In 2022, around 57 percent of the world population had a mobile internet service. Regionally, North America featured the highest share of people connected to mobile internet services, with 85 percent of the population using such a connection. Meanwhile, Sub-Saharan Africa recorded the largest usage gap of any region, with this figure describing the share of the population who did not use a mobile internet service despite living in an area with mobile coverage.

As of February 2025, Northern Europe ranked first by the internet penetration rate, with over 97.9 percent of its population using the internet. Western Europe followed, with 95.1 percent. Overall, the global average internet penetration rate was roughly 67.9 percent. Global internet use The ongoing development of telecommunication networks and infrastructure has directly impacted internet penetration on a global scale. Thanks to advancing mobile technology and the continuous modernization of previously less-developed regions, the number of internet users worldwide has been on the rise in recent years, reaching 5.45 billion as of July 2024. In the world-wide-web, Google's Chrome still holds the largest market share for internet browsers, roughly 65.2 percent of the total market as of August 2024, followed by Apple's Safari at nearly 19 percent. Majority of global internet users are in Asia Asia has the most extensive internet user base – more than an estimated 2.9 billion internet users in this region alone – with East Asia accounting for most of this share. Despite this region's large volume of internet users, Asia is far from being a leader regarding online penetration. Eastern Asia, for instance, had an online penetration rate of 75.3 percent as of April 2023.

In 2019, 85 percent of households in Europe were reported to have internet access at home. Only 14.3 percent of households in Africa had the same level of connectivity. The at-home online connection rate of households in the Asia and Pacific region was 53.4 percent.

Cellular Network Connectivity Market Outlook

The global cellular network connectivity market size was valued at approximately USD 180 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 560 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 13.2% during the forecast period. This significant growth can be attributed to numerous factors, including the rapid adoption of advanced technologies, the proliferation of connected devices, and the increasing demand for high-speed internet services across various sectors.

One of the primary drivers of growth in the cellular network connectivity market is the continuous evolution and deployment of advanced cellular technologies, such as 5G. The transition from 4G to 5G is expected to revolutionize various industries by providing faster data speeds, lower latency, and enhanced connectivity. This technological advancement is anticipated to drive the demand for cellular network connectivity across multiple sectors, including healthcare, automotive, and smart cities. Moreover, the implementation of 5G networks is forecasted to create new business opportunities and revenue streams for service providers and technology vendors, further propelling market growth.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across various applications. IoT devices rely heavily on robust and reliable cellular network connectivity to function optimally. As the number of connected devices continues to rise, the demand for reliable and high-speed network connectivity is expected to grow exponentially. This surge in demand is likely to drive investments in network infrastructure and the development of new connectivity solutions, ultimately contributing to the expansion of the cellular network connectivity market.

Furthermore, the growing need for seamless communication and data transfer in various industries, such as healthcare, automotive, and industrial sectors, is expected to fuel market growth. For instance, in the healthcare sector, the increasing adoption of telemedicine and remote patient monitoring solutions necessitates reliable and high-speed network connectivity to ensure efficient and effective patient care. Similarly, the automotive industry is witnessing a surge in demand for connected vehicles, which require robust network connectivity for real-time data communication and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). These factors are anticipated to drive the growth of the cellular network connectivity market in the coming years.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region is expected to dominate the cellular network connectivity market during the forecast period, owing to the rapid advancements in technology and the increasing adoption of connected devices in countries like China, India, and Japan. Additionally, the presence of major technology companies and the significant investments in network infrastructure in this region are likely to contribute to market growth. North America and Europe are also expected to witness substantial growth, driven by the increasing demand for advanced network connectivity solutions and the continuous development of new technologies.

Technology Analysis

The technology segment of the cellular network connectivity market encompasses various generations of network technologies, including 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G. Each generation of network technology has brought significant improvements in terms of speed, capacity, and reliability, driving the demand for cellular network connectivity across various applications. The transition from 2G and 3G to 4G has already revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. However, the advent of 5G technology promises to bring even more transformative changes, with its ultra-fast data speeds, low latency, and enhanced connectivity capabilities.

2G and 3G technologies, although still in use in some regions, are gradually being phased out in favor of more advanced network technologies. These older technologies primarily cater to basic voice and text communication needs, and their usage is declining as consumers and businesses increasingly demand higher data speeds and better connectivity. However, in some developing regions, 2G and 3G networks continue to play a vital role in providing basic connectivity services to rural and underserved areas.

