The New Mexico Oil Conservation Division maintains information on oil and gas wells. However, no information regarding the water usage associated with hydraulic fracturing is reported and maintained. This dataset is the result of combining well information from the NMOCD and water volume information from the FracFocus dataset. Hydraulic fracturing for each well was assumed to correlate to the NMOCD well construction finished date. The water volume assigned for hydraulic fracturing of NMOCD wells was obtained by averaging FracFocus wells by county and year and assigning those values to the NMOCD wells based on year the well was completed and county the well is located.

Point features representing the surface drilling location of energy production wells (oil, gas, CO2), including injection and salt water disposal wells in New Mexico. A well point is added to this database when an Application Permit to Drill (APD) is submitted and approved. Not all wells in this dataset are active; refer to the well status attribute to determine the current status of the well. The Oil Conservation Division (OCD) maintains well locations throughout the State of New Mexico. Well locations are based on information contained on Form C-102 (Well Location and Acreage Dedication Plat) and submitted to OCD and should be considered approximate.

This database contains spatial data on the location, number, size and extent of energy-related surface disturbances within the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Carlsbad Field Office (CFO) administrative area. The BLM administers over 2 million acres of surface estate and 3 million acres of mineral estate in the southeastern portion of New Mexico. The BLM requires a thorough and comprehensive reasonable foreseeable development (RFD) scenario which quantifies the current and future potential of oil and gas resources and the necessary water use associated with those activities. The database includes: 1) polygons of oil and gas pads generated from automated and manual classification of aerial imagery, 2) polylines of roads derived from the U.S. Census Bureau (2020) TIGER/Line Shapefile, supplemented with additional oil and gas access roads digitized from aerial imagery, 3) point locations of active and abandoned oil and gas wells in the CFO area accessed from NM Oil Conservation Division (OCD) geodata portal, and 4) a set of relationship classes that link the pad polygons to the well points (and all associated well attributes) based on unique identifiers. Pad polygons and road segments are attributed with a "spud year" date based on spud information from the nearest well point. Spudding is the process of beginning to drill a well in the oil and gas industry, and the spud year is a close approximation of when the access roads and pads were cleared for development. The spud year information can be used to develop a chronology of oil and gas surface disturbances across the study region.

The purpose of this data release is to provide data in support of the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) Reasonably Foreseeable Development (RFD) Scenario by estimating water-use associated with oil and gas extraction methods within the BLM Carlsbad Field Office (CFO) planning area, located in Eddy and Lea Counties as well as part of Chaves County, New Mexico. Three comma separated value files and two python scripts are included in this data release. It was determined that all reported oil and gas wells within Chaves County from the FracFocus and New Mexico Oil Conservation Division (NM OCD) databases were outside of the CFO administration area and were excluded from well_records.csv and modeled_estimates.csv. Data from Chaves County are included in the produced_water.csv file to be consistent with the BLM’s water support document. Data were synthesized into comma separated values which include, produced_water.csv (volume) from NM OCD, well_records.csv (including location and completion) from NM OCD and FracFocus, and modeled_estimates.csv (using FracFocus as well as Ball and others (2020) as input data). The results from modeled_estimates.csv were obtained using a previously published regression model (McShane and McDowell, 2021) to estimate water use associated with unconventional oil and gas activities in the Permian Basin (Valder and others, 2021) for the period of interest (2010-2021). Additionally, python scripts to process, clean, and categorize FracFocus data are provided in this data release.

This feature class/shapefile represents Oil and Natural Gas Wells. An Oil and Natural Gas Well is a hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of finding or producing crude oil or natural gas; or producing services related to the production of crude or natural gas. Geographic coverage includes the United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming) as well Oil and Natural Gas wells in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Manitoba that are within 100 miles of the country's border with the United States. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) the following states do not have active/producing Oil or Natural Gas Wells: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Some states do have wells for underground Natural Gas storage facilities where these have been identified they were included. This layer is derived from well data from individual states and provinces and United States Agencies. This layer is complete for the United States but further development of data missing from two Canadian provinces and Mexico is in process. This update release includes an additional 497,036 wells covering Texas. Oil and gas exploration in Texas takes advantage of drilling technology to use a single surface well drilling location to drill multiple bottom hole well connections to extract oil and gas. The addition of Well data from Texas results in the addition of a related table to support this one surface well to many bottom hole connections. This related table provides records for Wells that have more than one bottom hole linked to the surface well.

