Abstract

ADI: An index of socioeconomic status for communities. Dataset ingested directly from BigQuery.

Documentation

The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) can show where areas of deprivation and affluence exist within a community. The ADI is calculated with 17 indicators from the American Community Survey (ACS) having been well-studied in the peer-reviewed literature since 2003, and used for 20 years by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). High levels of deprivation have been linked to health outcomes such as 30-day hospital readmission rates, cardiovascular disease deaths, cervical cancer incidence, cancer deaths, and all-cause mortality. The 17 indicators from the ADI encompass income, education, employment, and housing conditions at the Census Block Group level.

The ADI is available on BigQuery for release years 2018-2020 and is reported as a percentile that is 0-100% with 50% indicating a "middle of the nation" percentile. Data is provided at the county, ZIP, and Census Block Group levels. Neighborhood and racial disparities occur when some neighborhoods have high ADI scores and others have low scores. A low ADI score indicates affluence or prosperity. A high ADI score is indicative of high levels of deprivation. Raw ADI scores and additional statistics and dataviz can be seen in this ADI story with a BroadStreet free account.

Dataset source: https://help.broadstreet.io/article/adi/

Topicality: 2023Projection: New Zealand Transverse Mercator (NZTM) This dataset includes counts and measures for individuals, dwellings, households, families, and extended families from the 2023 Census. Data is available at the Statistical Area 1 (SA1) level, with additional higher geographies for 2023, including:Statistical Area 2 (SA2)Statistical Area 3 (SA3)Urban/Rural areasTerritorial AuthoritiesRegional CouncilsThe data is sourced from the 2023 Census data published by Statistics New Zealand (StatsNZ) and Index of Multiple Deprivation by the Ministry of Health/University of Otago. Lookup Tables:Download lookup file for 'Individual part 1' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Individual part 2' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Dwellings' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service. Download lookup file for 'Households' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service.Download lookup file for 'Family' topic from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or Stats NZ geographic data service. This layer is offered by Eagle Technology (Official Esri Distributor). Eagle Technology offers services that can be used in the ArcGIS platform. The Content team at Eagle Technology updates the layers on a regular basis and regularly adds new content to the Living Atlas. By using this content and combining it with other data, you can create new information products quickly and easily.If you have any questions or comments about the content, please let us know at livingatlas@eagle.co.nz. NotesDeprivation IndexThe NZDep Index measures relative socioeconomic deprivation for geographic areas, not individuals. The specific indicators and boundaries used to calculate NZDep can change between Censuses. As a result, some deprivation index values may appear as null.Data Values-997 and -999 values from the Stats NZ dataset, previously used to represent unavailable or confidential data, have been replaced with null to improve compatibility with Smart Mapping and Policy Mapping workflows. Users should note that while this change supports data processing, null may represent a placeholder for unavailable or confidential values, depending on the context.

The 2023 NZ Deprivation Index helps us see which communities across Aotearoa face the highest levels of socio-economic deprivation. These areas—ranked decile 8, 9 and particularly decile 10—are where whānau often deal with low incomes, limited work opportunities, poor housing, and restricted access to essential services.Understanding why these areas rank highly can help iwi, hapū, community trusts, and service providers target funding and resources where they’re needed most.Access the data online without download (Source data before the maps below):

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 use 39 separate indicators, organised across seven distinct domains of deprivation which can be combined, using appropriate weights, to calculate the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019). This is an overall measure of multiple deprivation experienced by people living in an area and is calculated for every Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. The IMD 2019 can be used to rank every LSOA in England according to their relative level of deprivation.

Column

Full Column

LSOA01CD

LSOA code (2011)

LSOA01NM

LSOA name (2011)

LADcd

Local Authority District code (2019)

LADnm

Local Authority District name (2019)

IMDScore

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Score

IMDRank0

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IMDDec0

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IncScore

Income Score (rate)

IncRank

Income Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IncDec

Income Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EmpScore

Employment Score (rate)

EmpRank

Employment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EmpDec

Employment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EduScore

Education, Skills and Training Score

EduRank

Education, Skills and Training Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EduDec

Education, Skills and Training Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

HDDScore

Health Deprivation and Disability Score

HDDRank

Health Deprivation and Disability Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

HDDDec

Health Deprivation and Disability Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

