Northeastern United States Town Boundary data are intended for geographic display of state, county and town (municipal) boundaries at statewide and regional levels. Use it to map and label towns on a map. These data are derived from Northeastern United States Political Boundary Master layer. This information should be displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:24,000-scale data. The State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP) assembled this regional data layer using data from other states in order to create a single, seamless representation of political boundaries within the vicinity of Connecticut that could be easily incorporated into mapping applications as background information. More accurate and up-to-date information may be available from individual State government Geographic Information System (GIS) offices. Not intended for maps printed at map scales greater or more detailed than 1:24,000 scale (1 inch = 2,000 feet.)

Combined New England City and Town Areas; 2020 Census - January 1, 2020 vintage

This datalayer is part of a group of layers used for research in the Ipswich River Watershed. This layer includes the area within each town in the Ipswich River Watershed in vector form. This map contains complete information and was derived from the ip30_noinfo_towns layer. To show area within the towns the make up the Ipswich River Watershed study area.

Background and Data Limitations The Massachusetts 1830 map series represents a unique data source that depicts land cover and cultural features during the historical period of widespread land clearing for agricultural. To our knowledge, Massachusetts is the only state in the US where detailed land cover information was comprehensively mapped at such an early date. As a result, these maps provide unusual insight into land cover and cultural patterns in 19th century New England. However, as with any historical data, the limitations and appropriate uses of these data must be recognized: (1) These maps were originally developed by many different surveyors across the state, with varying levels of effort and accuracy. (2) It is apparent that original mapping did not follow consistent surveying or drafting protocols; for instance, no consistent minimum mapping unit was identified or used by different surveyors; as a result, whereas some maps depict only large forest blocks, others also depict small wooded areas, suggesting that numerous smaller woodlands may have gone unmapped in many towns. Surveyors also were apparently not consistent in what they mapped as ‘woodlands’: comparison with independently collected tax valuation data from the same time period indicates substantial lack of consistency among towns in the relative amounts of ‘woodlands’, ‘unimproved’ lands, and ‘unimproveable’ lands that were mapped as ‘woodlands’ on the 1830 maps. In some instances, the lack of consistent mapping protocols resulted in substantially different patterns of forest cover being depicted on maps from adjoining towns that may in fact have had relatively similar forest patterns or in woodlands that ‘end’ at a town boundary. (3) The degree to which these maps represent approximations of ‘primary’ woodlands (i.e., areas that were never cleared for agriculture during the historical period, but were generally logged for wood products) varies considerably from town to town, depending on whether agricultural land clearing peaked prior to, during, or substantially after 1830. (4) Despite our efforts to accurately geo-reference and digitize these maps, a variety of additional sources of error were introduced in converting the mapped information to electronic data files (see detailed methods below). Thus, we urge considerable caution in interpreting these maps. Despite these limitations, the 1830 maps present an incredible wealth of information about land cover patterns and cultural features during the early 19th century, a period that continues to exert strong influence on the natural and cultural landscapes of the region.

    Acknowledgements
    Financial support for this project was provided by the BioMap Project of the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, the National Science Foundation, and the Andrew Mellon Foundation. This project is a contribution of the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research Program.

How would you define the boundaries of a town or city in England and Wales in 2016? Maybe your definition would be based on its population size, geographic extent or where the industry and services are located. This was a question the ONS had to consider when creating a new statistical geography called Towns and Cities. In reality, the ability to delimit the boundaries of a city or town is difficult! Major Towns and Cities The new statistical geography, Towns and Cities has been created based on population size and the extent of the built environment. It contains 112 towns and cities in England and Wales, where the residential and/or workday population > 75,000 people at the 2011 Census. It has been constructed using the existing Built-Up Area boundary set produced by Ordnance Survey in 2011. This swipe map shows where the towns and cities and built-up areas are different. Just swipe the bar from left to right. The blue polygons are the towns and cities and the purple polygons are the built-up areas.

Census Current (2022) Legal and Statistical Entities Web Map Service; January 1, 2022 vintage.

Incorporated Places are those reported to the Census Bureau as legally in existence as of the latest Boundary and Annexation Survey (BAS), under the laws of their respective states. An incorporated place is established to provide governmental functions for a concentration of people as opposed to a minor civil division, which generally is created to provide services or administer an area without regard, necessarily, to population. Places always are within a single state or equivalent entity, but may extend across county and county subdivision boundaries. An incorporated place usually is a city, town, village, or borough but can have other legal descriptions. For Census Bureau data tabulation and presentation purposes, incorporated places exclude:

1) The boroughs in Alaska (treated as statistical equivalents of counties).

