Historical dataset showing Nigeria clean water access by year from 2000 to 2022.

In Nigeria, about ** percent of the population used at least basic drinking water services as of 2022. This means that nearly eight out of 10 Nigerians used an improved drinking water source, where collection time is not more than ** minutes for a round trip, including queuing. Furthermore, around ** percent of individuals in Nigeria used improved drinking water sources available when needed.

According to a survey conducted in 2020, the main source of water for household use in Nigeria is tube well or borehole. This is slightly more common in urban areas than in rural areas. Other common sources of water are protected or unprotected dug well, public tap or standpipe, and surface water, like a river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal or irrigation channel.

Nigeria NG: Population with Access to Improved Drinking Water Sources: % of Total Population data was reported at 22.000 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 21.000 % for 2019. Nigeria NG: Population with Access to Improved Drinking Water Sources: % of Total Population data is updated yearly, averaging 18.000 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2020, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.000 % in 2020 and a record low of 14.000 % in 2001. Nigeria NG: Population with Access to Improved Drinking Water Sources: % of Total Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.OECD.GGI: Social: Access to Services: Non OECD Member: Annual.

Nigeria NG: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data was reported at 54.015 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 52.490 % for 2014. Nigeria NG: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data is updated yearly, averaging 42.576 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 54.015 % in 2015 and a record low of 31.138 % in 2000. Nigeria NG: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: Rural: % of Rural Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. The percentage of people using at least basic water services. This indicator encompasses both people using basic water services as well as those using safely managed water services. Basic drinking water services is defined as drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.; ; WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).; Weighted average;

Actual value and historical data chart for Nigeria People Using Basic Drinking Water Services Percent Of Population

Nigeria NG: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: % of Population data was reported at 67.345 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 66.056 % for 2014. Nigeria NG: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 57.177 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67.345 % in 2015 and a record low of 46.077 % in 2000. Nigeria NG: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Health Statistics. The percentage of people using at least basic water services. This indicator encompasses both people using basic water services as well as those using safely managed water services. Basic drinking water services is defined as drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.; ; WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).; Weighted average;

In Nigeria, about ** percent of the population had limited handwashing facilities as of 2021. By comparison, about ** percent Nigerians had no handwashing facility at home. Moreover, ** percent used unimproved sanitation facilities. In terms of population size, Nigeria is among the countries worldwide with the largest number of people lacking this facility.

In Nigeria, the majority of households did not treat water for safe drinking in 2020. Water treatment could, among others, decrease the risk of disease. In a survey conducted that year, ** percent of Nigerian households declared not to treat water before drinking.

In Nigeria, some of the most common sources of drinking water are tube wells, boreholes, and dug wells. The sources of drinking water also change based on the season. For instance, during the dry season it is more common to acquire drinking water from tanker trucks and water vendors, from bottles, or from the surface. During the rainy season, instead, it is considerably more popular to collect rainwater.

Abstract

The main objective of this assignment is to document the proportion of Nigerians that have access to safe water and sanitation facilities and those who otherwise, do not have, according to the following definitions:

i. Access to Water Supply: The availability of at least 20litres per person per day of improved water supply from a source within 250 metres of user's dwelling.

ii. Access to Sanitation: Sanitation can be defined as the availability of improved disposal facilities of human wastes that can effectively prevent human, animal and insect contact with the human wastes.

iii. Improved Water Supply: The following technologies are included in the assessment as representing improved water supply: a) Household Connections, b) Public standpipes, Borehole, Protected dug Well, Protected Spring, and Rainwater harvesting.

iv. Not- Improved Water Supply: The following technologies are considered “not improved”: a) Unprotected well, b) Unprotected spring, Vendor-provided water, c) Bottled water, Tanker truck-provided water, d) streams and ponds.

v. Improved Sanitation: The following technologies are considered “improved”, a) Connection to a public sewer, b) Connection to septic system, c) Pour-flush latrine, d) Simple pit latrine* e) Sanplat*, f) Ventilated improved pit latrine.

vi. Not-Improved Sanitation: The following technologies are considered “not improved”: a) Service or bucket latrines (where excreta are manually removed), b) Latrines with an open pit, c) defecation in

Geographic coverage

National Zone State Lga

Analysis unit

State and Lga analysis

Universe

Households in all the 8,800 Political Wards,a total of twenty-two (22) houses for the ward

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Households in all the 8,800 Political Wards spread across the 774 LGAs in 36 states and FCT will be surveyed. The Baseline Consultants shall administer survey questionnaires to take stock of sources of drinkable water, the volume/cost of water consumption; the sanitation facility and occurrences of water related diseases in household surveyed.

