The NDI provides a measure of neighborhood deprivation at the census tract level, with higher values corresponding to more severe deprivation. Each state's values are analyzed independently. The NDI empirically summarizes eight census variables representing five domains: income/poverty, education, employment, housing, and occupation. The eight census variables include the percent of: (1) males in management and professional occupations; (2) crowded housing; (3) households in poverty; (4) female-headed households with dependents; (5) households on public assistance; (6) households with earnings less than $30,000 per year; (7) individuals with less than a high school education; and (8) individuals that are unemployed. The NDI is calculated using a principal components analysis (Messer et al. 2006), such that the NDI values produced depend on the study area that is used in the NDI calculation. Specifically, the NDI value calculated for a given census tract will differ if the NDI was calculated using, for example, all tracts in the county vs. all tracts in the state vs. all tracts in the United States. Prior to selecting, calculating, or using the NDI, it is critically important to define the study area and analytical goals so that the most appropriate study domain is used for the NDI calculation.

This dataset recreates three releases (2015, 2020, and 2022) of The Neighborhood Atlas team’s Area Deprivation Index (ADI) using standardized components. The ADI is a measure that aims to quantify the socioeconomic conditions of census block groups (sometimes used to approximate neighborhoods), originally based on 1990 census tract data and factor loadings. The Neighborhood Atlas team at the University of Wisconsin adapted the ADI to block groups and more recent data, imputing missing data using tract- and county-level data.However, unlike the original index construction method, The Neighborhood Atlas team did not adjust (standardize) individual components before combining them into an overall score. This approach resulted in individual index components measured in dollars, such as income and home value, being overly influential in the final score. This dataset corrects for that by standardizing these components before aggregating, offering a more multi-dimensional view of socioeconomic conditions. The standardized ADI dataset provides continuous rankings for block groups nationwide and decile rankings for block groups within each state.

Abstract

ADI: An index of socioeconomic status for communities. Dataset ingested directly from BigQuery.

Documentation

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) can show where areas of deprivation and affluence exist within a community. The ADI is calculated with 17 indicators from the American Community Survey (ACS) having been well-studied in the peer-reviewed literature since 2003, and used for 20 years by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). High levels of deprivation have been linked to health outcomes such as 30-day hospital readmission rates, cardiovascular disease deaths, cervical cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and all-cause mortality. The 17 indicators from the ADI encompass income, education, employment, and housing conditions at the Census Block Group level.

The ADI is available on BigQuery for release years 2018-2020 and is reported as a percentile that is 0-100% with 50% indicating a "middle of the nation" percentile. Data is provided at the county, ZIP, and Census Block Group levels. Neighborhood and racial disparities occur when some neighborhoods have high ADI scores and others have low scores. A low ADI score indicates affluence or prosperity. A high ADI score is indicative of high levels of deprivation. Raw ADI scores and additional statistics and dataviz can be seen in this ADI story with a BroadStreet free account.

Dataset source: https://help.broadstreet.io/article/adi/

Area Deprivation Index state score in 2020. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) ranks neighborhoods on the basis of socioeconomic disadvantage in the areas of income, education, employment, and housing quality. Areas with greater disadvantage are ranked higher. National scores are normalized to the whole country, and state scores are normalized to a particular state. Higher Area Deprivation Index scores have been shown to correlate with worse health outcomes in measures such as life expectancy. This index was created by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison based on a methodology originally developed by the Health Resources and Services Administration. Areas on this map are ranked against other areas within the state. State scores represent deciles. In other words, they are divided into 10 groups of the same size, where 1 is the lowest rate of disadvantage and 10 is the highest.

Relationship between quintiles of neighborhood deprivation as measured by the ADI and COVID-19 rates in Louisiana census tracts (N = 1127).