CriScore

Crime Score

CriRank

Crime Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

CriDec

Crime Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

BHSScore

Barriers to Housing and Services Score

BHSRank

Barriers to Housing and Services Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

BHSDec

Barriers to Housing and Services Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

EnvScore

Living Environment Score

EnvRank

Living Environment Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

EnvDec

Living Environment Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IDCScore

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Score (rate)

IDCRank

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IDCDec

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IDOScore

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Score (rate)

IDORank

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IDODec

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People (IDAOPI) Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

CYPScore

Children and Young People Sub-domain Score

CYPRank

Children and Young People Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

CYPDec

Children and Young People Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

ASScore

Adult Skills Sub-domain Score

ASRank

Adult Skills Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

ASDec

Adult Skills Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

GBScore

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Score

GBRank

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

GBDec

Geographical Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

WBScore

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Score

WBRank

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

WBDec

Wider Barriers Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

IndScore

Indoors Sub-domain Score

IndRank

Indoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

IndDec

Indoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

OutScore

Outdoors Sub-domain Score

OutRank

Outdoors Sub-domain Rank (where 1 is most deprived)

OutDec

Outdoors Sub-domain Decile (where 1 is most deprived 10% of LSOAs)

TotPop

Total population: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

DepChi

Dependent Children aged 0-15: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

Pop16_59

Population aged 16-59: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

Pop60+

Older population aged 60 and over: mid 2015 (excluding prisoners)

WorkPop

Working age population 18-59/64: for use with Employment Deprivation Domain (excluding prisoners)

The 694 data zones in Glasgow ranked in 2012, 2009, 2006 and 2004 for the housing domain in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). Each data zone also has a local ranking i.e. within Glasgow to ease comparison for that data zone over time and within the city. Intermediate Geographies and political geographies such as the 2011 Scottish Parliamentary Constituencies, multi-member wards are also included. Datazones nest directly into intermediate geographies and local authorities but do not fit exactly into higher geographies like multi-member wards, SIMD FAQ The Scottish Government describes this index as follows, 'The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland in a consistent way. It allows effective targeting of policies and funding where the aim is to wholly or partly tackle or take account of area concentrations of multiple deprivation. The SIMD ranks small areas (called data zones) from most deprived (ranked 1) to least deprived (ranked 6,505). People using the SIMD will often focus on the data zones below a certain rank, for example, the 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% most deprived data zones in Scotland.' How to use the SIMD - Scottish Government Guidance Data extracted 2013-12-17 from opendatascotland.org and data.glasgow.gov.uk Data supplied by The Scottish Government. Licence: None simd-housing-2004-2012-glasgow-v2.xlsx - https://dataservices.open.glasgow.gov.uk/Download/Organisation/728522f0-86da-48c6-8f75-1649934eb8a4/Dataset/e1a4331f-a186-43bb-bfbc-e4a7880e5376/File/a4d686fb-fb4a-4bd2-8e3b-1d62bac4b3ec/Version/8bb148d9-7b4f-4320-8cb7-9aa106e7bd2a

The 694 data zones in Glasgow ranked in 2012, 2009, 2006 and 2004 for the health domain in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). Each data zone also has a local ranking i.e. within Glasgow to ease comparison for that data zone over time and within the city. Intermediate Geographies and political geographies such as the 2011 Scottish Parliamentary Constituencies, multi-member wards are also included. Datazones nest directly into intermediate geographies and local authorities but do not fit exactly into higher geographies like multi-member wards, SIMD FAQ The Scottish Government describes this index as follows, 'The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland in a consistent way. It allows effective targeting of policies and funding where the aim is to wholly or partly tackle or take account of area concentrations of multiple deprivation. The SIMD ranks small areas (called data zones) from most deprived (ranked 1) to least deprived (ranked 6,505). People using the SIMD will often focus on the data zones below a certain rank, for example, the 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% most deprived data zones in Scotland.' How to use the SIMD - Scottish Government Guidance Data extracted 2013-12-17 from opendatascotland.org and data.glasgow.gov.uk Data supplied by The Scottish Government. Licence: None simd-health-2004-2012-glasgow-v2.xlsx - https://dataservices.open.glasgow.gov.uk/Download/Organisation/728522f0-86da-48c6-8f75-1649934eb8a4/Dataset/2ca443a5-73d4-4b39-b2ed-f66b83e7d58d/File/ee14a0a4-51cd-4a0d-9237-d96eff0722b0/Version/f4dae475-2557-4124-a5e9-d88b9380152b

Dataset for the maps accompanying the Housing in Aotearoa New Zealand: 2025 report. This dataset contains counts and measures for:

• average number of private dwellings per square kilometre
• severe housing deprivation
• home ownership rates
• mould and damp.

