In the year to June 2025, approximately 898,000 people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 693,000 people migrated from the country, resulting in a net migration figure of 204,000. There have consistently been more people migrating to the United Kingdom than leaving it since 1993 when approximately 1,000 more people left the country than arrived. Although migration from the European Union has declined since the Brexit vote of 2016, migration from non-EU countries accelerated rapidly from 2021 onwards. In the year to June 2023, 968,000 people from non-EU countries migrated to the UK, compared with 129,000 from EU member states. Immigration and the 2024 election Since late 2022, immigration, along with the economy and healthcare, has consistently been seen by UK voters as one of the top issues facing the country. Despite a pledge to deter irregular migration via small boats, and controversial plans to send asylum applicants to Rwanda while their claims are being processed, Rishi Sunak's Conservative government lost the trust of the public on this issue. On the eve of the last election, 20 percent of Britons thought the Labour Party would be the best party to handle immigration, compared with 13 percent who thought the Conservatives would handle it better. Sunak and the Conservatives went on to lose this election, suffering their worst defeat in modern elections. Historical context of migration The first humans who arrived in the British Isles, were followed by acts of conquest and settlement from Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Normans. In the early modern period, there were also significant waves of migration from people fleeing religious or political persecution, such as the French Huguenots. More recently, large numbers of people also left Britain. Between 1820 and 1957, for example, around 4.5 million people migrated from Britain to America. After World War Two, immigration from Britain's colonies and former colonies was encouraged to meet labour demands. A key group that migrated from the Caribbean between the late 1940s and early 1970s became known as the Windrush generation, named after one of the ships that brought the arrivals to Britain.

Figures presented show the movement of older people between local authorities and regions. Both indicators included in this dataset have been derived from the published 2019 internal migration dataset for England and Wales. The numbers presented are the net number of people aged 65 years and over and 85 years and over entering/ leaving the local authority or region in the 12-month period stated.

This dataset has been produced by the Ageing Analysis Team for inclusion in a subnational ageing tool, which was published in July 2020. The tool is interactive, and users are able to compare latest and projected measures of ageing for up to four different areas through selection on a map or from a drop-down menu.

In 2020, the North Italian regions of Emilia-Romagna and Trentino-South Tyrol had the largest increase in inhabitants, with a net migration of 2.9 per 1,000 inhabitants, respectively. On the contrary, Calabria recorded the lowest net migration rate, with a negative value of 4.3. Similarly, several regions in the South and in the Center showed negative figures, which means that the amount of residents who moved out of these regions was higher than the number of residents moving into the same areas.

Net migration reached its lowest level in 1950 (-******) when the number of migrants arriving in the country was estimated at *****, compared to around ****** people departing. In 2024, there were more inflows than outflows, resulting in a net migration of nearly ***** people. Foreign migration of population For several years Poland has been witnessing a positive balance of migration. The number of immigrants reached ******, while emigration reached ****** in 2024. The main directions of permanent emigration are Germany and the United Kingdom. Immigrants coming to Poland to live permanently are mostly returning Polish emigrants. Hence, the most significant number of people came from the United Kingdom and Germany. Much larger is the scale of migration for temporary residence. There has been an increase in the number of immigrants temporarily staying in Poland recently. The number of economic immigrants is growing, especially Ukrainian citizens interested in taking up temporary employment. There is also a noticeable increase in the number of foreigners interested in continuing their education at Polish universities. The analysis of migration trends indicates that Poland is transforming from a typical emigration country into an emigration and immigration country. Internal migration of the population The period from 2017 to 2019 saw an increased number of internal movements. However, due to the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of internal migrants fell to ******* in 2020. As a result of internal migration, rural areas gained residents. The balance of migration for rural areas amounted to nearly ****** people. In Mazowieckie, Pomorskie, Małopolskie, Dolnośląskie, and Wielkopolskie region, the inflow of population was greater than the outflow. Therefore, internal migrations caused an increase in the population of those voivodeships. The remaining voivodeships recorded a decrease. The most significant population loss in 2020 was experienced by Lubelskie and Śląskie voivodeships — this trend has been maintained for several years.

Annual mid-year data on internal migration moves for England and Wales, by local authority, region, five-year age group and sex.

This dataset shows the percentage of net migration in EU regions (NUTS3 level) between 2001 and 2011.

Total population growth between 2001 and 2011 was modest at 3.8% in the EU-28. The contribution of natural growth (births less deaths) was small (only 0.4%), most of the increase coming from net inward migration from outside the EU.

Total change in % .EU-28 = 2.64 HR: 2002-2011. Source: Eurostat

This dataset contains information from the Office for National Statistics internal migration data for Wales, showing the migrant flows into and out of each local authority in Wales (and Wales itself) to and from other parts of the UK, and also a net position, by sex and quinary (five-year) age group. Note that data for Wales as a whole will not be the sum of individual local authority data as moves between local authorities within Wales will not contribute to the flows into or out of Wales.

