Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Analysis unit

Persons

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: no - Households: no - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: Any building or structure with an entrance. It may be occupied by persons, be vacant, or uncompleted. - Households: A household consists of a person or a group of persons living together under the same roof or in the same building/compound, who eat from the same pot and recognize themselves as a unit. - Group quarters: A housing unit occupied largely by persons not related by blood. Examples include school hostels where children from different parents live during the school session, hotels where travelers and holidaymakers or people on business stay for a short period of time. Institutional housing units usually contain more rooms than residential buildings.

Universe

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 83700.

SAMPLE DESIGN: The sample followed a two-stage, replicated and rotable design in which enumeration areas (EAs) demarcated for the 1991 Population Census served as the primary sampling units and housing units (HUs) as the secondary sampling units. Sixty EAs per state and 30 EAs in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja were randomly selected. In each EA, 10 households were selected randomly from a list of all households in the EA. In total, 21,900 housing units from 2,190 enumeration areas were included in the sample. The selected EAs were distributed across urban and rural areas.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A single form with eleven sections: A) Housing unit identification and conditions, B) Persons present in the household, C) Usual resident absent, D) Contraceptive prevalence, E) Births in the last 12 months, F) National programme on immunization, G) Child nutrition, H) Deaths in the last 12 months, I) Health, J) Household enterprises, and K) Household expenditure.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households and persons

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: No - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: No - Special populations: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: A household consists of a person or a group of persons living together under the same roof or in the same building/compound, who eat from the same pot and recognize themselves as a unit. - Group quarters: A housing unit occupied largely by persons not related by blood. Examples include school hostels where children from different parents live during the school session, hotels where travelers and holidaymakers or people on business stay for a short period of time. Institutional housing units usually contain more rooms than residential buildings.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Bureau of Statistics

SAMPLE DESIGN: The sample followed a two-stage, replicated and rotable design in which enumeration areas (EAs) demarcated for the 1991 Population Census served as the primary sampling units and housing units (HUs) as the secondary sampling units. Sixty EAs per state and 30 EAs in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja were randomly selected. In each EA, 10 households were selected randomly from a list of all households in the EA. In total, 21,900 housing units from 2,190 enumeration areas were included in the sample. The selected EAs were distributed across urban and rural areas.

SAMPLE UNIT: Enumeration area and housing unit

SAMPLE FRACTION: 0.1%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 83,700

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A single form with eleven sections: A) Housing unit identification and conditions, B)Persons present in the household, C) Usual resident absent, D) Contraceptive prevalence, E) Births in the last 12 months, F) National programme on immunization, G) Child nutrition, H) Deaths in the last 12 months, I) Health, J) Householkd enterprises, and K) Household expenditure.

Nigeria NG: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 0.658 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.577 % for 2010. Nigeria NG: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 0.471 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.658 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.397 % in 2000. Nigeria NG: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

Abstract

The Geneal Household Survey is a brainchild of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and is often referred to as Regular survey carried out on quarterly basis by the NBS over the years. In recent times, starting from 2004 to be precise, there is a collaborative effort between the NBS and the CBN in 2004 and 2005 and in 2006 the collaboration incorporated Nigerian Communications commission (NCC). The main reason of for conducting the survey was to enable the collaborating agencies fulfil their mandate in the production of current and credible statistics, to monitor and evaluate the status of the economy and the various government programmes such as the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The collaborative survey also assured the elimination of conflicts in data generated by the different agencies and ensured a reliable, authentic national statistics for the country.

Geographic coverage

National Zone State Local Government

Analysis unit

Household based

Universe

Household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The GHS was implemented as a NISH module. Six replicates were studied per State while three replicates were studied in the FCT, Abuja. With a fixed-take of 10 HUs systematically selected per EA, 600 HUs thus were selected for interview per State and 300 for FCT, Abuja. Hence, nationally, a total of 21,900 HUs drawn from the 2,190 cut across the rural and urban sectors.

Introduction: The sample design for the survey derives from the National Integrated Survey of Household (NISH) developed by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The NISH design employed a replicated sampling design that is technique by which many sample (replicates) were selected independently from a population such that each replicate sample represents the population.

Essentially, the NISH sample design is a 2-stage replicated and rotated cluster sample design with Enumeration Areas (EAs) as first stage sampling unit or Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Housing Units the second stage sampling units (secondary sampling units). Generally, for each state of the Federation, the NISH Master Sample is made up of 120 EAs drawn in12 replicates. A replicate consists of 10 EAs.

Selection Procedures:

The EAs demarcated by the National Population Commission (NpopC) for the 1991 Population Census served as the primary Sample Frame for the design.