4G technology, with its significant improvements in data speeds and network capacit

This evaluation asks two overarching questions. Question 1 (Q1) asks “What are the population consequences of ecological connectivity across the MPA network?” This question considers connectivity in the ecological sense, as the process of demographic replacement in metapopulations. For the MPA network to be effective, the replacement capacity and resulting population persistence should be enhanced by the presence of the MPAs. Question 2 (Q2) asks "How does network design, habitat availability, and particle transport over different timescales contribute to environmental connectivity across the network?" This question focuses solely on the environmental factors affecting patterns of propagule abundance and transport across the network for several different habitats and propagule durations, and is not linked to particular species. Overall, these analyses provide strong evidence that California’s planning process created a network of ecologically connected MPAs and that this connectivity is enhancing the long-term resilience and persistence of the species examined in this study and those that occupy many of the habitats targeted for protection.

This layer shows computer ownership and type of internet subscription. This is shown by tract, county, and state boundaries. This service is updated annually to contain the most currently released American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. This layer is symbolized to show the percentage of households with no internet connection. To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Current Vintage: 2019-2023ACS Table(s): B28001, B28002 (Not all lines of ACS table B28002 are available in this feature layer)Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: December 12, 2024National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer is updated automatically when the most current vintage of ACS data is released each year, usually in December. The layer always contains the latest available ACS 5-year estimates. It is updated annually within days of the Census Bureau's release schedule. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases, specifically, the National Sub-State Geography Database (named tlgdb_(year)_a_us_substategeo.gdb). Boundaries are updated at the same time as the data updates (annually), and the boundary vintage appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines erased for cartographic and mapping purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2020 Areal Hydrography boundaries offered by TIGER. Water bodies and rivers which are 50 million square meters or larger (mid to large sized water bodies) are erased from the tract level boundaries, as well as additional important features. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 2023 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. These are erased to more accurately portray the coastlines and Great Lakes. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters).The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

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A collection of connectivity performance metrics including data usage, location mapping, uptime/downtime, wan quality, captured on a device-basis at each of 3 farms participating in the Grain Automate Project 1 - peer-to-peer learning through the development of autonomous working farms, for the month of April 2025.

This linkage network is designed to allow for local movements among individual preserves while supporting landscape-scale regional connectivity.Habitat connectivity is the most frequently recommended strategy to support adaptation to climate change, habitat fragmentation, and post-disturbance recolonizations. In southern California, conservation planning efforts have resulted in protected area networks to address widespread habitat fragmentation across the region. These plans are designed to protect biodiversity by establishing networks of core habitats. Connectivity is essential if these networks are to support the long-term goals of protecting biodiversity, particularly as species' ranges are likely to shift in response to climate change. These data have been created for the Southern California Region only.

This dataset is aggregated based on Data for Good at Meta Network Coverage Maps. The data is aggregated to Census Designated Places of affected areas by Hurricane Idalia (2023).Below is the description of major steps used to create this dataset by Meta. For more information, please refer to the detailed information from Data for Good at Meta.Step 1: Identify crisis areaWe only generate network coverage data for a defined crisis area. We then sample connectivity data within the crisis area from cellular towers that usually hold multiple antennas, each of which has a unique identifier (site).Step 2: Draw estimated coverage areaWe draw an estimated coverage area describing the locations of the devices that are accessing the site to obtain cellular connectivity.Step 3: Calculate coverage areas with uncertain coverageWe highlight areas in which we have observed no network traffic compared to the baseline.Step 4: Calculate likelihood of network outagesFor areas in which we have not observed network traffic, we estimate how likely it is that the cell site is nonoperational given the expected network traffic and the number of people estimated to be within its coverage area.

