Summary: This repository contains spatial data files representing the density of vegetation cover within a 200 meter radius of points on a grid across the land area of New York City (NYC), New York, USA based on 2017 six-inch resolution land cover data, as well as SQL code used to carry out the analysis. The 200 meter radius was selected based on a study led by researchers at the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, which found that for a given point in the city, cooling benefits of vegetation only begin to accrue once the vegetation cover within a 200 meter radius is at least 32% (Johnson et al. 2020). The grid spacing of 100 feet in north/south and east/west directions was intended to provide granular enough detail to offer useful insights at a local scale (e.g., within a neighborhood) while keeping the amount of data needed to be processed for this manageable. The contained files were developed by the NY Cities Program of The Nature Conservancy and the NYC Environmental Justice Alliance through the Just Nature NYC Partnership. Additional context and interpretation of this work is available in a blog post.

References: Johnson, S., Z. Ross, I. Kheirbek, and K. Ito. 2020. Characterization of intra-urban spatial variation in observed summer ambient temperature from the New York City Community Air Survey. Urban Climate 31:100583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100583

Files in this Repository: Spatial Data (all data are in the New York State Plane Coordinate System - Long Island Zone, North American Datum 1983, EPSG 2263): Points with unique identifiers (fid) and data on proportion tree canopy cover (prop_canopy), proportion grass/shrub cover (prop_grassshrub), and proportion total vegetation cover (prop_veg) within a 200 meter radius (same data made available in two commonly used formats, Esri File GeoDatabase and GeoPackage): nyc_propveg2017_200mbuffer_100ftgrid_nowater.gdb.zip nyc_propveg2017_200mbuffer_100ftgrid_nowater.gpkg Raster Data with the proportion total vegetation within a 200 meter radius of the center of each cell (pixel centers align with the spatial point data) nyc_propveg2017_200mbuffer_100ftgrid_nowater.tif Computer Code: Code for generating the point data in PostgreSQL/PostGIS, assuming the data sources listed below are already in a PostGIS database. nyc_point_buffer_vegetation_overlay.sql

Data Sources and Methods: We used two openly available datasets from the City of New York for this analysis: Borough Boundaries (Clipped to Shoreline) for NYC, from the NYC Department of City Planning, available at https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/data-maps/open-data/districts-download-metadata.page Six-inch resolution land cover data for New York City as of 2017, available at https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Environment/Land-Cover-Raster-Data-2017-6in-Resolution/he6d-2qns All data were used in the New York State Plane Coordinate System, Long Island Zone (EPSG 2263). Land cover data were used in a polygonized form for these analyses. The general steps for developing the data available in this repository were as follows: Create a grid of points across the city, based on the full extent of the Borough Boundaries dataset, with points 100 feet from one another in east/west and north/south directions Delete any points that do not overlap the areas in the Borough Boundaries dataset. Create circles centered at each point, with a radius of 200 meters (656.168 feet) in line with the aforementioned paper (Johnson et al. 2020). Overlay the circles with the land cover data, and calculate the proportion of the land cover that was grass/shrub and tree canopy land cover types. Note, because the land cover data consistently ended at the boundaries of NYC, for points within 200 meters of Nassau and Westchester Counties, the area with land cover data was smaller than the area of the circles. Relate the results from the overlay analysis back to the associated points. Create a raster data layer from the point data, with 100 foot by 100 foot resolution, where the center of each pixel is at the location of the respective points. Areas between the Borough Boundary polygons (open water of NY Harbor) are coded as "no data." All steps except for the creation of the raster dataset were conducted in PostgreSQL/PostGIS, as documented in nyc_point_buffer_vegetation_overlay.sql. The conversion of the results to a raster dataset was done in QGIS (version 3.28), ultimately using the gdal_rasterize function.

The Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications, GIS Unit, is providing the raw orthoimagery for download. This orthoimagery is used to create the Aerial Photography Tile Layer services described in further detail here: https://maps.nyc.gov/tiles/. Full metadata on the Aerial & Orthoimagery can be found at: https://github.com/CityOfNewYork/nyc-geo-metadata/blob/master/Metadata/Metadata_AerialImagery.md