First Stage Selection:

Sixty EAs were selected with equal probability from the list of EAs in each state of the federation and 30 EAs for FCT, Abuja. The selected EAs cuts across rural and urban sectors. The study EAs for the collaborative survey were drawn from replicates 7,8,9,10,11 and 12 of the master sample of each state.

Second Stage Selection: In each selected EA, a listing of housing units was carried out. The result provided the frame for the second stage selection. Ten housing units were selected systematically in each EA after the completion of the listing exercise. Thereafter, all the households within the selected HUs were interviewed using GHS questionnaire. Out of the expected 2,190 EAs, 1,883 were studied. Out of the 21,900 housing units expected to be covered, 18,826 were canvassed.

Sampling deviation

Variance Estimate (Jackknife Method) Estimating variances using the Jackknife method will require forming replicate from the full sample by randomly eliminating one sample cluster [Enumeration Area (EA) at a time from a state containing k EAs, k replicated estimates are formed by eliminating one of these, at a time, and increasing the weight of the remaining (k-1) EAs by a factor of k/(k-1). This process is repeated for each EA.

For a given state or reporting domain, the estimate of the variance of a rate, r, is given by k Var(r ) = (Se)2 = 1 S (ri - r)2 k(k-1) i=1

where (Se) is the standard error, k is the number of EAs in the state or reporting domain.

r is the weighted estimate calculated from the entire sample of EAs in the state or reporting domain.
ri = kr - (k - 1)r(i), where

r(i) is the re-weighted estimate calculated from the reduced sample of k-1 EAs.

To obtain an estimate of the variance at a higher level, say, at the national level, the process is repeated over all states, with k redefined to refer to the total number of EAs (as opposed to the number in the states).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire for the GHS is a structured questionnaire based on household characteristics with some modifications and additions. The House project module is a new addition and some new questions on ICT. The questionnaires were scaned This section deals with the characteristics of the socio-economic data of Nigerian population, such as demography, education, employment, health, housing condition, fertility, mortality etc. Demographic factors are both determinants and consequences of economic and social development. It has been shown that the study of demographic variables yield important information on the inventories of human resources that are needed for effective development planning.

Cleaning operations

The data editing is in 2 phases namely manual editing before the questionnaires were scanned. This involved using editors at the various zones to manually edit and ensure consistency in the information on the questionnaire. The second editing is the computer editing, this is the cleaning of the already scanned data.

Response rate

On National basis, 85.98 percent response rate was acheived at EA level while 85.96 percent was acheived at housing units level.

Sampling error estimates

No sampling error estimate

Data appraisal

QUALITY CONTROL AND RETRIEVAL OF RECORD
The Quality Control measures were carried out during the survey, essentially to ensure quality of data. There were three levels of supervision involving the supervisors at the first level, CBN staff, NBS State Officers and Zonal Controllers at second level and finally the NBS/NCC Headquarter staff constituting the third level supervision. Field monitoring and quality check exercises were also carried out during the period of data collection as part of the quality control measures.

The Nigerbus is a syndicated omnibus survey using the quantitative data collection in gathering its information. Since inception in 1980 it has proven to be a reliable tool for keeping abreast on market development and as well as tracking brand performance. The sample is usually over 5,000 and is drawn from the population aged 18 and above. We interview male and female at the ratio of 50:50 that is, 2500 males and 2500 females and this quota is further stratified by age. The interview is conducted in all the 36 states of the Federation and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Each state's sample allocation is proportionate to its size in the 1991 Population Census Results.

Abstract

The General Household Survey(GHS) is the core module of the NISH programme and is implemented annually to provide time-series data on the socio-demographic and economic conditions of the country.

Geographic coverage

The GHS covers the 36 states of the federation including Federal Capital Territory (FCT)

Analysis unit

Household Individuals

Kind of data

Données échantillonées [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design for the General Household Survey (GHS) is based on the National Integrated Survey of Household (NISH) developed by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The NISH design employed a replicated sampling design that is technique by which many sample (replicates) were selected independently from a population such that each replicate sample represents the population.

Essentially, the NISH sample design is a 2-stage replicated and rotated cluster sample design with Enumeration Areas (EAs) as first stage sampling unit or Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Housing Units the second stage sampling units (secondary sampling units). Generally, for each state of the Federation, the NISH Master Sample is made up of 120 EAs drawn in12 replicates. A replicate consists of 10 EAs.

Selection Procedures: The EAs demarcated by the National Population Commission (NpopC) for the 1991 Population Census served as the primary Sample Frame for the design. First Stage Selection: Sixty EAs were selected with equal probability from the list of EAs in each state of the federation and 30 EAs for FCT, Abuja. The selected EAs cuts across rural and urban sectors. The study EAs for the collaborative survey were drawn from replicates 7,8,9,10,11 and 12 of the master sample of each state.