As of February 2025, India was the country with the largest offline population worldwide. The South Asian country had over 651 million people without internet connection. China ranked second, with around 311.9 million people not connected to the internet. Despite these large shares of the disconnected population in these countries, China and India ranked first and second, respectively, as countries with the highest number of internet users worldwide. Internet access in Africa In 2023, Africa lagged behind other global regions regarding internet penetration rate, as only 37 percent of the continent’s population accessed the web. In contrast, around 91 percent of Europe’s population were internet users. This is heavily influenced by the infrastructure development in the region. However, some improvements are forecasted, as by 2028, the internet penetration rate in Africa will be at an estimated 48.15 percent. Global internet access challenges: disruptions and restrictions Government internet shutdowns around the world are another challenge for internet access. Between 2015 and the first half of 2023, 172 local internet connection disruptions occurred due to protests globally. Moreover, according to a 2023report on internet freedom, almost four out of ten global internet users were deprived of essential freedoms on online platforms. In 2023, 76 new restrictions on internet usage were implemented worldwide. Asia led in imposing these restrictions, accounting for approximately 55 cases across various countries in the region.

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Industrial Internet Connectivity Tracker Market Outlook

The global Industrial Internet Connectivity Tracker market is projected to grow from USD 12.5 billion in 2023 to a robust USD 29.8 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.7% during the forecast period. This growth is largely attributed to the increasing demand for seamless connectivity solutions across various industrial verticals, as businesses aim to optimize operations through advanced Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The market size is consistently expanding due to the integration of smart technology in industrial processes, which is driving the necessity for advanced connectivity tracking systems that ensure efficient data transfer and monitoring.

A significant growth factor for the Industrial Internet Connectivity Tracker market is the rapid advancement of IoT technologies, which has inherently increased the need for effective connectivity solutions to manage the vast amounts of data generated by industrial machines and processes. The evolution of smart manufacturing, also known as Industry 4.0, is a pivotal driver, as industries are progressively integrating IoT devices to automate and enhance process efficiency. These trackers are essential in providing real-time data and analytics, enabling industries to identify inefficiencies and optimize production, thus driving significant market growth. Moreover, the adoption of cloud-based platforms that support IoT connectivity has streamlined operations, allowing for real-time remote monitoring and management.

The growing emphasis on operational efficiency and cost reduction in industries such as manufacturing, energy, and transportation is another core factor propelling the market's expansion. Industrial Internet Connectivity Trackers aid in the predictive maintenance of machinery, reducing downtime and operational costs by ensuring timely interventions before failures occur. This proactive approach not only improves operational efficiency but also extends the lifespan of industrial equipment, making these trackers indispensable in modern industrial settings. Additionally, the enhanced capabilities of connectivity solutions, such as real-time monitoring and fault detection, have become critical components for businesses aiming to maintain a competitive edge in their respective fields.

Furthermore, the increasing government initiatives and investments in smart infrastructure development have significantly contributed to the market's growth. Government programs focused on smart city projects and digitalization of industries are fostering an environment ripe for the adoption of IoT technologies and connectivity solutions. Such initiatives not only provide a conducive policy framework for market growth but also open up opportunities for vendors to design and implement advanced connectivity tracking systems that meet the stringent requirements of modern industrial applications. As public and private sectors align towards digital transformation, the demand for comprehensive connectivity solutions is poised to rise, thereby fueling the market's expansion.

From a regional perspective, North America is currently the largest market for Industrial Internet Connectivity Trackers, supported by the strong presence of key market players and early adoption of advanced technologies across various sectors. This region is followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific, where growing industrialization and government support for technological adoption are driving significant market growth. The Asia Pacific region is set to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, attributed to rapid industrialization in countries like China and India, increasing adoption of IoT technologies, and continuous advancements in connectivity infrastructure.

Component Analysis

The Industrial Internet Connectivity Tracker market is segmented by components into hardware, software, and services, each playing a crucial role in the development and deployment of comprehensive connectivity solutions. Hardware components include devices such as sensors, gateways, and networking equipment that are essential for establishing and maintaining connectivity in industrial environments. As industries continue to embrace digital transformation, the demand for robust and reliable hardware solutions has surged, driving manufacturers to innovate and produce components that can withstand harsh industrial settings while providing seamless connectivity.

Software components constitute another vital segment, as they provide the necessary platforms and applications fo

An MRI data set that demonstrates the utility of a mega-analytic approach by identifying the effects of age and gender on the resting-state networks (RSNs) of 603 healthy adolescents and adults (mean age: 23.4 years, range: 12-71 years). Data were collected on the same scanner, preprocessed using an automated analysis pipeline based in SPM, and studied using group independent component analysis. RSNs were identified and evaluated in terms of three primary outcome measures: time course spectral power, spatial map intensity, and functional network connectivity. Results revealed robust effects of age on all three outcome measures, largely indicating decreases in network coherence and connectivity with increasing age. Gender effects were of smaller magnitude but suggested stronger intra-network connectivity in females and more inter-network connectivity in males, particularly with regard to sensorimotor networks. These findings, along with the analysis approach and statistical framework described, provide a useful baseline for future investigations of brain networks in health and disease.

