The average number of additional years a man or woman aged 75 can be expected to live if they continue to live in the same place and the death rates in their area remain the same for the rest of their life. To ensure that the NHS is held to account for doing all that it can to prevent avoidable deaths in older people. This indicator captures all persons aged 75 and over. A correction was made to this indicator on the 6th March 2019 due to errors found in the data. The confidence intervals for females in the region breakdown for the 2015-17 time period were displayed the wrong way round and some of the upper intervals were rounded incorrectly. These have now been corrected. A further correction was made to this indicator on the 21st May 2020. For 2015-17, The population numbers presented within the local authority (LA) breakdown for females were found to be incorrect for three LAs. The affected LAs were Redcar and Cleveland (E06000003), Norwich (E07000148) and Redbridge (E09000026). These have now been corrected. The indicator value and confidence intervals for all three LAs were unaffected by the error. Legacy unique identifier: P01728

Update 2 March 2023: Following the merger of NHS Digital and NHS England on 1st February 2023 we are reviewing the future presentation of the NHS Outcomes Framework indicators. As part of this review, the annual publication which was due to be released in March 2023 has been delayed. Further announcements about this dataset will be made on this page in due course. The average number of additional years a man or woman aged 75 can be expected to live if they continue to live in the same place and the death rates in their area remain the same for the rest of their life. To ensure that the NHS is held to account for doing all that it can to prevent avoidable deaths in older people. This indicator captures all persons aged 75 and over. A correction was made to this indicator on the 6th March 2019 due to errors found in the data. The confidence intervals for females in the region breakdown for the 2015-17 time period were displayed the wrong way round and some of the upper intervals were rounded incorrectly. These have now been corrected. A further correction was made to this indicator on the 21st May 2020. For 2015-17, The population numbers presented within the local authority (LA) breakdown for females were found to be incorrect for three LAs. The affected LAs were Redcar and Cleveland (E06000003), Norwich (E07000148) and Redbridge (E09000026). These have now been corrected. The indicator value and confidence intervals for all three LAs were unaffected by the error. Legacy unique identifier: P01728

Life expectancy in the United Kingdom was below 39 years in the year 1765, and over the course of the next two and a half centuries, it is expected to have increased by more than double, to 81.1 by the year 2020. Although life expectancy has generally increased throughout the UK's history, there were several times where the rate deviated from its previous trajectory. These changes were the result of smallpox epidemics in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, new sanitary and medical advancements throughout time (such as compulsory vaccination), and the First world War and Spanish Flu epidemic in the 1910s.

This data originates from the Public Health Outcomes tool currently presents data for available indicators for upper tier local authority levels, collated by Public Health England (PHE).

The data currently published here are the baselines for the Public Health Outcomes Framework, together with more recent data where these are available. The baseline period is 2010 or equivalent, unless these data are unavailable or not deemed to be of sufficient quality. The first data were published in this tool as an official statistics release in November 2012. Future official statistics updates will be published as part of a quarterly update cycle in August, November, February and May.

The definition, rationale, source information, and methodology for each indicator can be found within the spreadsheet.

Data included in the spreadsheet:

0.1i - Healthy life expectancy at birth
0.1ii - Life Expectancy at birth
0.1ii - Life Expectancy at 65
0.2i - Slope index of inequality in life expectancy at birth based on national deprivation deciles within England
0.2ii - Number of upper tier local authorities for which the local slope index of inequality in life expectancy (as defined in 0.2iii) has decreased
0.2iii - Slope index of inequality in life expectancy at birth within English local authorities, based on local deprivation deciles within each area
0.2iv - Gap in life expectancy at birth between each local authority and England as a whole
0.2v - Slope index of inequality in healthy life expectancy at birth based on national deprivation deciles within England
1.01i - Children in poverty (all dependent children under 20)
1.01ii - Children in poverty (under 16s)
1.02i - School Readiness: The percentage of children achieving a good level of development at the end of reception
1.02i - School Readiness: The percentage of children with free school meal status achieving a good level of development at the end of reception
1.02ii - School Readiness: The percentage of Year 1 pupils achieving the expected level in the phonics screening check
1.02ii - School Readiness: The percentage of Year 1 pupils with free school meal status achieving the expected level in the phonics screening check
1.03 - Pupil absence
1.04 - First time entrants to the youth justice system
1.05 - 16-18 year olds not in education employment or training
1.06i - Adults with a learning disability who live in stable and appropriate accommodation
1.06ii - % of adults in contact with secondary mental health services who live in stable and appropriate accommodation
1.07 - People in prison who have a mental illness or a significant mental illness
1.08i - Gap in the employment rate between those with a long-term health condition and the overall employment rate
1.08ii - Gap in the employment rate between those with a learning disability and the overall employment rate
1.08iii - Gap in the employment rate for those in contact with secondary mental health services and the overall employment rate
1.09i - Sickness absence - The percentage of employees who had at least one day off in the previous week
1.09ii - Sickness absence - The percent of working days lost due to sickness absence
1.10 - Killed and seriously injured (KSI) casualties on England's roads
1.11 - Domestic Abuse
1.12i - Violent crime (including sexual violence) - hospital admissions for violence
1.12ii - Violent crime (including sexual violence) - violence offences per 1,000 population
1.12iii- Violent crime (including sexual violence) - Rate of sexual offences per 1,000 population
1.13i - Re-offending levels - percentage of offenders who re-offend
1.13ii - Re-offending levels - average number of re-offences per offender
1.14i - The rate of complaints about noise
1.14ii - The percentage of the population exposed to road, rail and air transport noise of 65dB(A) or more, during the daytime
1.14iii - The percentage of the population exposed to road, rail and air transport noise of 55 dB(A) or more during the night-time
1.15i - Statutory homelessness - homelessness acceptances
1.15ii - Statutory homelessness - households in temporary accommodation
1.16 - Utilisation of outdoor space for exercise/health reasons
1.17 - Fuel Poverty
1.18i - Social Isolation: % of adult social care users who have as much social contact as they would like
1.18ii - Social Isolation: % of adult carers who have as much social contact as they would like
1.19i - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in local area during the day
1.19ii - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in local area after dark
1.19iii - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in own home at night
2.01 - Low birth weight of term babies
2.02i - Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding initiation
2.02ii - Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding prevalence at 6-8 weeks after birth
2.03 - Smoking status at time of delivery
2.04 - Under 18 conceptions
2.04 - Under 18 conceptions: conceptions in those aged under 16
2.06i - Excess weight in 4-5 and 10-11 year olds - 4-5 year olds
2.06ii - Excess weight in 4-5 and 10-11 year olds - 10-11 year olds
2.07i - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children (aged 0-14 years)
2.07i - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children (aged 0-4 years)
2.07ii - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in young people (aged 15-24)
2.08 - Emotional well-being of looked after children
2.12 - Excess Weight in Adults
2.13i - Percentage of physically active and inactive adults - active adults
2.13ii - Percentage of active and inactive adults - inactive adults
2.14 - Smoking Prevalence
2.14 - Smoking prevalence - routine & manual
2.15i - Successful completion of drug treatment - opiate users
2.15ii - Successful completion of drug treatment - non-opiate users
2.17 - Recorded diabetes
2.18 - Alcohol related admissions to hospital
2.19 - Cancer diagnosed at early stage (Experimental Statistics)
2.20i - Cancer screening coverage - breast cancer
2.20ii - Cancer screening coverage - cervical cancer
2.21vii - Access to non-cancer screening programmes - diabetic retinopathy
2.22iii - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 offered an NHS Health Check
2.22iv - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 offered an NHS Health Check who received an NHS Health Check
2.22v - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 who received an NHS Health check
2.23i - Self-reported well-being - people with a low satisfaction score
2.23ii - Self-reported well-being - people with a low worthwhile score
2.23iii - Self-reported well-being - people with a low happiness score
2.23iv - Self-reported well-being - people with a high anxiety score
2.24i - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over (Persons)
2.24i - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over (males/females)
2.24ii - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over - aged 65-79
2.24iii - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over - aged 80+
3.01 - Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution
3.02i - Chlamydia screening detection rate (15-24 year olds) - Old NCSP data
3.02ii - Chlamydia screening detection rate (15-24 year olds) - CTAD
3.03i - Population vaccination coverage - Hepatitis B (1 year old)
3.03i - Population vaccination coverage - Hepatitis B (2 years old)
3.03iii - Population vaccination coverage - Dtap / IPV / Hib (1 year old)
3.03iii - Population vaccination coverage - Dtap / IPV / Hib (2 years old)
3.03iv - Population vaccination coverage - MenC
3.03v - Population vaccination coverage - PCV
3.03vi - Population vaccination coverage - Hib / MenC booster (2 years old)
3.03vi - Population vaccination coverage - Hib / Men C booster (5 years)
3.03vii - Population vaccination coverage - PCV booster
3.03viii - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for one dose (2 years old)
3.03ix - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for one dose (5 years old)
3.03x - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for two doses (5 years old)
3.03xii - Population vaccination coverage - HPV
3.03xiii - Population vaccination coverage - PPV
3.03xiv - Population vaccination coverage - Flu (aged 65+)
3.03xv - Population vaccination coverage - Flu (at risk individuals)
3.04 - People presenting with HIV at a late stage of infection
3.05i - Treatment completion for TB
3.05ii - Incidence of TB
3.06 - NHS organisations with a board approved sustainable development management plan
4.01 - Infant mortality
4.02 - Tooth decay in children aged 5
4.03 - Mortality rate from causes considered preventable
4.04i - Under 75 mortality rate from all cardiovascular diseases
4.04ii - Under 75 mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases considered preventable
4.05i - Under 75 mortality rate from cancer
4.05ii - Under 75 mortality rate from cancer considered preventable
4.06i - Under 75 mortality rate from liver disease
4.06ii - Under 75 mortality rate from liver disease considered preventable
4.07i - Under 75 mortality rate from respiratory disease
4.07ii - Under 75 mortality rate from respiratory disease considered preventable
4.08 - Mortality from communicable diseases
4.09 - Excess under 75 mortality rate in adults with serious mental illness
4.10 - Suicide rate
4.11 - Emergency readmissions within 30 days of discharge from hospital
4.12i - Preventable sight loss - age related macular degeneration (AMD)
4.12ii - Preventable sight loss - glaucoma
4.12iii - Preventable sight loss - diabetic eye disease
4.12iv - Preventable sight loss - sight loss certifications
4.14i - Hip fractures in

