Nigeria NG: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data was reported at 43.000 % in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 40.100 % for 2003. Nigeria NG: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 43.000 % from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2009, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.900 % in 1996 and a record low of 38.700 % in 1985. Nigeria NG: Gini Coefficient (GINI Index): World Bank Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.; ; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).; ; The World Bank’s internationally comparable poverty monitoring database now draws on income or detailed consumption data from more than one thousand six hundred household surveys across 164 countries in six regions and 25 other high income countries (industrialized economies). While income distribution data are published for all countries with data available, poverty data are published for low- and middle-income countries and countries eligible to receive loans from the World Bank (such as Chile) and recently graduated countries (such as Estonia) only. See PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/WhatIsNew.aspx) for definitions of geographical regions and industrialized countries.

According to governmental data from 2020, the Gini coefficient in Nigeria was **** points as of 2019. The Gini index gives information on the distribution of income in a country. In an ideal situation in which incomes are perfectly distributed, the coefficient is equal to zero.

The first eight countries with the biggest inequality in income distribution in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa, with an index over ** points.

Comparing the *** selected regions regarding the gini index , South Africa is leading the ranking (**** points) and is followed by Namibia with **** points. At the other end of the spectrum is Slovakia with **** points, indicating a difference of *** points to South Africa. The Gini coefficient here measures the degree of income inequality on a scale from * (=total equality of incomes) to *** (=total inequality).The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in more than *** countries and regions worldwide. All input data are sourced from international institutions, national statistical offices, and trade associations. All data has been are processed to generate comparable datasets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

39,00 (%) in 2018. Der GINI-Index misst, zu welchem Ausmaß die Einkommensverteilung oder die Konsumausgaben von Individuen oder Haushalten innerhalb einer Wirtschaft von der idealen, gleichmäßigen Verteilung abweichen. Mithilfe einer Lorenzkurve werden die kumulierten Prozentsätze des Gesamteinkommens und die kumulierte Anzahl der Personen, die Einkommen beziehen, angefangen mit dem ärmsten Individuum oder Haushalt, dargestellt. Der GINI-Index misst die Fläche zwischen der Lorenzkurve und einer hypothetischen Linie, die die perfekte Verteilung symbolisiert und wird als Prozentsatz der maximalen Fläche unter dieser Linie angegeben. Somit bedeutet ein GINI-Index von 0 eine absolut gleichmäßige Verteilung, ein Index von 100 eine absolute Ungleichheit.

Improvement of food, nutritional security and poverty reduction in Africa can be addressed through better integration of intra-regional fish trade into the nation-state policy agenda. Data crucial to the development of regional fish trade needs to be obtained. However, there is paucity of information on market structure, products and value of fish trade along regional borders in Africa. This study therefore investigated fish marketing structure, the marketing actor’s characteristics, fish distribution channels, market profitability and efficiency along the Nigeria-Niger border and Lake Kainji inland fisheries. A multistage sampling procedure was used in the selection of respondents for this study. Random sampling was carried out in selecting four states Sokoto, Katsina, Jigawa and Yobe along the Nigeria-Niger border, Niger state was purposively selected based on its location in the Lake Kainji inland fisheries. Data was collected from 150 respondents in each of the states comprising 50 producers, processors and marketers each, amounting to 750 with the use of a structured questionnaire. Data on socio-economic characteristics, marketing operations, marketing channel, market structure, profitability and trade flow were obtained. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary indices, gini coefficient, linear regression, Stochastic production frontier model and ANOVA at α 0.05. There was a predominance of male producers, marketers and processors in Katsina (100.0%, 98.0%, 98.0%), while in Niger state, processors were dominated by women (54.0%). Majority of producers (36.0%), processors (40.0%) in Sokoto state, marketers (36.0%) and processors (53.0%) in Katsina state; and processors (50.0%) in Niger were within the age of 31-40 years. The producer-consumer channel had an efficiency of 618.47 while that for producer-retailerconsumer channel was 435.85. The minimum and maximum average volume (kg) of fish traded within and across the States were for fried (882.25±339.15, 730.72±283.39) and fresh fish (1702.23±978.32; 1673.20±439.88). An average volume (kg) traded of 1386.46±760.57 for dried fish was traded across the regional border. 478.22±292.01 and 91.04±80.53 were the highest and least marketing efficiency among artisanal fishermen and retailers respectively for fresh fish. Processors had the highest average gross margin per kg (₦1157.94±492.26) while wholesalers had the least ₦387.94±363.87 for smoked fish. The Gini coefficient value for most of the actors showed partial inequality in the revenue distribution of fresh, smoked, dried, fried, spiced and frozen fish, except for wholesalers of smoked fish (0.34), retailers of spiced fish (0.45) and iii wholesalers (0.41) and retailers (0.43) of frozen fish. The linear regression b values for all the forms of fish were positive except for dried and fried whose b values were -7.66 and -5.15 respectively. The direct marketing channels were most efficient for fresh and processed fish. The market structures for most of the producers (capture), marketers and processors were monopolistic in nature and there was barrier into entry for fried and dried fish. Therefore there is need for better organization of fish markets.

