Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at 5.38 percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at four percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at 1.75 percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to 3.5 percent, the ECB refi rate to 2.65 percent, the Bank of England bank rate to 3.33 percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to 0.75 percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

In January 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 21 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at 0.5 percent in January 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

The benchmark interest rate in Germany was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides - Germany Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Celsius Holdings' stock increased by 5.7% as the Fed maintained interest rates, signaling potential rate cuts amidst economic uncertainty. The company recently expanded by acquiring Alani Nu.

Key information about Germany Long Term Interest Rate

• Germany Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Germany: ECB Harmonised was reported at 2.18 % pa in Dec 2024, compared with 2.31 % pa in the previous month.
• Germany Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1990 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 9.09 % pa in Oct 1990 and a record low of -0.65 % pa in Aug 2019.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, Germany Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.15 % pa in Dec 2024.
• Germany Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.

The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. The first rate cut in 2025 then set the rate at 4.33 percent. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

The benchmark interest rate in Georgia was last recorded at 8 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Georgia Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about China Long Term Interest Rate

• China Treasury Bond Yield: Interbank: Spot Yield: 10 year was reported at 1.64 % pa in Jan 2025, compared with 1.69 % pa in the previous month.
• China Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jul 2008 to Jan 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.63 % pa in Dec 2013 and a record low of 1.64 % pa in Jan 2025.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by National Interbank Funding Center.

• In the latest reports, China Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: SHIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 1.70 % pa in Jan 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: China: Rediscount Rate) was set at 2.65 % pa in Jun 2023.
• China Exchange Rate against USD averaged 7.16 (USD/RMB) in Jun 2023.

Key information about India Long Term Interest Rate

• India Government Securities Yield: 10 Years was reported at 6.71 % pa in Jan 2025, compared with 6.78 % pa in the previous month.
• India Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from May 1996 to Jan 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 13.96 % pa in May 1996 and a record low of 5.11 % pa in Oct 2003.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by Reserve Bank of India.

• In the latest reports, India Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: India: MIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 7.19 % pa in Jun 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Repo Rate) was set at 6.50 % pa in Jan 2025.
• India Exchange Rate against USD averaged 82.23 (USD/INR) in Jun 2023.

The benchmark interest rate in Honduras was last recorded at 5.75 percent. This dataset provides - Honduras Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Ireland was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides - Ireland Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Discover how the Federal Reserve's interest rate strategy is impacting oil prices and future demand.

The benchmark interest rate in Mauritania was last recorded at 6.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Mauritania Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in New Caledonia was last recorded at 3.50 percent. This dataset provides - New Caledonia Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Qatar Policy Rate

• Qatar cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Lending Rate) was set at 5.10 % pa in Jan 2025, compared with 5.10 % pa in the previous Dec 2024.
• Qatar Policy Rate averaged 4.50 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Mar 2003 to Jan 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 6.25 % pa in Aug 2024 and a record low of 1.33 % pa in Jun 2004.

• In the latest reports, Qatar Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Interbank Rate: 3 Months was reported at 4.90 % pa in Nov 2024.
• Qatar Exchange Rate against USD averaged 3.64 (USD/QAR) in Jun 2023.

Key information about Ireland Policy Rate

• Ireland cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.90 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 3.15 % pa in the previous Jan 2025.
• Ireland Policy Rate averaged 1.25 % pa and is updated monthly, available from Jan 1999 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.75 % pa in Apr 2001 and a record low of 0.00 % pa in Jun 2022.

• In the latest reports, Ireland Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 1.72 % pa in Dec 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Ireland: ECB Harmonised) was reported at 2.49 % pa in Dec 2024.
• Ireland Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.
• Its Real Effective Exchange Rate was 81.91 in Jan 2025.

Forecast: Bank Lending Interest Rate in Canada 2022 - 2026 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Oil prices hold steady on Tuesday, influenced by Chinese demand concerns and anticipation of the U.S. interest rate decision, impacting global market dynamics.

A survey measuring levels of engagement with presidential elections in the United States found that engagement was overall higher in 2016 than for later elections. In three separate months in that year, more than 70 percent of respondents said they were following election news very or fairly closely. In April 2024, under 60 percent were paying close attention to updates, however engagement tends to fluctuate according to the the stage of elections and their respective campaigns. This is why, five months later, soon before the elections, the rate of those following news closely grew to 69 percent.

The benchmark interest rate in Macau was last recorded at 4.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Macao Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.