The average number of additional years a man or woman aged 75 can be expected to live if they continue to live in the same place and the death rates in their area remain the same for the rest of their life.

Purpose

To ensure that the NHS is held to account for doing all that it can to prevent avoidable deaths in older people. This indicator captures all persons aged 75 and over.

Current version updated: May-17

Next version due: Feb-18

Period life expectancy by age and sex for Wales. Each national life table is based on population estimates, births and deaths for a period of three consecutive years. Tables are published annually.

Life expectancy (LE), healthy life expectancy (HLE), disability-free life expectancy (DFLE), Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and range at birth and age 65 by national deprivation deciles (IMD 2015 and IMD 2019), England, 2011 to 2019.

Source agency: ISD Scotland (part of NHS National Services Scotland) Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Life Expectancy

Health expectancies for both sexes at birth by upper tier local authority with confidence intervals and proportions of life with and without disability.

This publication updates and expands upon the first estimates of HLE for Scotland produced by ISD and others.

Source agency: ISD Scotland (part of NHS National Services Scotland)

Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Life Expectancy

Legacy unique identifier: P01728

Years of life lost due to mortality from pneumonia (ICD-10 J12-J18). Years of life lost (YLL) is a measure of premature mortality. Its primary purpose is to compare the relative importance of different causes of premature death within a particular population and it can therefore be used by health planners to define priorities for the prevention of such deaths. It can also be used to compare the premature mortality experience of different populations for a particular cause of death. The concept of years of life lost is to estimate the length of time a person would have lived had they not died prematurely. By inherently including the age at which the death occurs, rather than just the fact of its occurrence, the calculation is an attempt to better quantify the burden, or impact, on society from the specified cause of mortality. Legacy unique identifier: P00519

The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a continuing longitudinal study that seeks to follow the lives of all those living in Great Britain who were born in one particular week in 1958. The aim of the study is to improve understanding of the factors affecting human development over the whole lifespan.

The NCDS has its origins in the Perinatal Mortality Survey (PMS) (the original PMS study is held at the UK Data Archive under SN 2137). This study was sponsored by the National Birthday Trust Fund and designed to examine the social and obstetric factors associated with stillbirth and death in early infancy among the 17,000 children born in England, Scotland and Wales in that one week. Selected data from the PMS form NCDS sweep 0, held alongside NCDS sweeps 1-3, under SN 5565.