Second Stage Selection: In each selected EA, a listing of housing units was carried out. The result provided the frame for the second stage selection. Ten housing units were selected systematically in each EA after the completion of the listing exercise. Thereafter, all the households within the selected HUs were interviewed using GHS questionnaire. nationally, a total of 21,900 HUs drawn from the 2,190 EAs were selected for interview for the GHS. The selected EAs (and hence the HUs) cut across the rural and urban sectors.

Mode of data collection

Interview face à face [f2f]

Research instrument

the GHS Questionnaire. has 11 distinct parts of variable such as: Part A: Identification code, Response status, Housing characteristics/amenities And Information communication Technology (ICT). Part B: Socio-demographic characteristics and Labour force characteristics Part C: Information about the people in the household who were absent during the period of the survey. Part D: Female contraceptive only, and children ever born by mothers aged 15 years and above Part E: Births of children in the last 12 months, and trained birth attendant used during child delivery. Par F: Immunization of children aged 1 year or less and records of their vaccination Part G: Child nutrition, exclusive breast feeding and length of breast feeding. Part H: Deaths in the last 12 months, and causes of such deaths. Part I: Health of all members, of the household and health care providers. Part J: Household enterprises, income and profit made from such activities. Part K: Household expenditure, such as school fees, medical expenses, housing expenses, remittance, cloth expenses, transport expenses and food expenses.

Abstract

The General Household Survey is a brainchild of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and is often referred to as regular survey carried out on quarterly basis by the NBS over the years. In recent times, starting from 2004 to be precise, there is a collaborative effort between the NBS and the CBN in 2004 and 2005 and in 2006 the collaboration incorporated Nigerian Communications commission (NCC). The main reason of for conducting the survey was to enable the collaborating agencies fulfil their mandate in the production of current and credible statistics, to monitor and evaluate the status of the economy and the various government programmes such as the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The collaborative survey also assured the elimination of conflicts in data generated by the different agencies and ensured a reliable, authentic national statistics for the country.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The GHS was implemented as a NISH module. Six replicates were studied per State while three replicates were studied in the FCT, Abuja. With a fixed-take of 10 HUs systematically selected per EA, 600 HUs thus were selected for interview per State and 300 for FCT, Abuja. Hence, nationally, a total of 21,900 HUs drawn from the 2,190 cut across the rural and urban sectors.

The sample design for the survey derives from the National Integrated Survey of Household (NISH) developed by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The NISH design employed a replicated sampling design that is technique by which many sample (replicates) were selected independently from a population such that each replicate sample represents the population.

Essentially, the NISH sample design is a 2-stage replicated and rotated cluster sample design with Enumeration Areas (EAs) as first stage sampling unit or Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Housing Units the second stage sampling units (secondary sampling units). Generally, for each state of the Federation, the NISH Master Sample is made up of 120 EAs drawn in 12 replicates. A replicate consists of 10 EAs.

• Selection Procedures:

The EAs demarcated by the National Population Commission (NpopC) for the 1991 Population Census served as the primary Sample Frame for the design.

• First Stage Selection:

Sixty EAs were selected with equal probability from the list of EAs in each state of the federation and 30 EAs for FCT, Abuja. The selected EAs cuts across rural and urban sectors. The study EAs for the collaborative survey were drawn from replicates 7,8,9,10,11 and 12 of the master sample of each state.

• Second Stage Selection:

In each selected EA, a listing of housing units was carried out. The result provided the frame for the second stage selection. Ten housing units were selected systematically in each EA after the completion of the listing exercise. Thereafter, all the households within the selected HUs were interviewed using GHS questionnaire. Out of the expected 2,190 EAs, 1,883 were studied.

Out of the 21,900 housing units expected to be covered, 18,826 were canvassed.

Sampling deviation

Variance Estimate (Jackknife Method)

Estimating variances using the Jackknife method will require forming replicate from the full sample by randomly eliminating one sample cluster [Enumeration Area (EA) at a time from a state containing k EAs, k replicated estimates are formed by eliminating one of these, at a time, and increasing the weight of the remaining (k-1) EAs by a factor of k/(k-1). This process is repeated for each EA.

For a given state or reporting domain, the estimate of the variance of a rate, r, is given by k Var(r ) = (Se)2 = 1 S (ri - r)2 k(k-1) i=1

where (Se) is the standard error, k is the number of EAs in the state or reporting domain.

r is the weighted estimate calculated from the entire sample of EAs in the state or reporting domain.
ri = kr - (k - 1)r(i), where

r(i) is the re-weighted estimate calculated from the reduced sample of k-1 EAs.