Explore Internet of Things Connectivity Market Regional Demand with our comprehensive analysis. Get insights on North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and other key regions. Access country-level market data and understand market dynamics and growth potential across different regions.

DATASET #1

Power measured for the six resting state networks (DMN, DAN, VAN, LN, SMN, VN) and frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) of each participant.

DATASET #2

Intra-network and inter-network connectivity measured for the six resting state networks (DMN, DAN, VAN, LN, SMN, VN) and frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) of each participant.

Urbanization has reduced river network connectivity, posing a great threat to water security. However, the mechanism through which changes in river network connectivity impact water security remains uncertain. River network connectivity and water security have been separately and thoroughly assessed by several researchers; however, few studies conducted a coupled assessment of these two aspects together, which may shed light on this mechanism. Based on assessment indicators developed in previous studies and key influence factors identified in the study area, this study proposed a comprehensive evaluation method to continually evaluate the adaptability between river network connectivity and water security in the Wuchengxiyu region, a highly urbanized area in Eastern China. The continuous evaluation was conducted for the period 2010–2019 based on the coupling coordination degree calculation formula. The results show that from 2010 to 2015, the coupling coordination degree between river network connectivity and water security followed a downward trend, due to the uncoordinated development between water systems and urbanization. After 2015, an increasing trend was observed with the implementation of environmental policies. In the past decade, the water surface rate and the coverage rate of suitable flow velocity decreased from 4.59% to 4.28% and from 54.1% to 30.9%, respectively, which may have negative effects on water quality and limit the improvement of regional flood control capacity. Moreover, the evaluation results also prove that policies such as the Ecological River–Lake Construction and the River Chief System have contributed to improve the quality of the water environment and regional flood control. The proposed assessment framework can be used as a guidance to evaluate the relationship between water network connectivity and water security; moreover, it provides new ideas for water network system protection and water quality maintenance in similar highly urbanized areas.

The global cellular network connectivity market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of smartphones, IoT devices, and the expansion of 5G networks. The market, estimated at $500 billion in 2025, is projected to achieve a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $1.2 trillion by 2033. Key drivers include the proliferation of smart devices across various sectors – industrial automation, medical applications (telemedicine, remote patient monitoring), consumer electronics, and geological exploration. The transition to higher-bandwidth technologies like 5G and the development of private 5G networks for industrial applications are significant contributors to market expansion. Segment-wise, the industrial application segment currently holds the largest market share, fueled by increasing demand for automation and real-time data connectivity in manufacturing and logistics. However, the medical and consumer electronics segments are expected to witness rapid growth in the forecast period due to rising demand for connected healthcare solutions and sophisticated consumer devices. While technological advancements and increased investments are driving growth, market restraints include concerns about data security and privacy, as well as the high initial investment costs associated with implementing advanced cellular network infrastructure. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established technology giants like Qualcomm, Intel, and Texas Instruments, alongside specialized cellular module manufacturers like Murata and Nordic Semiconductor. These companies are continuously innovating to improve network efficiency, reduce power consumption, and enhance security features in their cellular modules. Geographical distribution reveals a significant concentration in North America and Asia Pacific regions, due to high levels of technological advancement, significant consumer electronics manufacturing bases, and robust telecom infrastructure. Europe and other regions are expected to show substantial growth as 5G infrastructure deployments gain momentum. Future market growth hinges on overcoming challenges related to spectrum allocation, standardization across various network technologies, and regulatory hurdles in specific regions. Further development of low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) for IoT applications will play a key role in shaping the market’s trajectory.

RSOS160494_Python_CodePython scripts for the particle tracking model and data processing.

The size and share of this market is categorized based on Application (Network connectivity, Internet access, Data transfer, Computer networking) and Product (Ethernet cards, Wireless LAN cards, USB LAN adapters, PCI LAN cards, Network interface cards (NICs)) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle-East and Africa).