SELECTION OF LOCATION AND HOUSEHOLDS

The Baseline Consultants shall sensitize members of the community through the councillors and other recognized leaders about the exercise to forestall any suspicion or misconception about the survey. Baseline supervisors shall document the survey process in each community by stating the names of councillors, community leaders met, list of all communities identified in each political ward and the ones selected for survey, without forgetting to state all the problems encountered in the survey process.

A typical Nigerian settlement, regardless of its population is either a multi community ward or a multi ward community. But in either case, the Baseline Consultants should ensure that the selection of the households take into cognisance the geographical spread and socio-economic variance of the ward. It should be noted that in every ward, the selected houses shall be enumerated through a transect walk and the first sampling element, which shall be the first house on the right or left, will determine the subsequent ones to be selected.

MULTI COMMUNITY WARD

The Baseline Consultants shall go through the list of all communities or villages in each ward out of which two (2) shall be randomly selected. Starting with the first community, a minimum of eleven (11) houses shall be systematically selected from the listed households, after determining the sample interval. The sampling interval for the community shall be determined by dividing the total number of houses in it by eleven (11). This process shall be repeated for the second community to arrive at a total of twenty-two (22) houses for the ward.

MULTI WARD COMMUNITY

The Baseline Consultants shall go through the list of streets, quarters, discrete areas, housing estates, or haphazardly located homes with no identifiable streets in the ward, where a random sample of 22 houses shall be systematically selected.

However, where there are no streets, the Baseline Consultants shall demarcate the ward into appropriate blocks and select two blocks randomly. The houses in each block shall be listed and eleven (11) houses systematically selected.

Sampling deviation

No deviations

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The data collection forms are: 1. Form 01 (Water Supply Facility Survey): To capture the location, attributes, and operational status of water supply facilities. 2. Form 02 (Water Supply Agency Operational Survey): To collect data on the profile of water agencies in the state, in terms of production assets, capacity utilization, manpower; and financial sustainability. 3. Form 03 (Sanitation Facility Survey): To capture the location, types and conditions of sanitation facilities. 4. Form 04 (Water Related Diseases Survey): To collect data on reported cases of water related diseases from health institutions. 5. Form 05 (Household Survey): To capture data on the proportion of households that have access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities and prevalence of water related diseases in each community.

Cleaning operations

The report was not accessable as at the time of archiving

Response rate

Unable to calculate the response rate because the report was not accessable as at the time of archiving

Sampling error estimates

The report was not accessable as at the time of archiving

Data appraisal

The report was not accessable as at the time of archiving

Nigeria NG: People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data was reported at 19.402 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 19.427 % for 2014. Nigeria NG: People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 19.012 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.430 % in 2013 and a record low of 16.774 % in 2000. Nigeria NG: People Using Safely Managed Drinking Water Services: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Health Statistics. The percentage of people using drinking water from an improved source that is accessible on premises, available when needed and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.; ; WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).; Weighted average;

People using at least basic drinking water services, urban (% of urban population) in Nigeria was reported at 93.67% in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Nigeria - People using at least basic drinking water services, urban (% of urban population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Nigeria NG: Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Water, Unsafe Sanitation and Lack of Hygiene: per 100,000 Population data was reported at 68.600 Ratio in 2016. Nigeria NG: Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Water, Unsafe Sanitation and Lack of Hygiene: per 100,000 Population data is updated yearly, averaging 68.600 Ratio from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. Nigeria NG: Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Water, Unsafe Sanitation and Lack of Hygiene: per 100,000 Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank: Health Statistics. Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene is deaths attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene focusing on inadequate WASH services per 100,000 population. Death rates are calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total population. In this estimate, only the impact of diarrhoeal diseases, intestinal nematode infections, and protein-energy malnutrition are taken into account.; ; World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory Data Repository (http://apps.who.int/ghodata/).; Weighted average;

In Nigeria, women usually go to fetch water from the source, compared to other members of the household. In a survey conducted in 2020, ** percent and ** percent of the households were Nigerian adult women and female children, respectively, who often fetched water for their household.

