1999-2008; 2005-2008. This dataset is a de-identified summary table of vision and eye health data indicators from NHANES, stratified by all available combinations of age group, race/ethnicity, gender, and risk factor. NHANES is a program of studies conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics at CDC designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the U.S, and combines interviews and physical examinations. NHANES stopped collecting vision and eye health data in 2008. Approximate sample size is 5,000 persons per year. NHANES data for VEHSS includes questions and examinations related to Visual Function, Vision Exam Measures, Eye Health Conditions, Service Utilization, and Examination Measures. Data were suppressed for cell sizes less than 30 persons, or where the relative standard error more than 30% of the mean. Detailed information on VEHSS NHANES analyses can be found on the VEHSS NHANES webpage (https://www.cdc.gov/visionhealth/vehss/data/national-surveys/national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey.html). Additional information about NHANES can be found on the NHANES website (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm). The VEHSS NHANES dataset was last updated in June 2018.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. The NHANES combines personal interviews and physical examinations, which focus on different population groups or health topics. These surveys have been conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) on a periodic basis from 1971 to 1994. In 1999 the NHANES became a continuous program with a changing focus on a variety of health and nutrition measurements which were designed to meet current and emerging concerns. The surveys examine a nationally representative sample of approximately 5,000 persons each year. These persons are located in counties across the United States, 15 of which are visited each year. The 2001-2002 NHANES contains data for 11,039 individuals (and MEC examined sample size of 10,477) of all ages. Many questions that were asked in NHANES II, 1976-1980, Hispanic HANES 1982-1984, and NHANES III, 1988-1994, were combined with new questions in the NHANES 2001-2002. As in past health examination surveys, data were collected on the prevalence of chronic conditions in the population. Estimates for previously undiagnosed conditions, as well as those known to and reported by survey respondents, are produced through the survey. Risk factors, those aspects of a person's lifestyle, constitution, heredity, or environment that may increase the chances of developing a certain disease or condition, were examined. Data on smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual practices, drug use, physical fitness and activity, weight, and dietary intake were collected. Information on certain aspects of reproductive health, such as use of oral contraceptives and breastfeeding practices, were also collected. The diseases, medical conditions, and health indicators that were studied include: anemia, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and lower extremity disease, environmental exposures, equilibrium, hearing loss, infectious diseases and immunization, kidney disease, mental health and cognitive functioning, nutrition, obesity, oral health, osteoporosis, physical fitness and physical functioning, reproductive history and sexual behavior, respiratory disease (asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema), sexually transmitted diseases, skin diseases, and vision. The sample for the survey was selected to represent the United States population of all ages. Special emphasis in the 2001-2002 NHANES was on adolescent health and the health of older Americans. To produce reliable statistics for these groups, adolescents aged 15-19 years and persons aged 60 years and older were over-sampled for the survey. African Americans and Mexican Americans were also over-sampled to enable accurate estimates for these groups. Several important areas in adolescent health, including nutrition and fitness and other aspects of growth and development, were addressed. Since the United States has experienced dramatic growth in the number of older people during the twentieth century, the aging population has major implications for health care needs, public policy, and research priorities. NCHS is working with public health agencies to increase the knowledge of the health status of older Americans. NHANES has a primary role in this endeavor. In the examination, all participants visit the physician who takes their pulse or blood pressure. Dietary interviews and body measurements are included for everyone. All but the very young have a blood sample taken and see the dentist. Depending upon the age of the participant, the rest of the examination includes tests and procedures to assess the various aspects of health listed above. Usually, the older the individual, the more extensive the examination. Some persons who are unable to come to the examination center may be given a less extensive examination in their homes. Demographic data file variables are grouped into three broad categories: (1) Status Variables: provide core information on the survey participant. Examples of the core variables include interview status, examination status, and sequence number. (Sequence number is a unique ID assigned to each sample person and is required to match the information on this demographic file to the rest of the NHANES 2001-2002 data). (2) Recoded Demographic Variables: these variables include age (

This dataset tracks the updates made on the dataset "National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) – Vision and Eye Health Surveillance" as a repository for previous versions of the data and metadata.

