The NLSY97 standalone data files are intended to be used by crime researchers for analyses without requiring supplementation from the main NLSY97 data set. The data contain age-based calendar year variables on arrests and incarcerations, self-reported criminal activity, substance use, demographic variables and relevant variables from other domains which are created using the NLSY97 data. The main NLSY97 data are available for public use and can be accessed online at the NLS Investigator Web site and at the NACJD Web site (as ICPSR 3959). Questionnaires, user guides and other documentation are available at the same links. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) was designed by the United States Department of Labor, comprising the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) Series. Created to be representative of United States residents in 1997 who were born between the years of 1980 and 1984, the NLSY97 documents the transition from school to work experienced by today's youths through data collection from 1997. The majority of the oldest cohort members (age 16 as of December 31, 1996) were still in school during the first survey round and the youngest respondents (age 12) had not yet entered the labor market.

NLSY97 follows the lives of a sample of American youth born between 1980-1984 first interviewed in 1997. This ongoing cohort has been surveyed 20 times by 2022, and continues to be interviewed biennially. Two subsamples comprise the cohort: one which was designed to be representative of people living in the United States during the initial survey round and another designed to oversample individuals who are Black and Hispanic or Latino.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Tom Harris

Contents

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. This study is an analysis of 13 waves of data retrieved from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 survey (NLSY97) in order to examine the influence of marriage on immigrant offending trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. There were three specific research questions considered: Are second generation immigrants entering into marriage at a slower pace than their first generation immigrant peers? What role does marriage play in understanding immigrant offending? Is the relationship between marriage and offending affected by immigrant generation or country/region of birth (i.e., nativity)? Distributed here is the code used for the secondary analysis and the code to compile the datasets.

Since the mid-1960s, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has sponsored several longitudinal surveys to track the behavior of various segments of the population in the labor market. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) is part of this s

The primary purpose of the five sets of surveys that comprise the National Longitudinal Surveys is the collection of data on the labor force experience of specific age-sex groups of Americans: Older Men aged 45-59 in 1966, Mature Women aged 30-44 in 1967, Young Men aged 14-24 in 1966, Young Women aged 14-24 in 1968, and Youth aged 14-21 in 1979. Each of the 1960s cohorts has been surveyed 12 or more times over the years, and the Youth cohort has been surveyed yearly since 1979. The major topics covered within the surveys of each cohort include: (1) labor market experience variables (including labor force participation, unemployment, job history, and job mobility), (2) socioeconomic and human capital variables (including education, training, health and physical condition, marital and family characteristics, financial characteristics, and job attitudes), and (3) selected environmental variables (size of labor force and unemployment rates for local area). While the surveys of each cohort have collected data on the above core sets of variables, cohort-specific data have been gathered over the years focusing on the particular stage of labor market attachment that each group was experiencing. Thus, the surveys of young people have collected data on their educational goals, high school and college experiences, high school characteristics, and occupational aspirations and expectations, as well as military service. The surveys of women have gathered data on topics such as fertility, child care, responsibility for household tasks, care of parents, volunteer work, attitudes towards women working, and job discrimination. As the older-aged cohorts of men and women approached labor force withdrawal, surveys for these groups collected information on their retirement plans, health status, and pension benefits. Respondents within the 1979 Youth cohort have been the focus of a number of special surveys, including the collection of data on: (1) last secondary school attended, including transcript information and selected aptitude/intelligence scores, (2) test scores from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), (3) illegal activities participation including police contacts, and (4) alcohol use and substance abuse. Finally, the 1986 and 1988 surveys of the Youth cohort included the administration of a battery of cognitive-socioemotional assessments to the approximately 7,000 children of the female 1979 Youth respondents. Data for the five cohorts are provided within main file releases, i.e., Mature Women 1967-1989, Young Women 1968-1991, Young Men 1966-1981, Older Men 1966-1990, and NLSY (Youth) 1979-1992. In addition, the following specially constructed data files are available: (1) a file that specifies the relationships among members of the four original cohorts living in the same household at the time of the initial surveys, i.e., husband-wife, mother-daughter, brother-sister, etc., (2) an NLSY workhistory tape detailing the week-by-week labor force attachment of the youth respondents from 1978 through the most current survey date, (3) an NLSY child-mother file linking the child assessment data to other information on children and mothers within the NLSY, (4) a supplemental NLSY file of constructed and edited fertility variables, (5) a women's support network tape detailing the geographic proximity of the relatives, friends, and acquaintances of 6,308 female NLSY respondents who were interviewed during the 1983-1985 surveys, and (6) two 1989 Mature Women's pension file detailing information on pensions and other employer-provided benefits. (Source: ICPSR, retrieved 07/05/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR at https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR07610.v1. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

Average wave-to-wave transitions for full NLSY-97 analytic sample.