These data were compiled to support a study of how environmental setting affects the success of well pad reclamation within the region managed by the Bureau of Land Management, Carlsbad Field Office in southeastern New Mexico, USA. The data were collected in 2022 and 2023 and represent vegetation, soil, and climate conditions at 70 reclaimed well pads from 4 to 24 years after the wells were plugged and reclaimed. The data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, Research Station, using field observations and some remotely sensed or mapped products (gridded climate and soil property maps). The data can be used to represent the environmental condition of the well pads at the time of collection, the elapsed time between when wells were plugged (a proxy for the start of the reclamation process) and when data were collected, and the climate at each well pad as represented by the global aridity index. For some data, samples were taken both on well pads and adjacent to them in relatively undisturbed areas and so may be used to compare the condition of pads with adjacent reference conditions.

This data release contains spatial data on the location, number, size and extent of energy-related surface disturbances on the Colorado Plateau of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico as of 2016. The database includes: 1) polygons of oil and gas pads generated from automated and manual classification of aerial imagery, and 2) polylines of roads derived from the U.S. Census Bureau TIGER/Line Shapefile, supplemented with additional oil and gas access roads digitized from aerial imagery. Pad polygons and road segments are attributed with a "spud year" date based on spud information from the nearest well point. Spudding is the process of beginning to drill a well in the oil and gas industry, and the spud year is a close approximation of when the access roads and pads were cleared for development. The spud year information can be used to develop a chronology of oil and gas surface disturbances across the study region. The remote sensing-based pad mapping captures bright soil of disturbed areas on active pads (not reclaimed areas or other features), and is likely an underestimate of the actual pad size in many areas. The remote sensing mapping methods may also capture areas of bright soils that are not part of a pad, especially in locations surrounded by very bright desert soils.

A complete set of wells associated with oil, natural gas, and coal bed natural gas development in the western states as of June 2004. This is a static dataset even though liquid energy development is a highly dynamic endeavor. Because these well location datasets are generally housed and managed by various state-based agencies (typically the state Oil and Gas Conservation Commissions) a uniform, spatially precise coverage for the western United States has not been available to date. This layer consolidates the best available well location data from ND, SD, MT, WY, CO, NM, UT, AZ, OR, and CA (ID and WA do not report any liquid energy development) and standardizes the attributites. While static as of June 2004 the well status field (SUM_STATUS) identifies 'pending' wells planned at some future data. Also, the user is cautioned that this layer only contains known and reported wells and may not represent 100% of the wells actually on the ground.

New Mexico has a rich legacy of petroleum and mineral exploration and production, most of which has involved subsurface investigations. Hundreds of thousands of holes have been drilled into the subsurface, some to depths of 20,000 feet or more. Considerable data have been collected from these wells in the form of electrical or geophysical logs, cuttings, and rock cores. These materials contain a rich lode of information about the kinds of rocks that lie below the surface, how porous and permeable they are, and even what types of fluids they contain.

Part of the Mission of New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources is to serve as a repository for these kinds of data. Data in our collections have been acquired from wells drilled throughout the state over the last 90 years. We currently have more than 15 million pieces of unique subsurface data in our collections, much of it stored in seven steel storage buildings on campus.

Core - 20,000+ boxes (oil & gas and mining) from 4,000+ wells Cuttings - 51,0000+ boxes from 16,600+ wells Geophysical Logs (some with mudlogs)- 50,000+ wells Porosity and Permeability Analyses Petroleum Source Rock Analyses Well records - 100,000+ wells Drillers logs - 17,000+ wells Sample descriptions and sample logs - 4,300+ wells Historic petroleum exploration maps with well locations in 26 counties Pool maps with locations of producing oil and gas pools by stratigraphic unit Historic production data - Pre-2002

During hydrocarbon production, water is typically co-produced from the geologic formations producing oil and gas. Understanding the composition of these produced waters is important to help investigate the regional hydrogeology, the source of the water, the efficacy of water treatment and disposal plans, potential economic benefits of mineral commodities in the fluids, and the safety of potential sources of drinking or agricultural water. In addition to waters co-produced with hydrocarbons, geothermal development or exploration brings deep formation waters to the surface for possible sampling. This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Produced Waters Geochemical Database, which contains geochemical and other information for 114,943 produced water and other deep formation water samples of the United States, is a provisional, updated version of the 2002 USGS Produced Waters Database (Breit and others, 2002). In addition to the major element data presented in the original, the new database contains trace elements, isotopes, and time-series data, as well as nearly 100,000 additional samples that provide greater spatial coverage from both conventional and unconventional reservoir types, including geothermal. The database is a compilation of 40 individual databases, publications, or reports. The database was created in a manner to facilitate addition of new data and correct any compilation errors, and is expected to be updated over time with new data as provided and needed. Table 1, USGSPWDBv2.3 Data Sources.csv, shows the abbreviated ID of each input database (IDDB), the number of samples from each, and its reference. Table 2, USGSPWDBv2.3 Data Dictionary.csv, defines the 190 variables contained in the database and their descriptions. The database variables are organized first with identification and location information, followed by well descriptions, dates, rock properties, physical properties of the water, and then chemistry. The chemistry is organized alphabetically by elemental symbol. Each element is followed by any associated compounds (e.g. H2S is found after S). After Zr, molecules containing carbon, organic 9 compounds and dissolved gases follow. Isotopic data are found at the end of the dataset, just before the culling parameters.