To obtain an estimate of the variance at a higher level, say, at the national level, the process is repeated over all states, with k redefined to refer to the total number of EAs (as opposed to the number in the states).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire for the GHS is a structured questionnaire based on household characteristics with some modifications and additions. The House project module is a new addition and some new questions on ICT. The questionnaires were scaned

This section deals with the characteristics of the socio-economic data of Nigerian population, such as demography, education, employment, health, housing condition, fertility, mortality etc. Demographic factors are both determinants and consequences of economic and social development. It has been shown that the study of demographic variables yield important information on the inventories of human resources that are needed for effective development planning.

Cleaning operations

The data editing is in 2 phases namely manual editing before the questionnaires were scanned. This involved using editors at the various zones to manually edit and ensure consistency in the information on the questionnaire. The second editing is the computer editing, this is the cleaning of the already scanned data.

Response rate

On National basis, 85.98 percent response rate was achieved at EA level while 85.96 percent was achieved at housing units level.

Data appraisal

The quality control measures were carried out during the survey, essentially to ensure quality of data. There were three levels of supervision involving the supervisors at the first level, CBN staff, NBS State Officers and Zonal Controllers at second level and finally the NBS/NCC Headquarter staff constituting the third level supervision. Field monitoring and quality check exercises were also carried out during the period of data collection as part of the quality control measures.

Abstract

The 2004 Nigeria DHS EdData Survey (NDES) was a nationally representative sample survey covering 4,268 households, 3,987 parent/guardians, 81 independent children age 13-16, and 9,695 children age 4-16. The primary objective of the 2004 NDES is to provide upto date household-based information on education among children of primary and secondary school age in order to inform the development, monitoring, and evaluation of education programmes in Nigeria. The survey focuses on the factors influencing household decisions about children’s school attendance. In addition, information is available on school attendance, costs of schooling (monetary and non-monetary) and parent/guardian attitudes about schooling. The 2004 NDES was the first education survey of its kind in Nigeria, and was linked to the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The survey report (available under External Resources) presents information on adult educational attainment, children’s characteristics and rates of school attendance, absenteeism among primary school pupils and secondary school students, household expenditures on schooling and other contributions to schooling, and parent/guardian perceptions of schooling, among other topics.

The sample size for both the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey and the 2004 NDES was sufficiently large to provide estimates for indicators at the national level, by urban-rural residence, and at the regional level for most indicators. Twelve survey teams trained by the National Population Commission (NPC), in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Education (FMOE), conducted the survey from February to July 2004.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Individuals Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for the 2004 NDES is based on the sampling frame for the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey, which was designed to provide estimates of health and demographic indicators for the country as a whole, urban and rural areas, and six geo-political zones (hereafter referred to as regions). This discussion will first address the sample design for the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey, then the subsequent design for the 2004 NDES.

The 2003 Nigeria DHS sample points (clusters) were systematically selected from a list of enumeration areas (EAs) defined in the 1991 Population Census. A total of 365 clusters was drawn from the census sample frame. After selecting the 365 clusters, the NPC trained teams to conduct the comprehensive listing of households and to update maps in the selected clusters. Following the listing operation, households to be included in the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey were selected, with the number of households selected per cluster being inversely proportional to the size of the cluster. In the 2003 Nigeria DHS sampling frame, the number of households by region was disproportional to population size, in order to have adequate numbers of cases for reporting by region. For both the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey and the 2004 NDES, the sample was constructed to allow for separate estimates for key indicators in each of the six geo-political regions in Nigeria (North Central, North East, North West, South East, South South, and South West), with the result that the sample is not selfweighting at the national level.

Of the 365 clusters selected for the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey, 362 were successfully sampled. For the 2004 NDES, all of the 362 clusters completed for the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey were selected, and within those clusters, all households with children in the eligible child age range (4-16) were selected, comprising 4,563 households with one or more children age 4-16. Of these 362 clusters, 360 clusters were successfully completed for the 2004 NDES.

Sampling deviation

Of the 4,563 potential households selected, the 2004 NDES fieldwork teams successfully interviewed 4,268 households. The main reason that potential households were not interviewed was that the household had moved.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used for the 2004 NDES: 1. The Household Questionnaire 2. The Parent/Guardian Questionnaire 3. The Eligible Child Questionnaire 4. The Independent Child Questionnaire These are all available under Appendix D of the Survey Report available under External Resources.

