GORING, Simon, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, 550 N Park St, Madison, WI 53706

The Neotoma Paleoecology Database serves global change science by providing a community-curated data resource (CCDR) for paleoecological and associated paleoenvironmental data. Neotoma currently holds over 4 million individual observations in over 31,000 datasets and 15,000 sites. Major dataset types stored include fossil pollen, vertebrate records, diatoms, ostracodes, testate amoebae, insects, macroinvertebrates, and charcoal, and the data model can be readily extended to other data types. The database also stores 5,000 geochronological age controls, mostly radiocarbon dates, along with associated age-depth model metadata and age inferences. Neotoma includes surface sample datasets with associated environmental variables for data calibration. Data upload, cleaning, and curation are performed by Data Stewards using the Tilia software system, with validation steps including checks of variable names, geographic coordinates, and site name duplication. Neotoma data can be explored and visualized using the map-based Neotoma Explorer and obtained using RESTful Application Programmatic Interfaces (APIs) and the neotoma R package. Third-party websites and apps drawing on Neotoma include the NOAA WDC-Paleoclimatology data portal, the Earth Life Consortium APIs for paleobiological data, the Global Pollen Project, and Flyover Country. Neotoma is governed by an elected Neotoma Leadership Council and welcomes community data contributions, new members, and new stewards.

S1 File. SI_C01_SPD_KDE_models. R-script for analysing radiocarbon dates dates. The code performs the computation of over-regional and regional SPD and KDE models, as well as their export to CSV files (Rmd). S2 File. SI_C02_aoristic_dating. R-script for exporting aoristic time series derived from typochronological dated archaeological material as CSV files (Rmd). S3 File. SI_C03_vegetation_openness_score_example. R-script performing the computation of a vegetation openness score from pollen records and the export of the generated time series as CVS file (Rmd). S4 File. SI_C04_data_preparation. Jupyter Notebook performing the import and transformation of relevant data visualize plots exhibited in the paper (ipynb). S5 File. SI_C05_figures_extra. Jupyter Notebook visualizing the plots exhibited in the paper (ipynb). S1 Data. SI_D01_reg_data_no_dups. Spread sheet holding radiocarbon dates, with the information of laboratory identification, site name, geographical coordinates, site type, material, source and regional affiliation (csv). S2 Data. SI_D02_reg_axe_dagger_graves. Spread sheet holding entries of axes and daggers, with the information of context, site, parish, artefact identification, type, subtype, absolute dating, typochonological dating, references, geographical coordinates and regional affiliations (csv). S3 Data. SI_D03_pollen_example. Spread sheet holding sample entries of the pollen records from Krageholm (neotoma Site ID 3204) and Bjäresjöholmsjön (neotoma Site ID 3017) for example run of S3 File. Record can be access via the neotoma explorer (https://apps.neotomadb.org/explorer/) with their given IDs. Each entry holds the information of the records type, regional affiliation, absolute BP and BCE dating, as well as the counts of given plant taxa (csv). S4 Data. SI_D04_PAP_303600_TOC_LOI. Table holding sample entries of TOC content, LOI and SST reconstruction of sediment core PAP_303600 for correlations of population development with Baltic sea surface temperature. Available via 10.1594/PANGAEA.883292 (tab). S5 Data. SI_D05_vos_[…]. Spread sheets holding the vegetation openness score time series of lake Belau, Vinge, Northern Jutland and Zealand (csv). (ZIP)