Cell maps for each oil and gas assessment unit were created by the USGS as a method for illustrating the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in an assessment unit or province. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, dry, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown. The well information was initially retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data from PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data were current as of October 2002 when the cell maps were created in 2004.

These data were compiled to monitor potential changes in vegetation and soil properties to indicate recovery of reclaimed oil and gas sites with time since reclamation and allow for the comparison of reclaimed well pads with reference sites of similar site characteristics. Objective(s) of our study were to identify the recovery patterns of (1) individual soil characteristics and (2) holistic multivariate soil recovery as well as (3) determine how site properties and environmental factors affect reclamation outcomes. These data represent observations of 134 reclaimed oil and gas well pads. These data were collected by Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) certified field crews using field observations and AIM methods on lands impacted by oil and gas development on the Colorado Plateau and New Mexico Plateau of New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. These data can be used to estimate recovery on reclaimed oil and gas pads.

These data were compiled to assess the recovery of vegetation on reclaimed oil and gas sites. Objective(s) of our study were to assess patterns in reclamation outcomes relative to 1) soil attributes, climate, and time since 39 reclamation and 2) plant and soil reference benchmarks. These data represent observations of vegetation and soil cover from 134 reclaimed oil and gas well pads and 583 AIM reference plots. These data were collected on lands impacted by oil and gas development on the Colorado Plateau as well as Arizona and New Mexico Plateau of New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. Data was collected from July- September of 2020 and May-September of 2021. These data were collected by Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) certified field crews using field observations and AIM methods. These data can be used to estimate plant community recovery on reclaimed oil and gas pads.

The project described here is for the Delaware basin of southeastern New Mexico, where shallow groundwater aquifers overlie some of the world’s most prolific oil and gas reservoirs. The New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department Oil Conservation Division funded this project to better protect and manage water resources in this part of the state, facilitate the well drilling permit process, and make spill response quicker and more informed. The Guadalupe Mountains are a significant recharge area for groundwater resources in the Carlsbad area and the southernmost reach of the Pecos River in New Mexico. Oil and gas production and associated saltwater injection activities are strikingly conspicuous throughout the project area, and underground mines southeast of Carlsbad are an essential source of the nation’s potash supply. Additionally, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’s radioactive waste repository is located in the north-central portion of the study area. The amount and variety of subsurface activity highlight the need for digital 3D hydrogeologic data suitable for efforts to manage subsurface resources in this region.

Cell maps for each oil and gas assessment unit were created by the USGS as a method for illustrating the degree of exploration, type of production, and distribution of production in an assessment unit or province. A cell map was not created for the Menefee Coal-Bed Gas (50220381) assessment unit because it was considered a hypothetical assessment unit. The Mesaverde Updip oil had production wells associated with it but resource totals were below the minimum and wasn't quantitatively assessed. Each cell represents a quarter-mile square of the land surface, and the cells are coded to represent whether the wells included within the cell are predominantly oil-producing, gas-producing, both oil and gas-producing, dry, or the type of production of the wells located within the cell is unknown. The well information was initially retrieved from the IHS Energy Group, PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data on CD-ROM, which is a proprietary, commercial database containing information for most oil and gas wells in the U.S. Cells were developed as a graphic solution to overcome the problem of displaying proprietary PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data. No proprietary data are displayed or included in the cell maps. The data from PI/Dwights PLUS Well Data were current as of October 2001 when the cell maps were created in 2002.

FracFocus is the national hydraulic fracturing chemical registry. Each FracFocus record is composed of three parts: 1. Well information including API number, job start and end date, state and county numbers, well operator name, latitude and longitude, datum projection, total vertical well depth, and the total volume of base fluids. 2. A list of the additives used. 3. A list of the chemical ingredients added to the base fluids. This dataset includes the state, county, latitude, longitude, year, and the volume of water used for the hydraulic fracturing treatment for the years 2009-2019 in Texas and New Mexico.