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Data is available by territorial authority and Auckland local board.

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Average number of private dwellings per square kilometre has data for occupied, unoccupied, and total private dwellings from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses, including:

• dwelling counts
• percentage change in the count of dwellings
• average number of dwellings per square kilometre.

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Severe housing deprivation has data for the census usually resident population from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses, including:

• estimated prevalence rate of severe housing deprivation (per 10,000 people)
• estimated rate for those; without shelter, in temporary accommodation, sharing someone else’s private dwelling, in uninhabitable housing, for whom it could not be determined whether they were severely housing deprived or not.

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Home ownership rates has data for households in occupied private dwellings from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses, including:

• counts and percentages for households that owned their home or held it in a family trust, or did not own their home
• percentage change in the count of households that owned their home or held it in a family trust, or did not own their home.

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Mould and damp has data for occupied private dwellings from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses, including:

• counts and percentages for dwellings with or without mould or damp
• percentage change in the count of dwellings with or without mould or damp.

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Map shows the average number of private dwellings per square kilometre for the 2023 Census

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Map shows the estimated prevalence rate of severe housing deprivation (per 10,000 people) for the census usually resident population for the 2023 Census.

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Map shows the percentage of households in occupied private dwellings that owned their home or held it in a family trust for the 2023 Census.

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Map shows the percentage of occupied private dwellings that were damp or mouldy for the 2023 Census.

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Download lookup file from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or embedded attachment in Stats NZ geographic data service. Download data table (excluding the geometry column for CSV files) using the instructions in the Koordinates help guide.

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Footnotes

Geographical boundaries

Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023 (updated December 2023) has information about geographic boundaries as of 1 January 2023. Address data from 2013 and 2018 Censuses was updated to be consistent with the 2023 areas. Due to the changes in area boundaries and coding methodologies, 2013 and 2018 counts published in 2023 may be slightly different to those published in 2013 or 2018.

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Subnational census usually resident population

The census usually resident population count of an area (subnational count) is a count of all people who usually live in that area and were present in New Zealand on census night. It excludes visitors from overseas, visitors from elsewhere in New Zealand, and residents temporarily overseas on census night. For example, a person who usually lives in Christchurch city and is visiting Wellington city on census night will be included in the census usually resident population count of Christchurch city. 

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Population counts

Stats NZ publishes a number of different population counts, each using a different definition and methodology. Population statistics – user guide has more information about different counts. 

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Caution using time series

Time series data should be interpreted with care due to changes in census methodology and differences in response rates between censuses. The 2023 and 2018 Censuses used a combined census methodology (using census responses and administrative data), while the 2013 Census used a full-field enumeration methodology (with no use of administrative data).

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Severe housing deprivation time series

The 2018 estimates of severe housing deprivation have been updated using the 2023 methodology for estimating severe housing deprivation. Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information.

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Severe housing deprivation

Figures in this map and geospatial file exclude Women’s refuge data, as well as estimates for children living in non-private dwellings. Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information.

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Dwelling density

This data shows the average number of private dwellings (occupied and unoccupied) per square kilometre of land for an area. This is a measure of dwelling density.

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About the 2023 Census dataset

For information on the 2023 Census dataset see Using a combined census model for the 2023 Census. We combined data from the census forms with administrative data to create the 2023 Census dataset, which meets Stats NZ's quality criteria for population structure information. We added real data about real people to the dataset where we were confident the people who hadn’t completed a census form (which is known as admin enumeration) will be counted. We also used data from the 2018 and 2013 Censuses, administrative data sources, and statistical imputation methods to fill in some missing characteristics of people and dwellings.

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Data quality

The quality of data in the 2023 Census is assessed using the quality rating scale and the quality assurance framework to determine whether data is fit for purpose and suitable for release. Data quality assurance in the 2023 Census has more information.