The Household questionnaire listed all of the people who were members of the household at the time the household was surveyed during the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey. The three purposes of the 2004 NDES Household Questionnaire were to: - Confirm that the household was the same household surveyed by the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey; - Identify which children were eligible (qualified) to be covered by the Eligible Child Questionnaire and those eligible to have anthropometric and literacy/numeracy data collected about them; and - Identify a parent or guardian as the respondent for each eligible child. Children who were age 4-16 at the time of the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey were eligible to be covered by the Eligible Child Questionnaire. Children age 4-9 at the time of the 2003 Nigeria DHS survey had their height and weight measured, and children age 4-12 were given a literacy/numeracy test.

The Parent/Guardian Questionnaire collected background information on each parent/guardian respondent and on general education issues. Information was collected on the parent/guardian’s age, education, literacy, and religion. Questions were asked about the walking time and distance to the nearest primary and secondary schools, as well as household support of and participation in school activities. Parent/guardians were also asked about their views on school quality, the benefits and disadvantages of schooling, and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS education. In addition, information was collected on each primary school attended by the children for whom the parent/guardian responded, including the school type, location, and the reason for selection of that school.

The Eligible Child Questionnaire collected different kinds of information about each eligible child age 4-16, depending on the child’s schooling status. While the subject of the Eligible Child Questionnaire was the individual child and his/her schooling, the respondent for the questionnaire was the child’s parent/guardian, as the purpose of the questionnaire was to collect information on issues from the parent/guardian’s perspective. Data were collected on the following topics, according to a child’s schooling status: • Schooling background and participation during the 2003-2004 school year (attended school during the 2003-2004 school year, dropped out of school, or never attended school) • Frequency of and reasons for pupil absenteeism, household expenditures on schooling, and other costs of schooling (for children who attended school during the 2002-2003 school year) • Reasons for dropping out of school (for children who had dropped out of school) • Reasons for not attending school during the 2003-2004 school year (for children who had never attended school) • Children’s eating patterns

The Independent Child Questionnaire was used to interview directly a small percentage of the children age 13-16 in the selected households, rather than collecting information from a parent/guardian respondent. Independent children included those age 13-16 who were the head of the household, or the spouse of the head, or the son-in-law or daughter-in-law of the household head. Because these children did not have a parent/guardian who could answer questions about their schooling decisions, these children were interviewed directly. The same information was collected from these children themselves that otherwise would have been collected in the Eligible Child Questionnaire, and in terms of analysis, the data were grouped with data on other children in the eligible child age range.

The questionnaires were translated from English into three local languages—Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Pretest training and fieldwork took place from 22 September to 4 October, 2003. For this exercise, six interviewers were trained (two per local language). The questionnaires were tested in Awka and Nibo (in Anambra State), Ibadan (in Oyo State), and Kano (in Kano State) in all languages, including English.

Cleaning operations

All questionnaires for the NDES were returned to the NPC headquarters in Abuja for data processing. Data processing consisted of office editing, the coding of open-ended questions, data entry, verification, and correcting of the computer-identified errors. A team of two data entry supervisors, a questionnaire administrator, three office editors, and ten data entry clerks processed the data. Data entry and editing started in late February, using the computer package CSPro (Census and Survey Processing System), which was specifically designed to process data from large-scale household surveys of this type. Data tables were produced using CSPro.

Response rate

A total of 4,354 households were occupied, of which 4,268 were successfully interviewed, for an overall response rate of 98 percent. The household response rate was similar in urban and rural areas. In the interviewed households, 9,695 children were found and Eligible Child Questionnaires were completed for all of these children. In addition, 90 independent children were identified and interviews were completed with 81 of them, producing a response rate of 90 percent.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1)

Abstract

The 1999 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives: • To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Nigeria at the end of the decade and for looking forward to the next decade; • To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established at the World Summit for Children and a basis for future action; • To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Nigeria and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is conceptualized to monitor the progress of Child Survival, Development, Protection and Participation (CSPPD) Programmes as well as goals set at the World Summit for Children in 1990. Also, at the World Summit for Social Development in 1995, the need was stressed for better social statistics if social development had to move to centre stage for the cause of the children of the world. In 1995, Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) with technical and funding assistance from UNICEF, institutionalized the Multiple Indicator Survey within the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) as a process of collection of regular, reliable and timely social statistics. A technical team, the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Intersectoral Task Force (MIT), consisting of all stakeholders was put in place for the 1999 survey to plan, conduct and monitor the survey with FOS providing the leadership. This was an innovation over the previous survey, which greatly enhanced the quality of the work and coverage of programmes.

Nevertheless, this report would have been impossible without the commitments of the following organizations and individuals. Firstly, members of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Inter-sectoral Taskforce (MIT) which facilitated the conduct and over-seeing of the survey. UNICEF Nigeria which gave technical support in the areas of data processing and analysis and report writing through hiring of consultants that worked closely with FOS teams.