Demographic characteristics of NLSY subjects under age 16.

The first goal of this study was to identify the most appropriate measure of cigarette smoking for identifying unique smoking trajectories among adolescents; the second goal was to describe the resulting trajectories and their characteristics. Using 15 annual waves of smoking data in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we conducted an exploratory latent class growth analysis to determine the best of four outcome variables for yearly smoking (cigarettes per day on days smoked, days smoked per month, mean cigarettes per day, and total cigarettes per month) among individuals aged 12 to 30 (n = 8,791). Days smoked per month was the best outcome variable for identifying unique longitudinal trajectories of smoking and characteristics of these trajectories that could be used to target different types of smokers for prevention and cessation. Objective statistics were used to identify four trajectories in addition to never smokers (34.1%): experimenters (13.6%), quitters (8.1%), early established smokers (39.0%), and late escalators (5.2%). We identified a quitter and late escalator class not identified in the only other comparable latent class growth analysis. Logistic regressions were used to identify the characteristics of individuals in each trajectory. Compared with never smokers, all trajectories except late escalators were less likely to be black; experimenters were more likely to be out of school and unemployed and drink alcohol in adolescence; quitters were more likely to have a mother with a high school degree/GED or higher (versus none) and to use substances in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as a young adult; early established smokers were more likely to have a mother with a high school diploma or GED, be out of school and unemployed, not live with both parents, have used substances, be depressed, and have peers who smoked in adolescence and to have children as young adults and less likely to be Hispanic and to have ever married as young adults; and late escalators were more likely to be Hispanic, drink alcohol, and break rules in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as young adults. Because of the number of waves of data analyzed, this analysis provided a clearer temporal depiction of smoking behavior and more easily distinguishable smoking trajectories than previous analyses. Tobacco control interventions need to move beyond youth-focused approaches to reach all smokers.

Adjusted odds of trajectory membership for all significant covariates (with 95% confidence intervals).

Note: n’s were calculated at baseline (1999); Victimization score and biological parents weremeasured before the participant turned 18; income, and prestige were measured over the entire survey period and are time-varyingaProportions of each group in samplebCumulative years of two biological parents in the house before age 18cMaximum number of years of education of father or motherdProportion of participants in any post-secondary education over the 11 year (i.e., persons could be enrolled in more than one year)Demographic Information of Sample: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1999–2009 (N = 8,901).

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. This study examines several explanations for the observed racial/ethnic disparities in drug arrests, the consequences of drug arrest on subsequent drug offending and social bonding, and whether these consequences vary by race/ethnicity. The study is a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97). Distributed here are the codes used for the secondary analysis and the code to compile the datasets. Please refer to the codebook appendix for instructions on how to obtain all the data used in this study.