Nigeria has the largest population in Africa. As of 2024, the country counted over 232.6 million individuals, whereas Ethiopia, which ranked second, has around 132 million inhabitants. Egypt registered the largest population in North Africa, reaching nearly 116 million people. In terms of inhabitants per square kilometer, Nigeria only ranks seventh, while Mauritius has the highest population density on the whole African continent. The fastest-growing world region Africa is the second most populous continent in the world, after Asia. Nevertheless, Africa records the highest growth rate worldwide, with figures rising by over two percent every year. In some countries, such as Niger, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Chad, the population increase peaks at over three percent. With so many births, Africa is also the youngest continent in the world. However, this coincides with a low life expectancy. African cities on the rise The last decades have seen high urbanization rates in Asia, mainly in China and India. However, African cities are currently growing at larger rates. Indeed, most of the fastest-growing cities in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Gwagwalada, in Nigeria, and Kabinda, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ranked first worldwide. By 2035, instead, Africa's fastest-growing cities are forecast to be Bujumbura, in Burundi, and Zinder, Nigeria.

As of January 2024, Johann Rupert and his family are the richest people in South Africa with a net worth of 11.1 billion U.S. dollars. The Rupert family are ranked at 216 globally and are the second richest people in Africa after Nigerian billionaire, Aliko Dangote, reclaimed the title. Rupert's net worth dropped by seven million U.S. dollars from 2023, mainly due to a decline in the market value of luxury goods company Richemont, where he owns an estimated 9.14 percent stake. Nicky Oppenheimer and his family placed as the second richest in South Africa, with a net worth of 9.5 billion U.S. dollars and ranking at 276 worldwide. Their net worth source was mostly founded via the diamond market. They were followed by Koos Bekker, the chairman of media group Naspers, with 3.1 billion U.S. dollars who placed 1,133 globally. Patrice Motsepe, the first black African on the Forbes list and founder of African Rainbow Minerals, ranked 1,140 out of the global billionaires list, with a net worth of three billion U.S. dollars. Where does the wealth reside in the continent? The three largest economies on the continent in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), namely Nigeria, Egypt, and South Africa saw the highest concentration of private wealth, with South Africa ranking first when it came to private wealth. In fact, out of Africa’s 20 wealthiest families and individuals, 14 of them were from these economies. Since 2010, the number of high net worth individuals on the continent fluctuated peaking at 148 individuals in 2017 and reaching its lowest in 2020 at 125. High net worth individuals are people whose net assets exceed one million U.S. dollars. On the other hand, South Africa suffered from severe income inequality ranking as the most unequal country in the world with a Gini index of 0.63 points.