Storm Data is provided by the National Weather Service (NWS) and contain statistics on personal injuries and damage estimates. Storm Data covers the United States of America. The data began as early as 1950 through to the present, updated monthly with up to a 120 day delay possible. NCDC Storm Event database allows users to find various types of storms recorded by county, or use other selection criteria as desired. The data contain a chronological listing, by state, of hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, hail, floods, drought conditions, lightning, high winds, snow, temperature extremes and other weather phenomena.

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Other Collections. The data include parameters of database with a geographic _location of . The time period coverage is from Unavailable begin date to Unavailable end date in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study _location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

When severe weather occurs in the United States, there are networks of humans and sensors that observe and report the events and their details to the National Weather Service. These storm reports are aggregated and archived by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. With over 1.7 million records over 70 years, the Storm Events Database is the most comprehensive, official record of severe weather in the U.S. This layer is a simplified version of the full database, providing information on:DateLocationEvent TypeNumber of injuries and deathsEstimated property damageEvent/episode summariesUse the NOAA Storm Events Database Explorer ArcGIS Dashboard for a more interactive data exploration. Known Data Quality Issue: approximately 650,000 of the 1.71 million features do not include latitude or longitude values in the original NOAA data source. To address these issues in the 2021 data update, the following has been done:Use the county and state fields the geolocate unknown locations using the ArcGIS World Geocoding Service. These events will all appear at the county centroid. There are a total of 646,039 records in this category. The field LatLon Known describes if an original geolocation was provided (Yes) or if it was generated per above (No).Marine (CZ_Type = M) locations without a known lat/lon were not included. There are a total of 3,987 records in this category. For related archives of weather information, please see the Windstorm Points and Paths, Hailstorm Points and Paths, and Historical Hurricane layers.Data caveatsPer NCEI, the "National Weather Service receives their information from a variety of sources, which include but are not limited to: county, state and federal emergency management officials, local law enforcement officials, skywarn spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public, among others." However, these sources are all population-dependent, and many severe weather events are assumed to not be reported in areas of low population. Not only does this bias occur across space, but also across time as many areas had lower populations in the mid-20th Century, and more advanced networks and reporting methods have evolved with technology.

The Severe Weather Data Inventory (SWDI) is an integrated database of severe weather records for the United States. SWDI enables a user to search through a variety of source data sets in the NCDC (now NCEI) archive in order to find records covering a particular time period and geographic region, and then to download the results of the search in a variety of formats. The formats currently supported are Shapefile (for GIS), KMZ (for Google Earth), CSV (comma-separated), and XML. The current data layers in SWDI are: Storm Cells from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product); Hail Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product); Mesocyclone Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Meso Product); Digital Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm from NEXRAD (Level-III MDA Product); Tornado Signature from NEXRAD (Level-III TVS Product); Preliminary Local Storm Reports from the NOAA National Weather Service; Lightning Strikes from Vaisala NLDN.

• Update Frequency: Weekly

Data from this dataset can be downloaded/accessed through this dataset page and Kaggle's API.

Context

Severe weather is defined as a destructive storm or weather. It is usually applied to local, intense, often damaging storms such as thunderstorms, hail storms, and tornadoes, but it can also describe more widespread events such as tropical systems, blizzards, nor'easters, and derechos.

The Severe Weather Data Inventory (SWDI) is an integrated database of severe weather records for the United States. The records in SWDI come from a variety of sources in the NCDC archive. SWDI provides the ability to search through all of these data to find records covering a particular time period and geographic region, and to download the results of your search in a variety of formats. The formats currently supported are Shapefile (for GIS), KMZ (for Google Earth), CSV (comma-separated), and XML.

Content

The current data layers in SWDI are:
- Filtered Storm Cells (Max Reflectivity >= 45 dBZ) from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product)
- All Storm Cells from NEXRAD (Level-III Storm Structure Product)
- Filtered Hail Signatures (Max Size > 0 and Probability = 100%) from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product)
- All Hail Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Hail Product)
- Mesocyclone Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III Meso Product)
- Digital Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm from NEXRAD (Level-III MDA Product)
- Tornado Signatures from NEXRAD (Level-III TVS Product)
- Preliminary Local Storm Reports from the NOAA National Weather Service
- Lightning Strikes from Vaisala NLDN

Disclaimer:
SWDI provides a uniform way to access data from a variety of sources, but it does not provide any additional quality control beyond the processing which took place when the data were archived. The data sources in SWDI will not provide complete severe weather coverage of a geographic region or time period, due to a number of factors (eg, reports for a location or time period not provided to NOAA). The absence of SWDI data for a particular location and time should not be interpreted as an indication that no severe weather occurred at that time and location. Furthermore, much of the data in SWDI is automatically derived from radar data and represents probable conditions for an event, rather than a confirmed occurrence.