This geospatial data includes oil and gas wells within the Colorado portion of the Raton Basin, as of January 2005. It includes a subset of over 60,000 existing and proposed oil and gas well locations within the State of Colorado. The well point data represent permitted locations, most of which have been drilled and completed, or drilled and abandoned. Some permitted locations were never drilled; these locations are also included in the shapefile. Selected well identification numbers and other header information are provided as attributes. The Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) is the official repository for Colorado's oil and gas information. Links to the COGCC website and to the shapefile (WELL_SHP), which were used to develop this geospatial data, are provided in the Cross-Reference section in these metadata.

Rapid growth in unconventional oil and gas (UOG) has produced jobs, revenue, and energy, but also concerns over spills and environmental risks. We assessed spill data from 2005 to 2014 at 31 481 UOG wells in Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania. We found 2–16% of wells reported a spill each year. Median spill volumes ranged from 0.5 m3 in Pennsylvania to 4.9 m3 in New Mexico; the largest spills exceeded 100 m3. Seventy-five to 94% of spills occurred within the first three years of well life when wells were drilled, completed, and had their largest production volumes. Across all four states, 50% of spills were related to storage and moving fluids via flowlines. Reporting rates varied by state, affecting spill rates and requiring extensive time and effort getting data into a usable format. Enhanced and standardized regulatory requirements for reporting spills could improve the accuracy and speed of analyses to identify and prevent spill risks and mitigate potential environmental damage. Transparency for data sharing and analysis will be increasingly important as UOG development expands. We designed an interactive spills data visualization tool (http://snappartnership.net/groups/hydraulic-fracturing/webapp/spills.html) to illustrate the value of having standardized, public data.

The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (lOGCC) has conducted a series of studies to evaluate the known, remaining oil resource in twenty-three (23) states. The primary objective of the IOGCC's effort is to examine the potential impact of an aggressive and focused program of research. development, and demonstration (RD&D) and technology transfer on future oil recovery in the United States. As a part of this larger effort by the IOGCC, this report focuses on the potential economic benefits of improved oil recovery in the state of New Mexico. Individual reports for seven other oil producing states and a national report have been separately published by the IOGCC. Several major technical insights for state and Federal policymakers and regulators can be reached from this analysis. ?At the conclusion of conventional recovery operations, two-thirds of the known original oil- in-place will remain in New Mexico oil reservoirs. ?The remaining resource, over 10 billion barrels, is the target for future improved oil recovery techniques. However, a significant portion of this remaining oil resource has already been abandoned. An even greater portion is in imminent danger of abandonment if cost-effective and efficient recovery techniques are not applied. ?Resource abandonment will significantly impact the economic producibility of future production and reserves under improved oil recovery techniques. Major capital investments will be needed to reacquire the leases, rebuild the infrastructure, and more importantly, drill new wells to regain access to the New Mexico target resource. ?New Mexico's future oil production depends on the development of efficient and cost-effective oil recovery technologies, technology transfer to domestic producers, and the timely and successful application of such technologies, given the steady decline in New Mexico production and the accelerating level of well abandonment over the past decade. ?The effective transfer of existing technology could result in 430 to 640 billion barrels of new reserves from analyzed New Mexico reservoirs at oil prices ranging from $20/B to $28/8, potentially increasing the state's current proved reserves by 60% to 90%. ?Technology advances resulting from a focused RD&D effort could result in additional post-conventional reserves of 350 to 400 million barrels. The effective transfer of existing technology, coupled with the development and application of new technologies, could more than replace current proved reserves in New Mexico. ?Public sector revenues from future improved oil recovery activity would total between $2.3 and $4.3 billion given currently available recovery practices and oil prices of $20/B to $28/8. Technology advances could increase these totals by $2 to $3 billion over the same price range, with roughly 40% of the total flowing to the state treasury. ?Potential improved oil recovery would replace imports of foreign oil, keeping between $9 billion and $18 billion in the U.S. economy. This figure is only the direct cost of imports avoided due to increased domestic activity. The true value to the country is actually much higher due to multiplier effects as this money circulates in the economy.

Federal onshore lands contain an estimated 20 percent of the oil and 25 percent of the undiscovered natural gas resources in the United States (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2006) and the BLM has identified the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) as an area with high potential for continued energy development (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2002). The UCRB drains portions of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming and is part of the largest river basin in the southwestern United States. A significant volume of known and potential oil and gas reserves lies in the sedimentary basins of the UCRB (Huffman, 1995; U.S. Geological Survey 2002a; U.S. Geological Survey 2002b; U.S. Geological Survey 2002c) and an average of 4,527 wells per year was started on Federal land in the five UCRB states in fiscal years (FY, October 1 to September 30) 2006 and 2007 (U.S. Bureau of Land Management 2008). An average of 2,462 wells per year were drilled between FY 2000 and 2005. 1 ...