Project Overview Adolescence is a critical period for political development. Different political attitudes, political behaviors, and political interests tend to develop during adolescence and persist into adulthood. Welfare participation is associated with lower political participation and pessimistic views of politics among adults, yet we have not uncovered the extent to which welfare participation in adolescence affects political outcomes in adulthood. This project aims to address the disconnect in the literature between what we know about the effects of welfare program experiences and what we know about individual political development. Data and Data Collection Overview The broader project relied on both qualitative and quantitative data, including secondary data from the American National Election Studies (ANES), the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) cohort, and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), which are not included here. The original data collected by the depositing researcher are included, as described below. The qualitative data included a focus group with seven participants and individual interviews with 30 other individuals recruited by the researcher. Interviews were chosen so that participants could be more comfortable sharing personal experiences in a private setting. This data collection technique also allowed the researcher to keep conversations on topic and to ask probing and follow-up questions more easily. The focus group technique was chosen to provide for interactions among the participants involved, thus allowing participants to react to each other’s experiences and comments, and going beyond top-of-mind themes for any one participant. Participants in Round 1 (including those in the focus group and individual interviews) and Round 2 were recruited from the undergraduate student body at a large midwestern public university (N=7), as well as from a local community college (N=13). They were recruited through IRB-approved mass emails to the undergraduate student bodies. Participants in the Round 3 data collection (N=10) were recruited from the sample of Qualtrics panel respondents who completed the Adolescent Hardship and Politics Attitudes Survey (AHPAS; more detail below). Among the ten individuals interviewed in Round 3, five were on welfare during their adolescence, and the other five were not on welfare but grew up in poverty. The Round 1 and Round 2 questionnaire data include the pseudonyms that were selected by participants from a list. The participants in Round 3 chose any name they wanted as a pseudonym. A list of Round 3 names chosen is included as documentation, so that they can be paired with the unique ID code that was used as part of the AHPAS survey. There were two key original quantitative data sources. First, the quantitative data included national-level survey data called the Adolescent Hardship and Political Attitudes Survey (AHPAS), fielded by the researcher via Qualtrics Research Services ( https://www.qualtrics.com/support/survey-platform/distributions-module/online-panels/ ). The AHPAS sample consisted of 1,137 respondents recruited by Qualtrics, who were surveyed in January 2025. About half of the sample had experienced means-tested welfare programs during adolescence, while the other half had not been on welfare, but was in poverty during the period. Second, quantitative data were separately derived from a questionnaire about political attitudes and demographic factors that interview participants from the Round 1 and Round 2 qualitative data collection also completed. After receiving IRB approval, a recruitment email was distributed with a screener survey to identify individuals with adolescent welfare program experience. Participants were selected based on the extent of their program experience (indexed in terms of number of programs used), as well as their availability to participate in the focus group or an interview. Participants were offered a $25 gift card incentive for their participation. To protect confidentiality and privacy, participants selected a pseudonym to use in the subsequent focus group The focus group and interview transcripts were analyzed using Atlas.ti. The transcripts were coded by combining deductive and inductive coding approaches. Selection and Organization of Shared Data Data files shared in this deposit include: The de-identified transcripts from the focus group discussion and the three rounds of individual interviews, all labeled with participants’ chosen pseudonyms, along with the researcher-collected questionnaire data from the same participants. The original national-level quantitative data from the AHPAS used for analysis are also shared, in a raw and clean version, in .dta and .csv formats. The Original version has the uncoded variables in it, while in the Clean version, the variables are coded/labeled, although there is no separate codebook. Secondary users who want to...

The study assesses the extent of commonalities between individuals who become involved in violent extremist groups and criminal gangs, and the processes by which individuals engage in each group. Following this comparison, the extent to which the empirical results support the potential for anti-gang programs to bolster the resilience of communities against violent extremism and other forms of crime is assessed. Quantitative assessment was conducted by comparing individuals included in the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) dataset with a subset of individuals drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) along a number of demographic, social, and socioeconomic characteristics. Supplementary survey data was also collected from 45 former and current gang members in the United States concurrently with long-form interviews, covering a range of variables including background characteristics, demographic information, and attitudes among the respondents.

Means, standard deviations, and percentages for full sample and siblings only sample.

Yearly Occupational Prestige Scores and Income of Sample: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1999–2009.

Results of population poisson models with total maternal partners.

Results of hybrid sibling poisson models, various partner specifications.

Multivariate Path Model of the Indirect and Total Effects of Parent Highest Education and Respondent Victimization on Prestige and Annual Income: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1999–2009 (N = 80,018 time points nested in 8,901 persons).

aCumulative years of two biological parents in the house before age 18bMaximum number of years of education of father or mothercProportion of participants in any post-secondary educationNote: X indicates multiplication and is used to describe interaction effects. Variables interacted with themselves (e.g., year X year) represent non-linear effects of those predictors on outcomes.Multivariate Linear Regression of the Effect of Victimization on Changes in Prestige and Annual Income: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1999–2009 (N = 80,018 time points nested in 8,901 persons).