A 6-in resolution 8-class land cover dataset derived from the 2017 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data capture. This dataset was developed as part of an updated urban tree canopy assessment and therefore represents a ''top-down" mapping perspective in which tree canopy overhanging features is assigned to the tree canopy class. The eight land cover classes mapped were: (1) Tree Canopy, (2) Grass\Shrubs, (3) Bare Soil, (4) Water, (5) Buildings, (6) Roads, (7) Other Impervious, and (8) Railroads. The primary sources used to derive this land cover layer were 2017 LiDAR (1-ft post spacing) and 2016 4-band orthoimagery (0.5-ft resolution). Object based image analysis was used to automate land-cover features using LiDAR point clouds and derivatives, orthoimagery, and vector GIS datasets -- City Boundary (2017, NYC DoITT) Buildings (2017, NYC DoITT) Hydrography (2014, NYC DoITT) LiDAR Hydro Breaklines (2017, NYC DoITT) Transportation Structures (2014, NYC DoITT) Roadbed (2014, NYC DoITT) Road Centerlines (2014, NYC DoITT) Railroads (2014, NYC DoITT) Green Roofs (date unknown, NYC Parks) Parking Lots (2014, NYC DoITT) Parks (2016, NYC Parks) Sidewalks (2014, NYC DoITT) Synthetic Turf (2018, NYC Parks) Wetlands (2014, NYC Parks) Shoreline (2014, NYC DoITT) Plazas (2014, NYC DoITT) Utility Poles (2014, ConEdison via NYCEM) Athletic Facilities (2017, NYC Parks)

For the purposes of classification, only vegetation > 8 ft were classed as Tree Canopy. Vegetation below 8 ft was classed as Grass/Shrub.

To learn more about this dataset, visit the interactive "Understanding the 2017 New York City LiDAR Capture" Story Map -- https://maps.nyc.gov/lidar/2017/ Please see the following link for additional documentation on this dataset -- https://github.com/CityOfNewYork/nyc-geo-metadata/blob/master/Metadata/Metadata_LandCover.md

Note: The files can be downloaded from the Attachments section below. Please note that the total size is 180GB, so the download may take some time depending on your system’s capabilities and configuration. Topographic and bathymetric LiDAR data was collected for New York City in 2017. Topographic data was collected for the entire city, plus an additional 100 meter buffer, using a Leica ALS80 sensor equipped to capture at least 8 pulse/m2. Dates of capture for topographic data were between 05/03/2017 and 05/17/2017 during 50% leaf-off conditions. Bathymetric data was collected in select areas of the city (where bathymetric data capture was expected) using a Riegl VQ-880-G sensor equipped to capture approximately 15 pulses/m2 (1.5 Secchi depths). Dates of capture for bathymetric were between 07/04/2017 - 07/26/2017. LiDAR data was tidally-coordinated and captured between mean lower low water (+30% of mean tide) ranges. The horizontal datum for all datasets is NAD83, the vertical datum is NAVD88, Geoid 12B, and the data is projected in New York State Plane - Long Island. Units are in US Survey Feet. To learn more about these datasets, visit the interactive “Understanding the 2017 New York City LiDAR Capture” Story Map -- https://maps.nyc.gov/lidar/2017/ Please see the following link for additional documentation on this dataset -- https://github.com/CityOfNewYork/nyc-geo-metadata/blob/master/Metadata/Metadata_LiDAR_Summary.md

Tax Parcel shape files, metadata, and geodatabases by town and city available to download: https://gisdata.ny.gov/GISData/County/Greene/Parcel_Data/Greene_County_Tax_Parcels.zip Database was prepared for assessment administration purposes only. It is not intended for use in the conveyance of land. Absolutely no accuracy or completeness is implied or intended. All the information is subject to such variations and corrections that may result from an accurate instrument survey and or abstract of title Spatial Reference of Source Data: NAD 83 State Plane – New York East.Spatial Reference of Web Service: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere. Data current as of July 2025. Contact Information:Greene County Real Property Tax Service411 Main Street Suite 447Catskill, New York 12414PH: 518-719-3525FAX: 518-719-3791rpts@greenecountyny.gov

The Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications, GIS Unit, is providing the raw orthoimagery for download. This orthoimagery is used to create the Aerial Photography Tile Layer services described in further detail here: https://maps.nyc.gov/tiles/. Full metadata on the Aerial & Orthoimagery can be found at: https://github.com/CityOfNewYork/nyc-geo-metadata/blob/master/Metadata/Metadata_AerialImagery.md

The Municipal ZEV Clean Vehicle (CV) Rebate Program provides rebates to cities, towns, villages and counties (including New York City boroughs) to purchase or lease (for at least 36 months) new clean vehicles for fleet use.Service layer is updated annually, last updated 1/12/22.For more information, see https://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8394.htmlFor more information or to download layer see https://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1383Download the metadata to learn more information about how the data was created and details about the attributes. Use the links within the metadata document to expand the sections of interest. https://services6.arcgis.com/DZHaqZm9cxOD4CWM/arcgis/rest/services/Municipal_Zero_Emission_Vehicle_Rebates/FeatureServer1. The NYS DEC asks to be credited in derived products. 2. Secondary distribution of the data is not allowed. 3. Any documentation provided is an integral part of the data set. Failure to use the documentation in conjunction with the digital data constitutes a misuse of the data. 4. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors may be reflected in the data supplied. The user must be aware of data conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection methodology, currency of data, and other conditions.