Components of international migratory increase, quarterly: immigrants, emigrants, returning emigrants, net temporary emigrants, net non-permanent residents.

The net migration rate is the total sum of residents moving in and out of an area. When the figure is positive, more residents have moved into the region than inhabitants moving out. In 2024, the north-east of Italy had the greatest increase in inhabitants nationwide, with a net internal migration rate of 1.9 per 1,000 inhabitants, followed by the north-west. On the contrary, the south recorded a negative net migration rate of -2.9. Hence, this area is loosing inhabitants in favor of the northern regions. Similarly, the islands registered a negative rate of -2.1 per 1,000 residents.

This dataset presents the estimates of the internal and overseas migration statistics of Australia by age by Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) following the 2016 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The dataset spans from the 2016-17 financial year up to the 2019-20 financial year. Overseas migration is the movement of people from overseas to Australia's sub-state areas and vice-versa. It cannot be directly measured and is estimated by breaking down overseas migrant arrivals and departures at the state level to sub-state areas, using information from the most recent Census. The state-level overseas migration data is sourced from Department of Home Affairs processing systems, visa information, and incoming passenger cards, and is published in National, state and territory population. Internal migration is the movement of people across a specified boundary within Australia involving a change in place of usual residence. It cannot be directly measured and is instead estimated using administrative data. The movement of people between and within Australia's states and territories cannot be directly measured and is estimated using administrative data. Internal migration is estimated based on a combination of Census data (usual address one year ago), Medicare change of address data (provided by Services Australia), and Department of Defence records (for military personnel only). The Medicare source data is assigned to a state or territory and GCCSA for a person's departure and arrival locations, based on the postcodes of their residential addresses as registered with Medicare. Postcodes are assigned wholly to a state/territory and GCCSA based on best fit. Where a postcode is split across areas, it is assigned to the area that contains the majority of that postcode's population. For more information please visit the Regional population methodology. AURIN has spatially enabled the original data.

In 2024, India witnessed a negative net migration of 630 thousand people. Fluctuations in the migrant population were seen over the years from 2016 onward in the country. A negative net migration rate indicates that more people are leaving a region than are moving in.

Estimate of net migrations for area from Washington Data and Research, Office of Financial Management, Washington(April 1, 2018 press release and data products).

Migration in Europe in 2024 marks a return to normality after the extreme disruptions experienced in 2022. While in 2022 ******* saw the largest negative net migration balance, with almost * million of its citizens fleeing the eastern European country in the aftermath of Russia's invasion, in 2024 it is in fact the country with the largest positive net migration balance. Over **** million Ukrainians have returned to their home country from abroad, leading Poland, Romania, and Hungary to have large net migration deficits, as they were key recipient countries for Ukrainians in 2022. The other countries which experienced large positive net migration balances in 2023 are all in Western Europe, as the UK, the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Spain all remain popular destinations for migrants.

This dataset presents the estimates of the internal and overseas migration statistics of Australia by age by Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4) following the 2016 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The dataset spans from the 2016-17 financial year up to the 2019-20 financial year. Overseas migration is the movement of people from overseas to Australia's sub-state areas and vice-versa. It cannot be directly measured and is estimated by breaking down overseas migrant arrivals and departures at the state level to sub-state areas, using information from the most recent Census. The state-level overseas migration data is sourced from Department of Home Affairs processing systems, visa information, and incoming passenger cards, and is published in National, state and territory population. Internal migration is the movement of people across a specified boundary within Australia involving a change in place of usual residence. It cannot be directly measured and is instead estimated using administrative data. The movement of people between and within Australia's states and territories cannot be directly measured and is estimated using administrative data. Internal migration is estimated based on a combination of Census data (usual address one year ago), Medicare change of address data (provided by Services Australia), and Department of Defence records (for military personnel only). The Medicare source data is assigned to a state or territory and GCCSA for a person's departure and arrival locations, based on the postcodes of their residential addresses as registered with Medicare. Postcodes are assigned wholly to a state/territory and GCCSA based on best fit. Where a postcode is split across areas, it is assigned to the area that contains the majority of that postcode's population. For more information please visit the Regional population methodology. AURIN has spatially enabled the original data.

This dataset presents the estimates of the internal migration statistics of Australia by Local Government Areas (LGA) following the 2011 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The dataset spans from the 2006-07 financial year up to the 2015-16 financial year.

Regional internal migration is the movement of people from one region to another within Australia (both interstate and intrastate). For example, it incorporates moves from a Local Government Area (LGA) to any other LGA within the country. Net regional internal migration is the net gain or loss of population through this movement.