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Quality rating of a variable

The quality rating of a variable provides an overall evaluation of data quality for that variable, usually at the highest levels of classification. The quality ratings shown are for the 2023 Census unless stated. There is variability in the quality of data at smaller geographies. Data quality may also vary between censuses, for subpopulations, or when cross tabulated with other variables or at lower levels of the classification. Data quality ratings for 2023 Census variables has more information on quality ratings by variable.

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Census usually resident population count concept quality rating

The census usually resident population count is rated as very high quality.

Census usually resident population count – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Quality of severe housing deprivation data

Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information on the data quality of this variable.

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Dwelling occupancy status quality rating

Dwelling occupancy status is rated as high quality.

Dwelling occupancy status – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Dwelling type quality rating

Dwelling type is rated as moderate quality.

Dwelling type – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Tenure of household quality rating

Tenure of household is rated as moderate quality.

Tenure of household – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Dwelling dampness indicator quality rating

Dwelling dampness indicator is rated as moderate quality.

Housing quality – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Dwelling mould indicator quality rating

Dwelling mould indicator is rated as moderate quality.

Housing quality – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Using data for good

Stats NZ expects that, when working with census

The 694 data zones in Glasgow ranked in 2012, 2009, 2006 and 2004 for overall deprivation covering the combined domains: income; employment; health; education; housing; access and crime. Each data zone also has a local ranking i.e. within Glasgow to ease comparison for that data zone over time and within the city. Intermediate Geographies and political geographies such as the 2011 Scottish Parliamentary Constituencies, multi-member wards are also included. Datazones nest directly into intermediate geographies and local authorities but do not fit exactly into higher geographies like multi-member wards, SIMD FAQ The Scottish Government describes this index as follows, 'The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland in a consistent way. It allows effective targeting of policies and funding where the aim is to wholly or partly tackle or take account of area concentrations of multiple deprivation. The SIMD ranks small areas (called data zones) from most deprived (ranked 1) to least deprived (ranked 6,505). People using the SIMD will often focus on the data zones below a certain rank, for example, the 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% most deprived data zones in Scotland.' How to use the SIMD - Scottish Government Guidance Data extracted 2013-12-17 from opendatascotland.org and data.glasgow.gov.uk Data supplied by The Scottish Government. Licence: None simd-overall-2004-2012-glasgow-v2.xlsx - https://dataservices.open.glasgow.gov.uk/Download/Organisation/728522f0-86da-48c6-8f75-1649934eb8a4/Dataset/bbe647fd-db8c-437f-a7f5-d7e694b523b3/File/21b18ecf-0d72-4a51-a401-fc7282717d74/Version/778ebd4b-e02c-4632-b6d7-96f43534f231

The 694 data zones in Glasgow ranked in 2012, 2009, and 2006 for the crime domain in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). Each data zone also has a local ranking i.e. within Glasgow to ease comparison for that data zone over time and within the city. Intermediate Geographies and political geographies such as the 2011 Scottish Parliamentary Constituencies, multi-member wards are also included. Datazones nest directly into intermediate geographies and local authorities but do not fit exactly into higher geographies like multi-member wards, SIMD FAQ The Scottish Government describes this index as follows, 'The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland in a consistent way. It allows effective targeting of policies and funding where the aim is to wholly or partly tackle or take account of area concentrations of multiple deprivation. The SIMD ranks small areas (called data zones) from most deprived (ranked 1) to least deprived (ranked 6,505). People using the SIMD will often focus on the data zones below a certain rank, for example, the 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% most deprived data zones in Scotland.' How to use the SIMD - Scottish Government Guidance Data extracted 2013-12-17 from opendatascotland.org and data.glasgow.gov.uk Data supplied by The Scottish Government Licence: None simd-crime-2006-2012-glasgow-v2.xlsx - https://dataservices.open.glasgow.gov.uk/Download/Organisation/728522f0-86da-48c6-8f75-1649934eb8a4/Dataset/e021aa52-e858-4770-bd2b-733a9c53d84d/File/56b9ecbd-340b-4f6c-8c26-adfd0205c04e/Version/8d4fa076-3db5-4c40-ab0a-531ba242aeb0