This report is another dream to match deeds with words. This report is also unique in the sense that the findings will allow comparison of performance at sub-national (state) and inter national levels. The report will additionally serve as statistical input into future editions of Progress of Nigerian Children Report and UNICEF's State of the World's Children. It is hoped that it will be widely used by various levels of government, Federal and State for programmes and projects monitoring and evaluation on social development and reengineering for the development of the cause of Nigerian Children. It is also an excellent report for top policy formulators and programme managers in the key social sectors.

Geographic coverage

Nigeria is Africa's most populous nation with an estimated 1999 population of 124 million. The country is located in West Africa, bordered on the west by the Republic of Benin, on the north by the Republic of Niger and on the East by the Republic of Cameroun. The country occupies a land area of 923, 768 square kilometres and the vegetation ranges from mangrove forest on the coast to desert in the far north.

Administratively, Nigeria consists of 36 states and a Federal Capital territory. These are further divided into 774 local government areas (LGA). For most of her history since independence in 1960, Nigeria has been under military rule. Nigeria returned to democratic rule in May 1999 under a presidential system of government with three tiers of government: federal, state and local. The federal government comprises an executive arm (led by the President), a bicameral legislative arm (Senate and House of Representatives) and a judiciary. Each state has its own governor and house of assembly while each local government has a chairman and council.

The country has abundant natural resources. Major agricultural products include cocoa, rubber, groundnuts, palm oil, cotton, cassava, yam, corn, millet and rice. Mineral resources include petroleum, coal, tin, columbite and gold. However, petroleum has been the mainstay of foreign exchange earnings for Nigeria in the last three decades. Indeed, Nigeria is the sixth largest producer of crude oil in the world and earns several billion US dollars annually from sales of crude oil alone. However, this has not translated to a healthy national economy due to decades of mismanagement and corruption under dictatorial government by successive military regimes. Thus, at the end of the decade (1999), GDP was only US $310. Nigeria's external debt stood at about $32 billion and it was estimated that the government spends about 40% of its earnings servicing foreign debts. The economic hardship during the 1990's meant that social sector spending was far less than required. The health and education sectors, in particular, were deprived of much needed support and funding. It is only with the advent of democratic governance at the end of the decade that the social sector started receiving increased attention.

Nigeria has one of the most ethnically-diverse populations in the world, with more than 380 distinct ethnic groups. The major ethnic groups include (in alphabetical order) the Edo, Efik, Fulani, Hausa, Igbo, Ijaw, Kanuri, Tiv, Urhobo and Yoruba. Population growth has been quite rapid, from 55.7 million in the 1963 national census to 88.5 million in the 1991 census. For much of this period, total fertility rate was over 6 per woman. The population is quite young with 47 percent being under 18 years of age. Children under the age of five years comprise about 20 percent of the population and women of child bearing age another 20 percent of the population.

Under-five mortality has remained over 100 per thousand over the 1990's, being 192 per thousand in 1990 (NDHS 1990) and 147 per thousand in 1995 (MICS 1995). Maternal mortality ratio was estimated to be 800 per thousand in 1995 (The Progress of Nations 1995). Over one-third (36 percent) of under-five children were underweight in 1990. Thus, social indicators show that Nigeria is a country with low GDP, high external debt burden, high child and maternal mortality and high fertility.

Analysis unit

Household level

Universe

2.1 Sample Design 2.1.1 Introduction of NISH Design 1993/99

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 1999 was run as a module of the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) design. NISH is the Nigerian version of the United Nations National Household Survey Capability Programme and is a multi-subject household based survey system. It is an ongoing programme of household based surveys enquiring into various aspects of households, including housing, health, education and employment. The programme started in 1981 after a pilot study in 1980. The design utilizes a probability sample drawn using a random sampling method at the national and sub-national levels.

The main features of the NISH design are:

Multi-Phase Sampling: In each state 800 EAs were selected with equal probability as first phase samples. A second phase sample of 200 EAs was selected with probability proportional to size.

Multi-Stage Sampling Design: A two-stage design was used. Enumeration Areas were used as the first stage sampling units and Housing Units (HUs) as the second stage sampling units.

Replicated Rotatable Design: Two hundred EAs were selected in each state in 10 independent replicates of 20 EAs per replicate. A rotation was imposed which ensured 6 replicates to be studied each survey year but in subsequent year a replicate is dropped for a new one, that is, a rotation of 1/6 was applied. This means in a survey year, 120 EAs will be covered in each state. In the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja), 60 EAs are covered.