Survey and Biomeasures Data (GN 33004):
To date there have been nine attempts to trace all members of the birth cohort in order to monitor their physical, educational and social development. The first three sweeps were carried out by the National Children's Bureau, in 1965, when respondents were aged 7, in 1969, aged 11, and in 1974, aged 16 (these sweeps form NCDS1-3, held together with NCDS0 under SN 5565). The fourth sweep, also carried out by the National Children's Bureau, was conducted in 1981, when respondents were aged 23 (held under SN 5566). In 1985 the NCDS moved to the Social Statistics Research Unit (SSRU) - now known as the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS). The fifth sweep was carried out in 1991, when respondents were aged 33 (held under SN 5567). For the sixth sweep, conducted in 1999-2000, when respondents were aged 42 (NCDS6, held under SN 5578), fieldwork was combined with the 1999-2000 wave of the 1970 Birth Cohort Study (BCS70), which was also conducted by CLS (and held under GN 33229). The seventh sweep was conducted in 2004-2005 when the respondents were aged 46 (held under SN 5579), the eighth sweep was conducted in 2008-2009 when respondents were aged 50 (held under SN 6137) and the ninth sweep was conducted in 2013 when respondents were aged 55 (held under SN 7669).

Four separate datasets covering responses to NCDS over all sweeps are available. National Child Development Deaths Dataset: Special Licence Access (SN 7717) covers deaths; National Child Development Study Response and Outcomes Dataset (SN 5560) covers all other responses and outcomes; National Child Development Study: Partnership Histories (SN 6940) includes data on live-in relationships; and National Child Development Study: Activity Histories (SN 6942) covers work and non-work activities. Users are advised to order these studies alongside the other waves of NCDS.

From 2002-2004, a Biomedical Survey was completed and is available under End User Licence (EUL) (SN 8731) and Special Licence (SL) (SN 5594). Proteomics analyses of blood samples are available under SL SN 9254.

Linked Geographical Data (GN 33497):
A number of geographical variables are available, under more restrictive access conditions, which can be linked to the NCDS EUL and SL access studies.

Linked Administrative Data (GN 33396):
A number of linked administrative datasets are available, under more restrictive access conditions, which can be linked to the NCDS EUL and SL access studies. These include a Deaths dataset (SN 7717) available under SL and the Linked Health Administrative Datasets (SN 8697) available under Secure Access.

Additional Sub-Studies (GN 33562):
In addition to the main NCDS sweeps, further studies have also been conducted on a range of subjects such as parent migration, unemployment, behavioural studies and respondent essays. The full list of NCDS studies available from the UK Data Service can be found on the NCDS series access data webpage.

How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:
For information on how to access biomedical data from NCDS that are not held at the UKDS, see the CLS Genetic data and biological samples webpage.

Further information about the full NCDS series can be found on the Centre for Longitudinal Studies website.

The NCDS linked Scottish Medical Records (SMR) datasets include data files from the NHS Digital Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database for those cohort members who provided consent to health data linkage in the Age 50 sweep, and had ever lived in Scotland.

The SMR database contains information about all hospital admissions in Scotland. The following datasets are available:

• SN 876: National Child Development Study: Linked Administrative Data, Outpatient Attendance, Scottish Medical Records, 1996-2015: Secure Access (SMR00)
• SN 8762: National Child Development Study: Linked Administrative Data, Inpatient Attendance, Scottish Medical Records, 1981-2015: Secure Access (SMR01)
• SN 8763: (this study) National Child Development Study: Linked Administrative Data, Maternity Records, Scottish Medical Records, 1981-2002: Secure Access (SMR02)
• SN 8764: National Child Development Study: Linked Administrative Data, Prescribing Information System, Scottish Medical Records, 2009-2015: Secure Access (PIS)

Researchers who require access to more than one dataset need to apply for them individually.

Further information about the SMR database can be found on the https://www.ndc.scot.nhs.uk/Data-Dictionary/SMR-Datasets/">Information Services Division Scotland SMR Datasetswebpage.

CLS/SMR Digital Sub-licence agreement:

The linked SMR data have been processed by CLS and supplied to the UK Data Service (UKDS) under Secure Access Licence. Applicants wishing to access these data need to establish the necessary agreement with the UKDS and abide by the terms and conditions of the UKDS Secure Access licence. An additional condition of the licensing is that it is not permitted to link SMR data to NCDS data that include Scottish geographies.

Non-straightforward requests to include additional data not held by UKDS would be handled by the CLS Data Access Committee and referred to the Public Benefit and Privacy Panel (PBPP) if necessary.