2) Towns in the New England states, New York, and Wisconsin (treated as MCDs).

3) The boroughs in New York (treated as MCDs).

🇬🇧 영국 English How would you define the boundaries of a town or city in England and Wales in 2016? Maybe your definition would be based on its population size, geographic extent or where the industry and services are located. This was a question the ONS had to consider when creating a new statistical geography called Towns and Cities. In reality, the ability to delimit the boundaries of a city or town is difficult! Major Towns and Cities The new statistical geography, Towns and Cities has been created based on population size and the extent of the built environment. It contains 112 towns and cities in England and Wales, where the residential and/or workday population > 75,000 people at the 2011 Census. It has been constructed using the existing Built-Up Area boundary set produced by Ordnance Survey in 2011. This swipe map shows where the towns and cities and built-up areas are different. Just swipe the bar from left to right. The blue polygons are the towns and cities and the purple polygons are the built-up areas.

The 2020 TIGER/Line Shapefiles contain current geographic extent and boundaries of both legal and statistical entities (which have no governmental standing) for the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Island areas. This vintage includes boundaries of governmental units that match the data from the surveys that use 2020 geography (e.g., 2020 Population Estimates and the 2020 American Community Survey). In addition to geographic boundaries, the 2020 TIGER/Line Shapefiles also include geographic feature shapefiles and relationship files. Feature shapefiles represent the point, line and polygon features in the MTDB (e.g., roads and rivers). Relationship files contain additional attribute information users can join to the shapefiles. Both the feature shapefiles and relationship files reflect updates made in the database through September 2020. To see how the geographic entities, relate to one another, please see our geographic hierarchy diagrams here.2020 TIGER/Line and Redistricting shapefiles:https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.2020.htmlTechnical documentation:https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/data/tiger/tgrshp2020/TGRSHP2020_TechDoc.pdfThe legal entities included in these shapefiles are:American Indian Off-Reservation Trust LandsAmerican Indian Reservations – FederalAmerican Indian Reservations – StateAmerican Indian Tribal Subdivisions (within legal American Indian areas)Alaska Native Regional CorporationsCongressional Districts – 116th CongressConsolidated CitiesCounties and Equivalent Entities (except census areas in Alaska)Estates (US Virgin Islands only)Hawaiian Home LandsIncorporated PlacesMinor Civil DivisionsSchool Districts – ElementarySchool Districts – SecondarySchool Districts – UnifiedStates and Equivalent EntitiesState Legislative Districts – UpperState Legislative Districts – LowerSubminor Civil Divisions (Subbarrios in Puerto Rico)The statistical entities included in these shapefiles are:Alaska Native Village Statistical AreasAmerican Indian/Alaska Native Statistical AreasAmerican Indian Tribal Subdivisions (within Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Areas)Block Groups3-5Census AreasCensus BlocksCensus County Divisions (Census Subareas in Alaska)Unorganized Territories (statistical county subdivisions)Census Designated Places (CDPs)Census TractsCombined New England City and Town AreasCombined Statistical AreasMetropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and related statistical areasMetropolitan DivisionsNew England City and Town AreasNew England City and Town Area DivisionsOklahoma Tribal Statistical AreasPublic Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs)State Designated Tribal Statistical AreasTribal Designated Statistical AreasUrban AreasZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs)Shapefiles - Features:Address Range-FeatureAll Lines (called Edges)All RoadsArea HydrographyArea LandmarkCoastlineLinear HydrographyMilitary InstallationPoint LandmarkPrimary RoadsPrimary and Secondary RoadsTopological Faces (polygons with all geocodes)Relationship Files:Address Range-Feature NameAddress RangesFeature NamesTopological Faces – Area LandmarkTopological Faces – Area HydrographyTopological Faces – Military Installations

Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Related Statistical Areas: Combined New England City and Town Areas, New England City and Town Area Divisions, Metropolitan NECTAs, Micropolitan NECTAs, Combined Statistical Areas, Metropolitan Divisions, Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas

Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical AreasPursuant to 44 U.S.C. § 3504(e)(3), 31 U.S.C. § 1104(d), and Executive Order No. 10,253 (June 11, 1951), 0MB delineates Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Metropolitan Divisions, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, Combined Statistical Areas, and New England City and Town Areas for use in Federal statistical activities. 0MB issues periodic updates of the areas between decennial censuses based on Census Bureau data. Metropolitan Statistical Areas have at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.This layer is used in the map(s): Latest City Boundaries (TIGER)

This Feature Class was created in 2014 as a part of the State of Connecticut’s Policy Intergovernmental Policy Division grant to the Southern Connecticut Regional Council of Governments for the Regional Web-Based GIS program.The development of the parcel layer was started in 1998-1999 by East Coast Mapping of New Hampshire. East Coast created CAD Drawings for the Town of Wallingford generated through the digitization of Town of Wallingford’s Tax Maps. By use of stereoscopic techniques East Coast created a seamless parcel base from a 2000 aerial flight’s orthophoto’s (1x600ft scale). The CAD files and base were then given to the Wallingford’s Town Engineer who maintained the base. New England Geosystems of Middletown, CT received the CAD files from Wallingford in 2014 and converted the files to GIS format to create the parcel layer. Last Updated: April 2019

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A new mapp of the city of London c. : with the many additionall buildings and new streets anno 1723 in a playne. It was printed and sold by Thomas Taylor at the Golden Lyon in Fleet Street, 1723. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map was georeferenced as part of the Authorial London project, an application which allows users to visualize the spatial overlap of varios authors who lived in and traveled through London over the last 600 years.

Incorporated PlacesThis feature layer, utilizing National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) data from the U.S. Census Bureau, displays Incorporated Places (legal entities). Per USCB, "The legal designations, powers, and functions of incorporated places vary from state to state. Incorporated places include cities, towns (except in New England, New York, and Wisconsin where the Census Bureau recognizes towns as MCDs for census purposes), boroughs (except in Alaska, where the Census Bureau recognizes boroughs as equivalents of counties, and New York, where the Census Bureau recognizes the five boroughs that constitute New York City as MCDs), villages, and other lesser known identifiers."Trenton, New JerseyData currency: This cached Esri federal service is checked weekly for updates from its enterprise federal source (Incorporated Places) and will support mapping, analysis, data exports and OGC API – Feature access.NGDAID: 88 (Series Information for Census Tract State-based TIGER/Line Shapefiles, Current)OGC API Features Link: (Incorporated Places) copy this link to embed it in OGC Compliant viewersFor more information, please visit: Series Information for Place State-based TIGER/Line Shapefiles, CurrentFor feedback please contact: Esri_US_Federal_Data@esri.comNGDA Data SetThis data set is part of the NGDA Governmental Units, and Administrative and Statistical Boundaries Theme Community. Per the Federal Geospatial Data Committee (FGDC), this theme is defined as the "boundaries that delineate geographic areas for uses such as governance and the general provision of services (e.g., states, American Indian reservations, counties, cities, towns, etc.), administration and/or for a specific purpose (e.g., congressional districts, school districts, fire districts, Alaska Native Regional Corporations, etc.), and/or provision of statistical data (census tracts, census blocks, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, etc.). Boundaries for these various types of geographic areas are either defined through a documented legal description or through criteria and guidelines. Other boundaries may include international limits, those of federal land ownership, the extent of administrative regions for various federal agencies, as well as the jurisdictional offshore limits of U.S. sovereignty. Boundaries associated solely with natural resources and/or cultural entities are excluded from this theme and are included in the appropriate subject themes."For other NGDA Content: Esri Federal Datasets

Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Related Statistical Areas: Combined New England City and Town Areas, New England City and Town Area Divisions, Metropolitan NECTAs, Micropolitan NECTAs, Combined Statistical Areas, Metropolitan Divisions, Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas

The COVID-19 dashboard includes data on city/town COVID-19 activity, confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19, confirmed and probable deaths related to COVID-19, and the demographic characteristics of cases and deaths.