The Climate Smart Communities grant program was established in 2016 to provide 50/50 matching grants to cities, towns, villages, counties and boroughs for eligible climate adaptation and mitigation projects. Benefits include leadership recognition, free technical assistance, and access to grants.Service layer is updated annually, last updated 12/04/2024.For more information, https://www.dec.ny.gov/energy/76483.htmlFor more information or to download layer see https://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/inventories/details.cfm?DSID=1382Download the metadata to learn more information about how the data was created and details about the attributes. Use the links within the metadata document to expand the sections of interest. http://gis.ny.gov/gisdata/metadata/nysdec.clim_smrt_com_grants.xml1. The NYS DEC asks to be credited in derived products. 2. Secondary distribution of the data is not allowed. 3. Any documentation provided is an integral part of the data set. Failure to use the documentation in conjunction with the digital data constitutes a misuse of the data. 4. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors may be reflected in the data supplied. The user must be aware of data conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection methodology, currency of data, and other conditions.

NOTE: This file includes data for all 5 boroughs and has a size of 4.60 GB. Individual borough files are available for download from the metadata attachments section. Citywide Geographic Information System (GIS) land cover layer that displays land cover classification, plus pervious and impervious area and percentage at the parcel level, separated into 5 geodatabases, one per borough. DEP hosted a webinar on this study on June 23, 2020. A recording of the webinar, plus a PDF of the webinar presentation, accompany this dataset and are available for download. Please direct questions and comments to DEP at imperviousmap@dep.nyc.gov. This citywide parcel-level impervious area GIS layer was developed by the City of New York to support stormwater-related planning, and is provided solely for informational purposes. The accuracy of the data should be independently verified for any other purpose. The City disclaims any liability for errors and makes no warranties express or implied, including, but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose as to the quality, content, accuracy or completeness of the information, text graphics, links and other items contained in this GIS layer.

This 2004 Orthoimagery Tile Index file can be used to geo-reference the individual image tiles across the City. This tile index is used in conjunction with the 2004 Orthoimagery by individual Borough download. Full metadata on the Aerial & Orthoimagery can be found at: https://github.com/CityOfNewYork/nyc-geo-metadata/blob/master/Metadata/Metadata_AerialImagery.md

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) conducted JRA-55, the second Japanese global atmospheric reanalysis project. It covers 55 years, extending back to 1958, coinciding with the establishment of the global radiosonde observing system. Compared to its predecessor, JRA-25, JRA-55 is based on a new data assimilation and prediction system (DA) that improves many deficiencies found in the first Japanese reanalysis. These improvements have come about by implementing higher spatial resolution (TL319L60), a new radiation scheme, four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) with Variational Bias Correction (VarBC) for satellite radiances, and introduction of greenhouse gases with time varying concentrations.

The entire JRA-55 production was completed in 2013, and thereafter will be continued on a real time basis. Specific early results of quality assessment of JRA-55 indicate that a large temperature bias in the lower stratosphere has been significantly reduced compared to JRA-25 through a combination of the new radiation scheme and application of VarBC (which also reduces unrealistic temperature variations). In addition, a dry land surface anomaly in the Amazon basin has been mitigated, and overall forecast scores are much improved over JRA-25.

Most of the observational data employed in JRA-55 are those used in JRA-25. Additionally, newly reprocessed METEOSAT and GMS data were supplied by EUMETSAT and MSC/JMA respectively. Snow depth data over the United States, Russia and Mongolia were supplied by UCAR, RIHMI and IMH respectively. The Data Support Section (DSS) at NCAR has processed the 1.25 degree version of JRA-55 with the RDA (Research Data Archive) archiving and metadata system. The model resolution data has also been acquired, archived and processed as well, including transformation of the TL319L60 grid to a regular latitude-longitude Gaussian grid (320 latitudes by 640 longitudes, nominally 0.5625 degree). All RDA JRA-55 data is available for internet download, including complete subsetting and data format conversion services.

The official tax maps for the City of New York are maintained by the DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE Tax Map Office. Tax maps show the lot lines, the block and lot numbers, the street names, lot dimensions, and easements. Please see the following link for additional documentation- https://github.com/CityOfNewYork/nyc-geo-metadata/blob/master/Metadata/Metadata_DigitalTaxMap.md

A Civil Service List consists of all candidates who passed an exam, ranked in score order. An established list is considered active for no less than one year and no more than four years from the date of establishment. For more information visit DCAS’ “Work for the City” webpage at: https://www1.nyc.gov/site/dcas/employment/take-an-exam.page