Master Sample: The EAs and HUs selected constitute the Master Sample and subsets were taken for various surveys depending on the nature of the survey and the sample size desired. In any one-year, the 120 EAs are randomly allocated to the 12 months of the year for the survey. The General Household Survey (GHS) is the core module of NISH. Thus, every month 10 EAs are covered for the GHS. For other supplemental modules of NISH, subsets of the master sample are used. The MICS 1999 was run as a module of NISH.

2.1.2 Sample Size

The global MICS design anticipated a sample of 300-500 households per district (domain). This was based on the assumption of a cluster design with design effect of about 2, an average household size of 6, children below the age of 5 years constituting 15 percent of the population and a diarrhoea prevalence of 25 percent. Such a sample would give estimates with an error margin of about 0.1 at the district level. Such a sample would usually come from about 10 clusters of 40 to 50 households per cluster.

In Nigeria, the parameters are similar to the scenario described above. Average household size varied from 3.0 to 5.6 among the states, with a national average of about 5.5. Similarly, children below 5 years constituted between 15-16 percent of total population. Diarrhoea prevalence had been estimated at about 15 percent. These figures have led to sample sizes of between 450 and 660 for each state.

It was decided that a uniform sample of 600 households per state be chosen for the survey. Although non-response, estimated at about 5 percent from previous surveys reduced the sample further, most states had 550 or more households. The MICS sample was drawn from the National Master Sample for the 1998/99 NISH programme implemented by the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS).

The sample was drawn from 30 EAs in each state with a sub-sample of 20 households selected per EA. The design was more efficient than the global MICS design which anticipated a cluster

Abstract

Four federal agencies namely, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Federal Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development (FMA&RD), and Federal Ministry of Commerce (FMC), jointly conducted three survey rounds through the National Survey of Agricultural Exportable crop Commodities (NSAEC). It is believed that the survey results would give both government and non-governmental agencies ample opportunity to address the paucity of reliable agricultural data in Nigeria.

The survey included 14 export crops: cashew, cocoa, coffee, garlic, ginger, groundnut, arabic gum, palm oil, rubber, sesame seeds, shea nuts, sugar cane, and tea.

This dataset is based on the third round of the National Survey of Agricultural Export Commodities. Previous rounds were conducted in 2002/2003 and 2004/2005.

The major objectives of the survey included:

i. To ascertain the spread of the cultivation of each of the fourteen export crops within Nigeria in terms of area cultivated by state.

ii. To provide national baseline data on agricultural export commodities.

iii. To provide structural data on agricultural export commodities in Nigeria.

iv. To obtain socio-economic data and demographic characteristics of holders within households.

v. To provide production estimates at national and state levels.

Geographic coverage

National and state

Analysis unit

Household

Universe

Household export crop holders

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A 2-stage sample design was employed.

In the first stage, 192 Local Government Areas (LGAs) from the complete list of 774 LGAs were selected nationwide. Next 10 enumeration areas (EAs), demarcated by the National Population Commission during the 1991 population census, were systematically selected from each sampled LGA, for a total of 1,920 EAs.

In the second stage, 10 export crop farming housing units were systematically selected from each sampled EA (provided there were more than 10 farming housing units in the EA). Where there were 10 or less farming housing units no selection was required, and all available housing units were studied.

Sampling deviation

Of the expected 1,920 EAs only 1,855 were found to have export crops and were eventually studied. Out of the 18,550 export crop farm housing units expected to be covered, 16,310 were canvassed.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Agricultural Holding Questionnaire:

Section I: Holding Identification Section Ii: Access to Land
Section Iii: Source of Funds
Section Iv: Export Crop Farming Section Vii: Market Channel Section Viii: Quantity Sold Section X: Quantity Consumed
Section Xi: Use of Fertilizer
Section Xii: Use of Pesticides Section Xiii: Use of Improved Seedling/Seed

Some modifications were made on the 2003 questionnaire.

Cleaning operations

All questionnaires were retrieved from the field by the enumerators and submitted to the sub-offices. Next the questionnaires were organized according to EAs and were taken to the NBS state offices and finally to the zonal offices. Three NBS zonal headquarters (Ibadan, Kaduna and Enugu) were chosen for the last destination of retrieval of the questionnaires. In the case of southwest and north-central zones were merged together for the submission their records at NBS zonal headquarters in Ibadan. Northwest and northeast zones were combined to submit their records at NBS zonal headquarters in Kaduna. Finally, the southeast and southern zones were joined together to submit their records to NBS zonal headquarters in Enugu.

The completed questionnaires were collated and edited manually:

a. Office editing and coding were done by the editor using visual control of the questionnaire before data entry b. Imps was used to design the data entry template provided as an external resource c. Six operators plus two supervisor and two programmers were used d. Six machines were used for data entry e. After data entry, supervisors run frequencies on each section to see that all the questionnaire were entered f. Conversion programs were written to convert the data to SPSS also provided as an external resource

Response rate

On a national basis, 100% response rate was acheived at the LGA level and 96.61% at the EA level. While 87.92% was acheived at the export crop farming housing units level.