This is the ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD) for the United Kingdom as at February 2024 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. This file contains the multi CSVs so that postcode areas can be opened in MS Excel. To download the zip file click the Download button. The ONSPD relates both current and terminated postcodes in the United Kingdom to a range of current statutory administrative, electoral, health and other area geographies. It also links postcodes to pre-2002 health areas, 1991 Census enumeration districts for England and Wales, 2001 Census Output Areas (OA) and Super Output Areas (SOA) for England and Wales, 2001 Census OAs and SOAs for Northern Ireland and 2001 Census OAs and Data Zones (DZ) for Scotland. It now contains 2021 Census OAs and SOAs for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It helps support the production of area-based statistics from postcoded data. The ONSPD is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The ONSPD is issued quarterly. (File size - 231 MB) Please note that this product contains Royal Mail, Gridlink, LPS (Northern Ireland), Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

This Feature Class was created in 2014 as a part of the State of Connecticut’s Policy Intergovernmental Policy Division grant to the Southern Connecticut Regional Council of Governments for the Regional Web-Based GIS program.The development of the parcel layer was started in 1998-1999 by East Coast Mapping of New Hampshire. East Coast created CAD Drawings for the Town of Wallingford generated through the digitization of Town of Wallingford’s Tax Maps. By use of stereoscopic techniques East Coast created a seamless parcel base from a 2000 aerial flight’s orthophoto’s (1x600ft scale). The CAD files and base were then given to the Wallingford’s Town Engineer who maintained the base. New England Geosystems of Middletown, CT received the CAD files from Wallingford in 2014 and converted the files to GIS format to create the parcel layer.

Living England is a multi-year project which delivers a broad habitat map for the whole of England, created using satellite imagery, field data records and other geospatial data in a machine learning framework. The Living England habitat map shows the extent and distribution of broad habitats across England aligned to the UKBAP classification, providing a valuable insight into our natural capital assets and helping to inform land management decisions. Living England is a project within Natural England, funded by and supports the Defra Natural Capital and Ecosystem Assessment (NCEA) Programme and Environmental Land Management (ELM) Schemes to provide an openly available national map of broad habitats across England.This dataset includes very complex geometry with a large number of features so it has a default viewing distance set to 1:80,000 (City in the map viewer).Process Description:A number of data layers are used to develop a ground dataset of habitat reference data, which are then used to inform a machine-learning model and spatial analyses to generate a map of the likely locations and distributions of habitats across England. The main source data layers underpinning the spatial framework and models are Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 satellite data from the ESA Copernicus programme, Lidar from the EA's national Lidar Programme and collected data through the project's national survey programme. Additional datasets informing the approach as detailed below and outlined in the accompanying technical user guide.Datasets used:OS MasterMap® Topography Layer; Geology aka BGS Bedrock Mapping 1:50k; Long Term Monitoring Network; Uplands Inventory; Coastal Dune Geomatics Mapping Ground Truthing; Crop Map of England (RPA) CROME; Lowland Heathland Survey; National Grassland Survey; National Plant Monitoring Scheme; NE field Unit Surveys; Northumberland Border Mires Survey; Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery; Sentinel-1 backscatter imagery; Sentinel-1 single look complex (SLC) imagery; National forest inventory (NFI); Cranfield NATMAP; Agri-Environment HLS Monitoring; Living England desktop validation; Priority Habitat Inventory; Space2 Eye Lens: Ainsdale NNR, State of the Bog Bowland Survey, State of the Bog Dark Peak Condition Survey, State of the Bog Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) Mountain Hare Habitat Survey Dark Peak, State of the Bog; Moors for the Future Dark Peak Survey; West Pennines Designation NVC Survey; Wetland Annex 1 inventory; Soils-BGS Soil Parent Material; Met Office HadUK gridded climate product; Saltmarsh Extent and Zonation; EA LiDAR DSM & DTM; New Forest Mires Wetland Survey; New Forest Mires Wetland Survey; West Cumbria Mires Survey; England Peat Map Vegetation Surveys; NE protected sites monitoring; ERA5; OS Open Built-up Areas; OS Boundaries dataset; EA IHM (Integrated height model) DTM; OS VectorMap District; EA Coastal Flood Boundary: Extreme Sea Levels; AIMS Spatial Sea Defences; LIDAR Sand Dunes 2022; EA Coastal saltmarsh species surveys; Aerial Photography GB (APGB); NASA SRT (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) M30; Provisional Agricultural Land Classification; Renewable Energy Planning Database (REPD); Open Street Map 2024.Attribute descriptions: Column Heading Full Name Format Description

SegID SegID Character (100) Unique Living England segment identifier. Format is LEZZZZ_BGZXX_YYYYYYY where Z = release year (2223 for this version), X = BGZ and Y = Unique 7-digit number

Prmry_H Primary_Habitat Date Primary Living England Habitat

Relblty Reliability
Character (12) Reliability Metric Score

Mdl_Hbs Model_Habs Interger List of likely habitats output by the Random Forest model.