The Nigeria MDG (Millennium Development Goals) Information System – NMIS water facility data is collected by the Office of the Senior Special Assistant to the President on the Millennium Development Goals (OSSAP-MDGs) in partner with the Sustainable Engineering Lab at Columbia University. A rigorous, geo-referenced baseline facility inventory across Nigeria is created spanning from 2009 to 2011 with an additional survey effort to increase coverage in 2014, to build Nigeria’s first nation-wide inventory of water facility. The database includes 132,510 water facilities info in Nigeria.

The goal of this database is to make the data collected available to planners, government officials, and the public, to be used to make strategic decisions for planning relevant interventions.

For data inquiry, please contact Ms. Funlola Osinupebi, Performance Monitoring & Communications, Advisory Power Team, Office of the Vice President at funlola.osinupebi@aptovp.org

To learn more, please visit http://csd.columbia.edu/2014/03/10/the-nigeria-mdg-information-system-nmis-takes-open-data-further/

Suggested citation: Nigeria NMIS facility database (2014), the Office of the Senior Special Assistant to the President on the Millennium Development Goals (OSSAP-MDGs) & Columbia University

Lack of adequate access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) has contributed to increased under-five mortality and morbidity of school-age children in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the global and national intervention programs, access to safe WASH remains a critical challenge in Nigeria. This study employed spatial and non-spatial statistics to establish causal relationships between WASH conditions and household factors in Nigeria. Results show that a large proportion of Nigerian households were still associated with unimproved hygiene (88%), sanitation (47%) and water (25%). Wealth status, literacy level and residency type exhibit significant causal relationships with households’ water sources (α = 0.000). Wealth status and the gender of household head exhibit significant causal relationships with sanitation condition (α = 0.000) and hygiene condition (α = 0.004 and α = 0.345, respectively). However, the computed parameter Degree of Dependence (DoD_j) shows that the choice of water sources mostly depends on residency type (DoD_j = 0.998) compared with the level of education and wealth status (DoD_j = 0.535 and 0.485, respectively). Statistical indices show that the implemented regression models are reliable (with models’ DoD of 0.714–0.996, Adjusted R2 of 0.184–0.762 and Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) of 68–103). The study concludes that a high risk of unimproved WASH is associated with rural residence, which is usually characterised by a low level of education, poverty and large household size. It further concludes that the high prevalence of unimproved hygiene, irrespective of the household wealth status and educational level, suggests the need for proper health and hygiene education. This study suggests the need for a more focused policy action towards empowering rural and vulnerable households in Nigeria with relevant preventive environmental and health information and appropriate social support for the communities.

The main focus of this data presentation is to describe the quality of drinking water in Omu-Aran, Kwara State. The water quality index was also employed as an important informational tool and was evaluated using Weighted Average Water Quality Index (WAWQI) to represent the groundwater quality in the study area using ten parameters namely pH, Turbidity, DO, Nitrite, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total hardness, Chloride, Fluoride and Total Coliform. The drinking water quality index values range from 19.5 - 97.8 and from 31.7 – 201.7 for both dry and wet seasons respectively. WQI distribution of water samples throughout sampling period suggest that 64 % of water samples were of good quality, 20% of ground water samples were considered as excellent, 4 % fall under poor category while 12 % are classified as unsuitable for drinking.

Comprehensive dataset containing 13 verified Drinking water supplier businesses in Nigeria with complete contact information, ratings, reviews, and location data.

The geodata represents the hydrography network of Nigeria. Scale: 1:1,000,000