For the week ending March 7, 2025, weekly deaths in England and Wales were 124 below the number expected, compared with 460 fewer than expected in the previous week. In late 2022, and through early 2023, excess deaths were elevated for a number of weeks, with the excess deaths figure for the week ending January 13, 2023, the highest since February 2021. In the middle of April 2020, at the height of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there were almost 12,000 excess deaths a week recorded in England and Wales. It was not until two months later, in the week ending June 19, 2020, that the number of deaths began to be lower than the five-year average for the corresponding week. Most deaths since 1918 in 2020 In 2020, there were 689,629 deaths in the United Kingdom, making that year the deadliest since 1918, at the height of the Spanish influenza pandemic. As seen in the excess death figures, April 2020 was by far the worst month in terms of deaths during the pandemic. The weekly number of deaths for weeks 16 and 17 of that year were 22,351, and 21,997 respectively. Although the number of deaths fell to more usual levels for the rest of that year, a winter wave of the disease led to a high number of deaths in January 2021, with 18,676 deaths recorded in the fourth week of that year. For the whole of 2021, there were 667,479 deaths in the UK, 22,150 fewer than in 2020. Life expectancy in the UK goes into reverse In 2022, life expectancy at birth for women in the UK was 82.6 years, while for men it was 78.6 years. This was the lowest life expectancy in the country for ten years, and came after life expectancy improvements stalled throughout the 2010s, and then declined from 2020 onwards. There is also quite a significant regional difference in life expectancy in the UK. In the London borough of Kensington and Chelsea, for example, the life expectancy for men was 81.5 years, and 86.5 years for women. By contrast, in Blackpool, in North West England, male life expectancy was just 73.1 years, while for women life expectancy was lowest in Glasgow, at 78 years.

• to provide annual data about the nation’s health;
• to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;
• to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;
• to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;
• to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;
• to monitor progress towards selected health targets
• since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;
• since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change.

Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles webpage, the NatCen Social Research NatCen Health Survey for England webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group UCL Health Survey for England webpage.

Changes to the HSE from 2015:
Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available. The household data file is no longer released for analysis. In addition, users may see other changes; for example only grouped age is now available instead of single year of age. NHS Digital have issued the following statement on changes to the HSE from 2015:

"NHS Digital has recently reviewed how we manage access to survey datasets. In doing this we have sought to strike a balance between protecting the privacy of individuals and enabling maximum use of these valuable, publicly funded data collections. We have thoroughly reviewed our disclosure control measures, including taking advice from experts at the Office of National Statistics. The result is that additional disclosure control measures have been applied to the 2015 survey [onwards] to enable a suitable dataset to be made available through the UK Data Service via end user licence. This involved providing less detail on some aspects, such as geographical classifications, ethnicity and household relationships. To provide greater protection of the answers of children and adults within households it is not possible to identify people within the same household on this dataset, however parent/guardian derived variables appended to their children (if they have any) have been added to enable some intra‐household analysis.”

It is hoped that a second dataset with more detail including family and household relationships will be made available via Special Licence. In the meantime, researchers who want to do analysis of health and behaviours within families or households, and the derived intra-household variables do not meet your needs, are advised to register their interest for a more detailed dataset with NatCen Social Research and provide information about their proposed research and which data they want.

For the third edition (December 2019), corrections have been made for two equivalised income derived variables (Eqv3 and Eqv5); in the previous editions the number of cases coded to -1 was incorrectly higher than normal, and some cases have been coded with the wrong score.

This is a three-year rolling mortality indicator presented as a standardised mortality ratio. It is aimed at measuring the national and local standardised mortality ratio of the learning disabilities population compared to the general population. People with learning disabilities often have a shorter life expectancy than that of the general population. Some of the causes of mortality amongst this population are thought to be premature and preventable, this indicator therefore presents a useful contribution to monitoring improvements in the rates of mortality in the learning disabilities population. Additional to the data files, there is supporting information and a data quality statement, to illustrate any issues with the underlying data and outlining the methodology used in the calculation of the indicator. This information can all be found on the Supporting Information page. This indicator cannot be used to directly compare mortality outcomes between localities and it is inappropriate to rank them by their indicator score.

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLWH) now have near-normal life-expectancy, but still experience stigma, and HIV status is treated as sensitive health information. When UK healthcare patient data is curated into anonymised datasets for research, HIV diagnostic codes are stripped out. As PLWH age, we must research how HIV affects conditions of ageing, but cannot do so in current NHS research datasets. We aimed to elicit views on HIV status being shared in NHS datasets, and identify appropriate safeguards.MethodsWe conducted three focus groups with a convenience sample of PLWH recruited through HIV charities, presenting information on data governance, data-sharing, patient privacy, law, and research areas envisaged for HIV and ageing. Each focus group involved two presentations, a question session, and facilitated breakout discussion groups. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.Results37 PLWH (age range 23-58y) took part. The overarching theme was around trust, both the loss of trust experienced by participants due to previous negative or discriminatory experiences, and the need to slowly build trust in data-sharing initiatives. Further themes showed that participants were supportive of data being used for research and health care improvements, but needed a guarantee that their privacy would be protected. A loss of trust in systems and organisations using the data, suspicion of data users’ agendas, and worry about increased discrimination and stigmatisation made them cautious about data sharing. To rebuild trust participants wanted to see transparent security protocols, accountability for following these, and communication about data flows and uses, as well as awareness training about HIV, and clear involvement of PLWH as full stakeholders on project teams and decision-making panels.ConclusionsPLWH were cautiously in favour of their data being shared for research into HIV, where this could be undertaken with high levels of security, and the close involvement of PLWH to set research agendas and avoid increased stigma.