Analysis of ‘National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) – Vision and Eye Health Surveillance’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/17db5667-8dc2-48f5-aba9-e42cbb10a1f2 on 12 February 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

1999-2008; 2005-2008. This dataset is a de-identified summary table of vision and eye health data indicators from NHANES, stratified by all available combinations of age group, race/ethnicity, gender, and risk factor. NHANES is a program of studies conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics at CDC designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the U.S, and combines interviews and physical examinations. NHANES stopped collecting vision and eye health data in 2008. Approximate sample size is 5,000 persons per year. NHANES data for VEHSS includes questions and examinations related to Visual Function, Vision Exam Measures, Eye Health Conditions, Service Utilization, and Examination Measures. Data were suppressed for cell sizes less than 30 persons, or where the relative standard error more than 30% of the mean. Detailed information on VEHSS NHANES analyses can be found on the VEHSS NHANES webpage (https://www.cdc.gov/visionhealth/vehss/data/national-surveys/national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey.html). Additional information about NHANES can be found on the NHANES website (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm). The VEHSS NHANES dataset was last updated in June 2018.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The association of birth weight (continuous) with visual acuity, refraction and keratometry in separate models in the NHANES 1999–2008.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Study (NHEFS) is a longitudinal study that follows participants from the NHANES I who were aged 25-74 in 1971-1975. The NHEFS surveys were designed to investigate the association between factors measured at the baseline and the development of specific health conditions and functional limitations. Follow-up data were collected in 1982-1984 (ICPSR 8900), 1986 (ICPSR 9466), 1987 (ICPSR 9854), and 1992. The 1992 NHEFS collected information on changes in the health and functional status of the NHEFS cohort since the last contact period. The Vital and Tracing Status file (Part 1) provides summary information about the status of the NHEFS cohort. The Interview Data file (Part 2) covers selected aspects of the respondent's health history, including injuries, activities of daily living, vision and hearing, medical conditions, exercise, weight, family history of cancer, surgeries, smoking, alcohol use, and medical care utilization. The Health Care Facility Stay files (Parts 3 and 4) supply information about stays in hospitals, nursing homes, and mental health care facilities, as well as information abstracted from facility medical records. The Mortality Data file (Part 5) contains data abstracted from the death certificates for NHEFS decedents.

BackgroundHeavy metals exposure has been widely referred to as a risk factor for human health. However, studies on the potential impact of heavy metals on visual disability are limited. Herein, this study aims to investigate the associations of urinary and blood heavy metals with visual disability in adults.MethodsA total of 4,284 eligible participants in the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were enrolled in our cross-sectional study. The urinary barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), tungsten (Tu), and mercury (Hg) and blood Pb, Cd, and Hg were included for analysis. We used multivariate logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile-based gcomputation (qgcomp) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the mixed-metal effect on visual disability. The subgroup analysis was stratified by age.ResultsIn the single metal exposure model, the risk of visual disability increased by 39.2%, 22.6%, 25.6%, and 17.9% for each unit increase in urinary Cd, Pb, Sn, and Tu, respectively (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the risk of visual disability increased by 40.6% and 22.7% per unit increase in blood Ln-Pb and Ln-Cd, respectively (p = 0.034 and 0.018). In mixed metal effect analysis, WQS, qgcomp, and BKMR models consistently demonstrated a positive association between blood and urine metal co-exposure and visual disability. Furthermore, we found that Cd and Pb were the top-weighted metals responsible for the overall effect. However, these associations were not pronounced in the older adults.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that Cd, Pb, Sn, and Tu were identified as independent risk factors for visual disability. Furthermore, exposure to mixed metals could increase the risk of visual disability, to which Cd and Pb were the greatest contributors.