity, and vertical velocity, are available. The products are 6 hourly forecasts up to 10 days. The data format is GRIB2.

The GraphCastGFS system is an experimental weather forecast model built upon the pre-trained Google DeepMind’s GraphCast Machine Learning Weather Prediction (MLWP) model. The GraphCast model is implemented as a message-passing graph neural network (GNN) architecture with “encoder-processor-decoder” configuration. It uses an icosahedron grid with multiscale edges and has around 37 million parameters. This model is pre-trained with ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis data. The GraphCastGFSl takes two model states as initial conditions (current and 6-hr previous states) from NCEP 0.25 degree GDAS analysis data and runs GraphCast (37 levels) and GraphCast_operational (13 levels) with a pre-trained model provided by GraphCast. Unit conversion to the GDAS data is conducted to match the input data required by GraphCast and to generate forecast products consistent with GFS from GraphCastGFS’ native forecast data.

The GraphCastGFS version 2 made the following changes from the GraphcastCastGFS version 1.

1. The 37 vertical levels model is removed due to the storage restriction and limited accuracy.
   
2. The 13 levels graphcast ML model was fine-tuned with NCEP’s GDAS data as inputs and ECMWF ERA5 data as ground truth from 20210323 to 20220901, validated from 20220901 to 20230101. Evaluation is done with forecasts from 20230101-20240101. The new weights created from the training are used to create global forecasts. It is important to note that the GraphCastGFS v1 model weights obtained from Google’s DeepMInd were provided based on 12 timesteps training with ERA5 data, while the GraphCastGFS v2 model weights resulted from training with 14 timesteps with GDAS and ERA5 data that significantly increased the accuracy of the forecasts compared with GraphCastGFS V1.
   
   The input data generated from the GDAS data as GraphCast input is provided under input/ directory. An example of file names is shown below
   
   source-gdas_date-2024022000_res-0.25_levels-13_steps-2.nc
   
   The files are under forecasts_13_levels/. There are 40 files under each directory covering a 10 day forecast. An example of file name is listed below
   
   graphcastgfs.t00z.pgrb2.0p25.f006
   
   

1. Starting from 06 cycle on 20240710, the forecast length is increased from 10 days to 16 days.
   
   Please note that this NOAA GraphCastGFS Model was produced using a code package released by Google DeepMind. For information on Google DeepMind, please visit their github page listed in the documentation and license sections of this page.

The Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) has been operational at NCEP since December 1992, with the initial version using the NCEP Global Spectral Model (GSM) at T62L18 resolution (about 200km in horizontal and 18 vertical sigma levels) and the initial condition perturbations (2 pairs perturbed and 1 control members) were generated by breeding vector (BV) method (Toth and Kalnay 1993; Toth and Kalnay 1997; Toth et al. 1997; Toth et al. 2001; Zhu et al. 2002; Buizza et al. 2005; Zhu 2005). The GEFS ran once per day, out to 12 days in the early 90s. During the early 2000s, the 1st generation of GEFS reforecast (1979 - 2006) was produced off-line from using NCEP GFS/GEFS 1998 model version by NOAA PSL (Hamill et al. 2006) to demonstrate the improved ensemble reliability through bias correction and calibration. Over the years, the GEFS has been upgraded. In early 2010, the GEFS was upgraded with enhanced representation of model uncertainty using the Stochastic Total Tendency Perturbation (STTP) algorithm (Hou et al., 2008). The stochastic tendency perturbations were updated every 6 hours. Meanwhile, the 2nd generation of NOAA GEFS reforecasts were produced off-line for 29 years (1985 - 2013) by NOAA PSL (Hamill et al. 2013; NOAA/PSL reforecast website) using GEFS v10 configurations and CFS reanalysis. Through another major upgrade in December 2015, the GEFS initial perturbations were chosen from the operational hybrid Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) 80-member Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF; Whitaker et al., 2008) 6-h forecasts along with tropical storm relocation and centralization of the initial perturbations (Zhou et al. 2016; 2017).More information on GEFS can be found at [a link ]. GEFS data can be found in the GEFS bucket: gs://gfs-ensemble-forecast-system Pub/Sub topics you can subscribe to for updates: projects/gcp-public-data-weather/topics/gfs-ensemble-forecast-system

The Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast precipitation data at 37.5km resolution is created at the NOAA Climate Prediction Center for the purpose of near real-time usage by the national and international relief agencies and the general public. The users of this data include the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF) and the national Meteorological Centers in Africa, Asia and South America. The data is disseminated in the binary format as well as in the form of shape and tiff files for use by the GIS community. This data has seven individual 24-hour accumulated precipitation amounts (in millimeters) corresponding to the seven forecast days and one for the grand total of accumulated 7day total precipitation (in millimeters). Thus, the represented forecast fields have 8 Geotiff files and 8 shape files. All these files are zipped into a single file (per day).

The Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast 0-10cm soil-moisture data at 37.5km resolution is created at the NOAA Climate Prediction Center for the purpose of near real-time usage by the national and international relief agencies and the general public. The users of this data include the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF) and the national Meteorological Centers in Africa, Asia and South America. The data is disseminated in the binary format as well as in the form of shape and tiff files for use by the GIS community. The soil moisture data in the GIS format can be accessed at the online linkage provided above.

This dataset contains Imagery Products generated by the NCEP GFS Cross Section Forecast Model for the area and time of interest for the VOCALS project. The image files are in GIF format.

7 day accumulated precipitation anomaly from the Global Forecast SystemLink to graphical web page: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Global_Monsoons/American_Monsoons/gfs_model.shtmlLink to data download (geo-tiffs): https://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/GIS/GRADS_GIS/GeoTIFF/PREC_FORECASTLink to metadataQuestions/Concerns about the service, please contact the DISS GIS teamTime Information:This service is not time enabled

This dataset contains Imagery Products generated by the NCEP GFS Small Domain Forecast Model for the area and time of interest for the VOCALS project. The image files are in GIF format.

7 day accumulated precipitation anomaly from the Global Forecast SystemLink to graphical web page: https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Global_Monsoons/American_Monsoons/gfs_model.shtmlLink to data download (geo-tiffs): https://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/GIS/GRADS_GIS/GeoTIFF/PREC_FORECASTLink to metadataQuestions/Concerns about the service, please contact the DISS GIS teamTime Information:This service is not time enabled

This dataset contains Mid level clouds NCEP GFS forecast imagery taken during the HIPPO project. The data is in PNG format. The data covers the time span from 2009-01-09 12:00:00 to 2009-01-09 12:00:00.

This dataset contains GFS forecast product model imagery collected during the MILAGRO field project.

This data set contains NOAA/NCEP GFS forecast model imagery over the Western Pacific Ocean. Products include 200mb heights/winds, 200mb height anomaly, 500mb heights and PMSL, tropopause 2PVU height, 200/500/850925mb streamlines, 200-300mb and 700-850mb PV, 850-200mb shear, 850 and 200mb divergence, 200/500/850/925mb RH, and 850mb vorticity. Products are available every 6 hours to 36 hours and every 12 hours from 36-144 hours. These images were developed by NRL and are in gif format.

This dataset contains gif images from the National Weather Service - National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Atlantic area forecasts during the Ice in Clouds Experiment - Tropical (ICE-T) project.

These NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data are on pairs of 2.5x2.5 degree hemispheric grids every twelve hours. This product was from the Global Forecast System (GFS) that was run operationally in near-real time at NCEP. DSS prepared this surface subset from ds082.0. The analyses are available on the surface, at 1000mb and a boundary layer. Parameters include surface pressure, sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature, sea surface temperature, soil temperature, water content of soil, ice cover, water equivalent of snow depth, relative humidity, specific humidity, u- and v-wind components, minimum temperature, maximum temperature and land-sea mask. More information is available [https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds083.1/more.html]

This dataset contains 350mb Potential Vorticity NCEP GFS forecast imagery taken during the HIPPO project. The data is in PNG format. The data covers the time span from 2009-01-05 00:00:00 to 2009-01-09 12:00:00.

This dataset contains 350mb winds NCEP GFS forecast imagery taken during the HIPPO project. The data is in PNG format. The data covers the time span from 2008-12-31 12:00:00 to 2009-01-09 12:00:00.

This dataset includes NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) Forecast Products from the PREDICT field catalog. The files are gif images and were taken during the Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) project. The PREDICT project took place during the summer and fall of 2010 in the Atlantic basin.

This data set contains the several forecast image products from the NOAA/NCEP GFS model. The products include 300mb heights/wind, 500mb heights/vorticity/wind, 700 mb heights/humidity/wind, 850mb heights/temperature/wind, mean sea level pressure/1000-500 mb thickness/precipitation, and surface winds/temperature/MSLP. The products are available every 6 hours out to the 180 hour forecast and every 12 hours from 180-204 hours. The images were created by NOAA/NCEP. his data set contains imagery from the two PLOWS field phases, 6 February to 30 March 2009 and 14 October 2009 to 10 March 2010. No imagery are available for the period between the field phases.