The Area Deprivation Index - 3 (ADI-3) is an extension of G.K. Singh's 2003 version of ADI (G.K. Singh. Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US Mortality, 1969-1998. Am. J. Public Health, 93, 1137-1143 (2003). Https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.7.1137). ADI is unidimensional index based on 17 publicly available socioeconomic indicators available in the American Community Survey (2010 to the present). The higher the ADI value for a geographic unit, the higher the deprivation level is for that geographic unit. Berg et al. extended the ADI to a multidimensional construct encompassing neighborhood financial strength, economic hardship and inequality, and educational attainment. This data file includes both the unidimensional ADI value and values for the three factors identified by Berg et al.

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) can show where areas of deprivation and affluence exist within a community. The ADI is calculated with 17 indicators from the American Community Survey (ACS) having been well-studied in the peer-reviewed literature since 2003, and used for 20 years by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). High levels of deprivation have been linked to health outcomes such as 30-day hospital readmission rates, cardiovascular disease deaths, cervical cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and all-cause mortality. The 17 indicators from the ADI encompass income, education, employment, and housing conditions at the Census Block Group level.The ADI is available on BigQuery for release years 2018-2020 and is reported as a percentile that is 0-100% with 50% indicating a "middle of the nation" percentile. Data is provided at the county, ZIP, and Census Block Group levels. Neighborhood and racial disparities occur when some neighborhoods have high ADI scores and others have low scores. A low ADI score indicates affluence or prosperity. A high ADI score is indicative of high levels of deprivation. Raw ADI scores and additional statistics and dataviz can be seen in this ADI story with a BroadStreet free account.Much of the ADI research and popularity would not be possible without the excellent work of Dr. Amy Kind and colleagues at HIPxChange and at The University of Wisconsin Madison.This public dataset is hosted in Google BigQuery and is included in BigQuery's 1TB/mo of free tier processing. This means that each user receives 1TB of free BigQuery processing every month, which can be used to run queries on this public dataset. Watch this short video to learn how to get started quickly using BigQuery to access public datasets. What is BigQuery. Scopri di più

About the Area Deprivation Index (ADI)The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is based on a measure created by the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA) over three decades ago, and has since been refined, adapted, and validated to the Census Block Groupneighborhood level by Amy Kind, MD, PhD and her research team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It allows for rankings of neighborhoods by socioeconomic disadvantage in a region of interest (e.g. at the state or national level). It includes factors for the theoretical domains of income, education, employment, and housing quality. It can be used to inform health delivery and policy, especially for the most disadvantaged neighborhood groups. "Neighborhood" is defined as a Census Block Group.For more information, please visit: https://www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu/

Here are the raw data and R code used in the paper "A comparison of two neighborhood-level socioeconomic indices in the United States" by Boscoe and Li currently under review. The raw data and data dictionary are exactly as they were obtained from the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS). The data comprise the 7 American Community Survey variables used to construct the Yost Index at the block group level for the period 2011-2015.

Area Deprivation Index (ADI) Quintiles (Q) in Louisiana census tracts (N = 1127).

The table adi_by_county is part of the dataset Area Deprivation Index (ADI), available at https://columbia.redivis.com/datasets/axrk-7jx8wdwc2. It contains 9426 rows across 8 variables.

ObjectivesTo compare 2 frequently used area-level socioeconomic deprivation indices: the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI).MethodsIndex agreement was assessed via pairwise correlations, decile score distribution and mean comparisons, and mapping. The 2019 ADI and 2018 SVI indices at the U.S. census tract-level were analyzed.ResultsIndex correlation was modest (R = 0.51). Less than half (44.4%) of all tracts had good index agreement (0–1 decile difference). Among the 6.3% of tracts with poor index agreement (≥6 decile difference), nearly 1 in 5 were classified by high SVI and low ADI scores. Index items driving poor agreement, such as high rents, mortgages, and home values in urban areas with characteristics indicative of socioeconomic deprivation, were also identified.ConclusionsDifferences in index dimensions and agreement indicated that ADI and SVI are not interchangeable measures of socioeconomic deprivation at the tract level. Careful consideration is necessary when selecting an area-level socioeconomic deprivation measure that appropriately defines deprivation relative to the context in which it will be used. How deprivation is operationalized affects interpretation by researchers as well as public health practitioners and policymakers making decisions about resource allocation and working to address health equity.

Median and IQR values of census tract level indicators in Louisiana.