The ABS has developed a new series of annual regional internal migration estimates (RIME) based on the 2011 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The Medicare and Defence data used for estimating interstate migration is now also used to estimate internal migration below the state/territory level. However, as Medicare and Defence change of address counts are supplied to the ABS by postcode a method was developed to convert these counts to SA2, the base spatial unit of the ASGS. The method used correspondences to convert to SA2, and adjustments were applied to account for known deficiencies in the Medicare and Defence data. A similar method was used to prepare RIME at the LGA level, based on 2011 boundaries.

This data is Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data (catalogue number: 3412.0) used with permission from the ABS.

For more information please visit the ABS Explanatory Notes.

Please note: RIME are not directly comparable with estimated resident populations (ERPs) because of the different methods and source data used to prepare each series. The combination of natural increase and net migration (internal and overseas) therefore may not correspond with change in ERP. AURIN has spatially enabled the original data.

This table contains 46 series, with data for years 1871 - 1971 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and is no longer being released. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (12 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia; ...); Estimates (4 items: Migrants by province of residence; Migrants by province of birth; Natural population increase; Net migration).

In New Zealand, internal migration is typically the most difficult component of net migration’s contribution to subnational population change to measure. Internal migrants are not required to register their moves with any agency. The five-yearly census of population and dwellings has included a question on “usual residence five years ago” since 1971, which has been the authoritative data source for measuring internal migration. However, the infrequency of the collection (every five years), and the ‘snapshot’ nature of a transition-based measure are significant limitations. Other measures of annual subnational population change, such as the Treasury’s Insights tool, provide estimates of internal migration flows between TAs by using linked administrative data. Their approach identifies a set of decision rules for assigning location to individuals, based on a quality assessment of a wide range of address sources in the IDI (Where we come from, where we go). The TA location transitions provide the basis for deriving statistics of annual internal migration as demonstrated by the Insights tool. The data published with this report is the first series we’ve created by estimating all internal migration flows using a movement-based approach. From individuals’ unique address notification histories in key data sources, the paired origin and destination locations defined individuals’ movements. Traditionally, we combined change of address data from a range of administrative sources with other information on international migration to produce estimates of net migration for broad subnational areas. Now, we can derive direct estimates of movements from address histories from the anonymised unit record information of address notifications in the IDI. This gives a better understanding of people’s movements within New Zealand. Internal migration information is of great interest to local and central government, businesses, and communities. Churn and turnover of populations at local area level is one of the contributors of subnational population change, in both size and characteristics.

Read the full report here: https://www.stats.govt.nz/reports/internal-migration-estimates-using-linked-administrative-data-201417

This dataset presents the estimates of the internal migration statistics of Australia by Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA) following the 2011 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The dataset spans from the 2006-07 financial year up to the 2015-16 financial year.

Regional internal migration is the movement of people from one region to another within Australia (both interstate and intrastate). For example, it incorporates moves from a GCCSA to any other GCCSA within the country. Net regional internal migration is the net gain or loss of population through this movement.

The ABS has developed a new series of annual regional internal migration estimates (RIME) based on the 2011 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The Medicare and Defence data used for estimating interstate migration is now also used to estimate internal migration below the state/territory level. A similar method was used to prepare RIME at the LGA level, based on 2011 boundaries.

This data is Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data (catalogue number: 3412.0) used with permission from the ABS.

For more information please visit the ABS Explanatory Notes.

Please note: RIME are not directly comparable with estimated resident populations (ERPs) because of the different methods and source data used to prepare each series. The combination of natural increase and net migration (internal and overseas) therefore may not correspond with change in ERP. AURIN has spatially enabled the original data.

There were approximately ******* immigrants entering the Republic of Ireland in 2025, compared with ******* in the previous year. During the provided time period, the number of immigrants coming to Ireland peaked at ******* in 2007. Due to the departure of ****** people from Ireland in 2025, the net migration figure for this year was ******.

Population projection by scenario, year of age and local authority, for the 4 scenarios described in the project methodology for years 2017-2040. https://www.esri.ie/publications/regional-demographics-and-structural-housing-demand-at-a-county-level The 4 scenarios are: Baseline/Business as usual – based on medium term projections for the economy with an underlying assumption that net inwards migration would converge to 15,000 p.a. by 2024 and remain at that level throughout the projection horizon. 50:50 City – based on a similar outlook in terms of net inwards migration but whereby population growth is distributed in line with the objectives of the National Planning Framework (See National Policy Objectives 1a and 2a of https://npf.ie/wp-content/uploads/Project-Ireland-2040-NPF.pdf) High Migration – assumes that net inwards migration stays at an elevated level throughout the projection horizon (net inwards migration of 30,000 p.a) Low Migration - assumes that net inwards migration falls to net inwards migration of 5,000 by 2022 before converging back to the business as usual levels (i.e. net inwards migration of 15,000 p.a.) by 2027 and remaining at that level thereafter.