Of the G7 countries, Canada had the highest crude net migration rate most of the years between 2000 and 2022. In 2023, the net migration ratio of the average population in Canada reached ** per 1,000 inhabitants. On the other hand, the rate in Japan was *** per 1,000 inhabitants. Migration numbers were unusually low in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

According to estimates, South Sudan had the highest net migration rate in Africa as of 2023, at nearly ** per 1,000 inhabitants. This meant that, for 1,000 people in South Sudan, ** will immigrate to the country. The positive net immigration rate also indicated that the number of international migrants coming to South Sudan was higher than that of South Sudanese people leaving the nation. On the other hand, Eritrea had a net migration of minus **** per 1,000 inhabitants. The negative rate indicated a number of emigrants higher than that of immigrants.

Brazil net migration for 2023 was 6,000, a 6.61% decline from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Brazil net migration for 2022 was <strong>6,425</strong>, a <strong>68.47% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Brazil net migration for 2021 was <strong>20,376</strong>, a <strong>64.18% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Brazil net migration for 2020 was <strong>56,880</strong>, a <strong>17.79% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.

The United States had the ******* net migration levels of the G7 countries between 2000 and 2025. This is unsurprising as it is also the country with the highest population of the seven. Moreover, net migration to the United States decreased from 2016 onwards, following the beginning of the Trump administration. Germany's net migration peaked in 2015 and 2022 after a high number of refugees immigrated to the country, but has been decreasing since. In terms of net migration per 1,000 inhabitants, the U.S. had the highest ratio in 2025.

China net migration for 2024 was -318,992.00, a 43.81% decline from 2023.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>China net migration for 2023 was <strong>-567,724.00</strong>, a <strong>93.2% increase</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>China net migration for 2022 was <strong>-293,846.00</strong>, a <strong>22.62% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>China net migration for 2021 was <strong>-379,749.00</strong>, a <strong>314.68% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
</ul>Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.

United States US: Net Migration data was reported at 4,500,000.000 Person in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 4,500,000.000 Person for 2012. United States US: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 4,213,405.500 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,612,074.000 Person in 1997 and a record low of 1,549,465.000 Person in 1967. United States US: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

Mexico net migration for 2024 was -104,581.00, a 3.5% increase from 2023.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Mexico net migration for 2023 was <strong>-101,044.00</strong>, a <strong>6.82% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Mexico net migration for 2022 was <strong>-108,438.00</strong>, a <strong>11.69% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Mexico net migration for 2021 was <strong>-122,791.00</strong>, a <strong>16.73% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
</ul>Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.

Germany DE: Net Migration data was reported at 36,954.000 Person in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 609,553.000 Person for 2023. Germany DE: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 212,822.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2024, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,175,283.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of -754,469.000 Person in 1998. Germany DE: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Sum;

Sweden SE: Net Migration data was reported at 200,000.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 253,958.000 Person for 2012. Sweden SE: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 132,774.500 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 262,453.000 Person in 2007 and a record low of 18,798.000 Person in 1972. Sweden SE: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

Armenia recorded the highest crude rate of net migration among the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Over the course of 2023, the ratio of the difference between immigrants into and emigrants from the country reached 25 per 1,000 population.

Brazil BR: Net Migration data was reported at -225,510.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of -240,059.000 Person for 2023. Brazil BR: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging -66,600.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2024, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,666.000 Person in 1998 and a record low of -261,539.000 Person in 2010. Brazil BR: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Sum;

Historical chart and dataset showing Indonesia net migration by year from 1960 to 2024.

This scatter chart displays net migration (people) against birth rate (per 1,000 people). The data is about countries.

This scatter chart displays net migration (people) against birth rate (per 1,000 people) in Europe. The data is about countries.

Egypt EG: Net Migration data was reported at -275,000.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of -275,026.000 Person for 2012. Egypt EG: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging -275,013.000 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -50,100.000 Person in 1962 and a record low of -563,569.000 Person in 1977. Egypt EG: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

Lebanon net migration for 2024 was -17,267.00, a 49.5% decline from 2023.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Lebanon net migration for 2023 was <strong>-34,193.00</strong>, a <strong>24.31% increase</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Lebanon net migration for 2022 was <strong>-27,507.00</strong>, a <strong>0.8% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Lebanon net migration for 2021 was <strong>-27,290.00</strong>, a <strong>42.89% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
</ul>Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.

This statistic shows the net migration (difference of immigrants and emigrants) in South Asian countries between 2010 and 2015. In Bangladesh, there would be an decrease of about three people for every 1,000 inhabitants between 2010 to 2015 due to migration.

Historical chart and dataset showing Thailand net migration by year from 1960 to 2024.

This scatter chart displays net migration (people) against birth rate (per 1,000 people) in Central America. The data is about countries.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Migration (EQ4)

FULL MEASURE NAME Migration flows

LAST UPDATED December 2018

DESCRIPTION Migration refers to the movement of people from one location to another, typically crossing a county or regional boundary. Migration captures both voluntary relocation – for example, moving to another region for a better job or lower home prices – and involuntary relocation as a result of displacement. The dataset includes metropolitan area, regional, and county tables.

DATA SOURCE American Community Survey County-to-County Migration Flows 2012-2015 5-year rolling average http://www.census.gov/topics/population/migration/data/tables.All.html

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) Data for migration comes from the American Community Survey; county-to-county flow datasets experience a longer lag time than other standard datasets available in FactFinder. 5-year rolling average data was used for migration for all geographies, as the Census Bureau does not release 1-year annual data. Data is not available at any geography below the county level; note that flows that are relatively small on the county level are often within the margin of error. The metropolitan area comparison was performed for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area, in addition to the primary MSAs for the nine other major metropolitan areas, by aggregating county data based on current metropolitan area boundaries. Data prior to 2011 is not available on Vital Signs due to inconsistent Census formats and a lack of net migration statistics for prior years. Only counties with a non-negligible flow are shown in the data; all other pairs can be assumed to have zero migration.

Given that the vast majority of migration out of the region was to other counties in California, California counties were bundled into the following regions for simplicity: Bay Area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma Central Coast: Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Central Valley: Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, Tulare Los Angeles + Inland Empire: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura Sacramento: El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba San Diego: San Diego San Joaquin Valley: San Joaquin, Stanislaus Rural: all other counties (23)

One key limitation of the American Community Survey migration data is that it is not able to track emigration (movement of current U.S. residents to other countries). This is despite the fact that it is able to quantify immigration (movement of foreign residents to the U.S.), generally by continent of origin. Thus the Vital Signs analysis focuses primarily on net domestic migration, while still specifically citing in-migration flows from countries abroad based on data availability.