Sampling error estimates

No sampling error estimate

Abstract

Worldwide, the Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Survey (CWIQ) is designed to collect household data useful in quantitatively profiling the well-being of the population. The 2006 Nigerian CWIQ was a nationwide sample survey conducted to produce welfare indicators for the population at national and sub-national levels, particularly Zones, States and Senatorial Districts. The Survey compliments 2004 Nigerian Living Standards Survey (NLSS) by NBS which profiled poverty in the country.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Community, household, individual

Universe

Households and usual residents from households in the nationally sampled area.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The National CWIQ Survey 2006 was designed with Local Government Area (LGA) serving as the reporting domain. Data were then aggregated to give estimates at Federal Constituency (FC), Senatorial, State, zonal (geo-political) and national levels. Basically, a 2-stage cluster sample design was adopted in each LGA. Enumeration Areas (EAs) formed the 1st stage or Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) while Housing Units (HUs) formed the 2nd stage or Ultimate Sampling Units (USUs). The EAs as demarcated by the National Population Commission (NPopC) for the 1991 Population Census served as the sampling frame for the selection of 1st stage sample units. In each LGA, a systematic selection of 10 EAs was made. Prior to the second stage selection, complete listing of Housing Units (and of Households within Housing Units) was carried out in each of the selected 1st stage units. These lists provided the frames for the second stage selection. Ten (10) HUs were then systematically selected per EA and all households in the selected HUs were interviewed.

Sampling deviation

However, only 75,929 households were completely enumerated and this gave a response rate of 98.5 per cent, the remaining 1.5 per cent were recorded cases of respondents not at home, refusals, household not located, moved away and others.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three main instruments were designed for and used during the survey. They included the CWIQ questionnaire, the interviewer’s manual and the supervisor’s manual. The generic scannable CWIQ questionnaire was adapted to suit the country situation. Some modifications were however, made in the questionnaire after the survey in Benue. The modified questionnaire was then used for the CWIQ survey in Abia, Cross-River, Ekiti, Kebbi, Kogi, Yobe, Jigawa and Enugu in May to August 2002. The States covered in year 2003 were repeated for the year 2004. These include Abia, Cross-River, Gombe, Kebbi, Osun and Plateau States. Further modifications was done to the questionnaire in may 2005, there was total overhaul of some sections and the reference number was pre printed and at the same time reduced to 4 digit; while a new methodology which used hand printing recognition was adapted.

The questionnaire served as the main data collection instrument and captured the minimum information that allowed for identification of targets groups, provision of basic welfare indicators for measuring poverty and the capturing of information which measured access, utilization and satisfaction with services provided. The questionnaire did not cover measurement of indicators on child nutrition through anthropometric measurements. This was mainly due to inability to procure early enough, the necessary anthropometric equipment, namely, rollameter, microtoise and mother-and-child weighing scale.

Cleaning operations

During scanning, the scanner took an image of each page of the questionnaire through form processing software (Teleform), which subsequently evaluated the scanned images. Evaluated images that suggested possible errors in the questionnaire were verified and corrected by the data entry operator. Typical errors included unidentified pages that could not be evaluated; unrecognisable hand printed characters or bubbles, which were not completely shaded. The time required for image evaluation and subsequent verification depended on how well and legibly the questionnaire was filled in.

After all potential errors for an EA had been verified by the data entry operator; the data from the questionnaires was transferred to a shared folder in the desktop computer. The output of the scanner was then checked for consistency, omission, skips and other errors; the data was not transferred to the database until all such errors were corrected.

Response rate

A total of 77,062 households were covered from a sample of 77,400 households giving the survey a coverage rate of 99.6 per cent. However, only 75,929 households were completely enumerated and this gave a response rate of 98.5 per cent, the remaining 1.5 per cent were recorded cases of respondents not at home, refusals, household not located, moved away and others. 59,567 households were covered in the rural areas with a response rate of 98.7 per cent while 17,495 households were covered in the urban areas with a response rate of 98.0 per cent. Out of all the six zones, it was only the South-east that has the least response rate of 97.4 per cent followed by South-south with 97.9 per cent. The highest response rate is from the North-east with 99.1 per cent, followed by North-west 99.0 per cent, South-west 98.8 per cent, and North Central 98.4 per cent. Out of all the States Imo State has the least response rate of 94.2 per cent with 2,690 households and Kogi State has the highest response rate of 100.0 per cent.