An interdisciplinary data resource on health, economic position and quality of life as people age. Longitudinal multidisciplinary data from a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and older have been collected. Both objective and subjective data are collected relating to health and disability, biological markers of disease, economic circumstance, social participation, networks and well-being. Participants are surveyed every two years to see how people''s health, economic and social circumstances may change over time. One of the study''s aims is to determine the relationships between functioning and health, social networks, resources and economic position as people plan for, move into and progress beyond retirement. It is patterned after the Health and Retirement Study, a similar study based in the United States. ELSA''s method of data collection includes face-to-face interview with respondents aged 50+; self-completion; and clinical, physical, and performance measurements (e.g., timed walk). Wave 2 added questions about quality of health care, literacy, and household consumption, and a visit by a nurse to obtain anthropometric, blood pressure, and lung function measurements, as well as saliva and blood samples, and to record results from tests of balance and muscle strength. Another new aspect of Wave 2 is the ''Exit Interview'' carried out with proxy informants to collect data about respondents who have died since Wave 1. This interview includes questions about the respondents'' physical and psychological health, the care and support they received, their memory and mood in the last year of their life, and details of what has happened to their finances after their death. Wave 3 data added questions related to mortgages and pensions. The intention is to conduct interviews every 2 years, and to have a nurse visit every 4 years. It also is envisioned that the ELSA data will ultimately be linked to available administrative data, such as death registry data, a cancer register, NHS hospital episodes data, National Insurance contributions, benefits, and tax credit records. The survey data are designed to be used for the investigation of a broad set of topics relevant to understanding the aging process. These include: * health trajectories, disability and healthy life expectancy; * the determinants of economic position in older age; * the links between economic position, physical health, cognition and mental health; * the nature and timing of retirement and post-retirement labour market activity; * household and family structure, social networks and social supports; * patterns, determinants and consequences of social, civic and cultural participation; * predictors of well-being. Current funding for ELSA will extend the panel to 12 years of study, giving significant potential for longitudinal analyses to examine causal processes. * Dates of Study: 2002-2007 * Study Features: Longitudinal, International, Anthropometric Measures * Sample Size: ** 2000-2003 (Wave 1): 12,100 ** 2004-2005 (Wave 2): 9,433 ** 2006-2007 (Wave 3): 9,771 ** 2008-2009 (Wave 4): underway Links * Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS): http://www.esds.ac.uk/longitudinal/about/overview.asp * ICPSR: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/00139#scope-of-study

There were over 4.7 million people aged between 30 and 34 in the United Kingdom in 2023, making it the most populous age group in that year. Those aged between 35 and 39 years comprised the next most numerous age group in 2023, at over 4.64 million people. Millennials overtake Boomers as biggest generation Post-war demographic trends, particularly the 'baby boom' phenomenon, have significantly influenced the current age distribution in the UK. The postwar peak of live births in 1947 resulted in the dominance of the Baby Boomer generation for several decades, until 2020 when Millennials became the largest generational cohort, surpassing the Boomers for the first time. The following year, the UK Boomer population was then overtaken by Generation X, the generation born between Boomers and Millennials. Generation Z, however, remains smaller than the three generations that preceded it, at 12.9 million individuals in 2022. Aging UK population poses challenges The median age of the UK population is projected to reach 44.5 years by 2050, compared to 34.9 years in 1950. This aging trend is indicative of broader global demographic shifts, with the median age of people worldwide forecasted to increase from 23.6 years in 1950 to 41.9 years by 2100. How countries like the UK manage their aging populations will be one of the key challenges of the next few decades. It is likely the UK's struggling National Health Service (NHS) will come under even more pressure in the coming years. There are also tough economic questions, in particular as more people enter retirement age and the UK's working population gets smaller in relation to it.

To reduce deaths from stroke.