Mdl_Prb Model_Probs Double (6,2) List of probabilities for habitats listed in ‘Model_Habs’, calculated by the Random Forest model.

Mixd_Sg Mixed_Segment Character (50) Indication of the likelihood a segment contains a mixture of dominant habitats. Either Unlikely or Probable.

Source Source

Description of how the habitat classification was derived. Options are: Random Forest; Vector OSMM Urban; Vector Classified OS Water; Vector EA saltmarsh; LE saltmarsh & QA; Vector RPA Crome, ALC grades 1-4; Vector LE Bare Ground Analysis; LE QA Adjusted

SorcRsn Source_Reason

Reasoning for habitat class adjustment if ‘Source’ equals ‘LE QA Adjusted’

Shap_Ar Shape_Area

Segment area (m2) Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

The 2020 Census Redistricting Summary File contains several hundred data fields spread over six different file segments. To facilitate access to more popular variables, the Tennessee State Data Center compiled a “QuickStat” reports detailing population, race/ethnicity and housing information. These fields are combined with geographic fields from the 2020 TIGER/Line Shapefiles for use with mapping software.Field names, descriptions and types selected from the two sources are detailed below.

      Field Name
      Alias
      Data Type
      Length


      OBJECTID

      Object ID



      Shape

      Geometry



      STATEFP
      State FIPS code
      Text
      2


      PLACEFP
      Place FIPS code
      Text
      5


      PLACENS
      Place GNIS code
      Text
      8


      GEOID
      Geographic identifier
      Text
      7


      NAME
      Name
      Text
      100


      NAMELSAD
      Legal/statistical area description
      Text
      100


      LSAD
      Legal/statistical area description code
      Text
      2


      CLASSFP
      FIPS class code
      Text
      2


      PCICBSA
      Metropolitan or micropolitan statistical area principal city indicator
      Text
      1


      PCINECTA
      New England city and town area principal city indicator
      Text
      1


      MTFCC
      MAF/TIGER feature class code
      Text
      5


      FUNCSTAT
      Functional status
      Text
      1


      ALAND
      Land area
      Long



      AWATER
      Water area
      Long



      INTPTLAT
      Latitude of the internal point
      Text
      11


      INTPTLON
      Longitude of the internal point
      Text
      12


      SUMLEV
      Summary Level
      Text
      3


      LOGRECNO
      Logical Record Number
      Long



      P0010001
      Total population
      Long



      P0010002
      Population of one race
      Long



      P0010003
      White alone
      Long



      P0010004
      Black or African American alone
      Long



      P0010005
      American Indian and Alaska Native alone
      Long



      P0010006
      Asian alone
      Long



      P0010007
      Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone
      Long



      P0010008
      Some Other Race alone
      Long



      P0010009
      Population of two or more races:
      Long



      P0020002
      Hispanic or Latino
      Long



      P0020003
      Not Hispanic or Latino:
      Long



      P0020004
      Population of one race (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0020005
      White alone (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0020006
      Black or African American alone (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0020007
      American Indian and Alaska Native alone (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0020008
      Asian alone (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0020009
      Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0020010
      Some Other Race alone (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0020011
      Population of two or more races (Not Hispanic or Latino)
      Long



      P0030001
      Total population 18 years and over
      Long



      H0010001
      Total housing units
      Long



      H0010002
      Occupied housing units
      Long



      H0010003
      Vacant housing units
      Long



      P0050001
      Total population in group quarters
      Long



      P0050002
      Institutionalized population
      Long



      P0050003
      Correctional facilities for adults
      Long



      P0050004
      Juvenile facilities
      Long



      P0050005
      Nursing facilities/Skilled-nursing facilities
      Long



      P0050006
      Other institutional facilities
      Long



      P0050007
      Noninstitutionalized population
      Long



      P0050008
      College/University student housing
      Long



      P0050009
      Military quarters
      Long



      P0050010
      Other noninstitutional facilities
      Double



      Shape_Length

      Double



      Shape_Area

      Double