I grouped the 2013 United States Area Deprivation Index (https://www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu) by deciles and plotted the distribution by decile by state. Each state can be seen to have its own socioeconomic profile, ranging from balanced (Illinois) to skewed toward high deprivation (Mississippi), low deprivation (Massachusetts), or moderate levels (Idaho). These graphs are more informative than a single summary measure. They also served as an exercise in R programming - the code used to generate these graphs is included here.

United States County Level Social Deprivation Scores and associated Census Bureau metrics used to compute the scores as well as the sub scores of each. Data are derived from the R package deprivateR, created by Christopher Prener PhD and Timothy Wiemken PhD at Pfizer Inc. Scores include multiple versions of the Social Vulnerability Index, The University of Wisconsin Area Deprivation Index, and the Gini indices.

The Index of Multiple Deprivation, commonly known as the IMD, is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England. It is the most widely used of the Indices of Deprivation. The Index of Multiple Deprivation ranks every small area in England from 1 (most deprived area) to 32,844 (least deprived area) (2015). These small areas are called Lower-layer Super Output Areas.

The Indices of Deprivation 2015 provide a set of relative measures of deprivation for small areas (Lower-layer Super Output Areas) across England, based on seven different domains of deprivation: * Income Deprivation * Employment Deprivation * Education, Skills and Training Deprivation * Health Deprivation and Disability * Crime * Barriers to Housing and Services * Living Environment Deprivation

Each of these domains is based on a basket of indicators. As far as is possible, each indicator is based on data from the most recent time point available; in practice most indicators in the Indices of Deprivation 2015 relate to the tax year 2012/13. Combining information from the seven domains produces an overall relative measure of deprivation, the Index of Multiple Deprivation. In addition, there are seven domain-level indices, and two supplementary indices: the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index. A range of summary measures are available for higher-level geographies which includes local authority districts, in 2015 there were 326 local authority districts. These are based on the geographic boundaries for these areas at the time of publication. The Index of Multiple Deprivation, domain indices and the supplementary indices, together with the higher area summaries, are collectively referred to as the Indices of Deprivation. You will find attached to this dataset resources from not only the 2015 Indices but previous years as well.

Further information can be found at

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/467901/English_Indices_of_Deprivation_2015_-_Frequently_Asked_Questions.pdf

The Economic Deprivation Index (EDI) is a measure of deprivation which is produced at Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) level and is made up of two domains: Income and Employment. The EDI was produced in order to combat difficulties in comparing the Indices of Deprivation 2004 and 2007 as different methodologies were used. The EDI has been constructed in a consistent manner over time and can be used to track the progress of deprived neighbourhoods. This theme presents the score values for the EDI from 1999 to 2005. This data originates from Communities and Local Government, Economic Deprivation Index, 2008.

Baseline characteristics in women (n = 45,229).

Topicality: 2018 - 2019Projection: New Zealand Transverse Mercator (NZTM)This dataset contains occupied and unoccupied private dwelling counts from and usually resident population counts from the 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses, with percentage changes between the 2013 Census and 2018 Censuses, by statistical area 2.The data is sourced from the Census 2018 data published by Statistics New Zealand (StatsNZ) and Index of Multiple Deprivation by the Ministry of Health/ University of Otago.StatsNZ data: Ministery of Health/University of Otago dataThis layer is offered by Eagle Technology (Official Esri Distributor). Eagle Technology offers services that can be used in the ArcGIS platform. The Content team at Eagle Technology updates the layers on a regular basis and regularly adds new content to the Living Atlas. By using this content and combining it with other data you can create new information products quickly and easily.If you have any questions or comments about the content, please let us now at livingatlas@eagle.co.nz.

The Townsend Deprivation Index is a measure of material deprivation first introduced by Peter Townsend in 1987. A Townsend score can be calculated using a combination of four census variables for any geographical area (provided census data is available for that area). The measure has been widely used in research for health, education and crime to establish whether relationships exist with deprivation. The Townsend scores below were calculated for the UK based on data from the 2011 Census and include a discussion with geographical visualisations of the findings.