Acknowledgements

Dataset Source: NOAA. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source — http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy — and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Cover photo by NASA on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

The Storm Events Database is an integrated database of severe weather events across the United States from 1950 to this year, with information about a storm event's location, azimuth, distance, impact, and severity, including the cost of damages to property and crops. It contains data documenting: The occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce Rare, unusual, weather phenomena that generate media attention, such as snow flurries in South Florida or the San Diego coastal area Other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occur in connection with another event. Data about a specific event is added to the dataset within 120 days to allow time for damage assessments and other analysis. For preliminary data about storms within the last 120 days, see the preliminary storm reports dataset from the Storm Prediction Center. You can find more detailed information about the dataset, including the list of the 40 possible storm event types, by looking at the documentation published by the National Weather Service. Though every effort is made to ensure the dataset is as complete as possible, some storm events are missing. Use of the data should cite NOAA and NESDIS/NCEI as the dataset creator and the Severe Weather Data Inventory as the dataset. This public dataset is hosted in Google BigQuery and is included in BigQuery's 1TB/mo of free tier processing. This means that each user receives 1TB of free BigQuery processing every month, which can be used to run queries on this public dataset.

From https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

Storm Events Database

The Storm Events Database contains the records used to create the official NOAA Storm Data publication, documenting:

• The occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce;

• Rare, unusual, weather phenomena that generate media attention, such as snow flurries in South Florida or the San Diego coastal area; and

• Other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occur in connection with another event.

The database currently contains data from January 1950 to September 2020, as entered by NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS). Due to changes in the data collection and processing procedures over time, there are unique periods of record available depending on the event type. NCEI has performed data reformatting and standardization of event types but has not changed any data values for locations, fatalities, injuries, damage, narratives and any other event specific information. Please refer to the Database Details page for more information.

This layer has been updated with an improved version available here. When severe weather occurs in the United States, there are networks of humans and sensors that observe and report the events and their details to the National Weather Service. These storm reports are aggregated and archived by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. With over 1.7 million records over 70 years, the Storm Events Database is the most comprehensive, official record of severe weather in the U.S. This layer is a simplified version of the full database, providing information on:DateLocationEvent TypeNumber of injuries and deathsEstimated property damageEvent/episode summariesFor related archives of weather information, please see the Windstorm Points and Paths, Hailstorm Points and Paths, and Historical Hurricane layers.Data caveatsPer NCEI, the "National Weather Service receives their information from a variety of sources, which include but are not limited to: county, state and federal emergency management officials, local law enforcement officials, skywarn spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public, among others." However, these sources are all population-dependent, and many severe weather events are assumed to not be reported in areas of low population. Not only does this bias occur across space, but also across time as many areas had lower populations in the mid-20th Century, and more advanced networks and reporting methods have evolved with technology.

Overview of Data Sources

Flooding Event Data: The flooding event summaries were developed using the NOAA Storm Events Database, available for download at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information website. While there are many weather events provided in the NOAA Storm Events Database, only the following values were selected for inclusion in the locality summaries: coastal flood, flash flood, flood, heavy rain, hurricane (typhoon), and tropical storm. Detailed descriptions of event types are provided in Appendix A of NOAA's National Weather Service documentation. The data included in this summary includes events recorded from January 1996 through August 2021.

FEMA National Flood Insurance Program Claims: The NFIP claims data were obtained through the FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims data, available through the OpenFEMA data portal. The data used in this analysis was last updated December 6, 2021.

While every effort has been made to obtain current information about the flood events and flood insurance claims contained herein, no representation or assurance is made regarding the accuracy of the underlying data. Please contact HRDPC staff with questions regarding this dashboard product.

Storm Data is provided by the National Weather Service (NWS) and contain statistics on...

This is a component of the StoryMap "The Storm Data Journey: How Storm Events Enter the Database." This map highlights the fictional data journey of a storm report from Arkansas to NCEI in Asheville.

Currently filtered for Storm Date is after 12/1/2023Purpose: This is a feature layer of tornado swaths for the NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.The National Weather Service (NWS) Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT) has been utilized experimentally since 2009 to assess damage following tornadoes and convective wind events. The DAT is a GIS-based framework for collecting, storing, and analyzing damage survey data, utilizing the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale for the classification of damage. Data collected from individual locations via mobile device are transmitted to a central geospatial database where they are quality controlled and analyzed to assign the official EF rating. In addition to the individual point, the data are analyzed to generate track centerlines and damage swaths. High resolution satellite imagery and radar data, through partnership with the NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center, are also available to aid in the analysis. The subsequent dataset is then made available through a web-based graphical interface and GIS services.Here is the full REST service: https://services.dat.noaa.gov/arcgis/rest/services/nws_damageassessmenttoolkitGeoplatform website: https://communities.geoplatform.gov/disasters/noaa-damage-assessment-toolkit-dat/More InformationWelcome to the National Weather Service Damage Assessment Toolkit. Data on this interface is collected during NWS Post-Event Damage Assessments. While the data has been quality controlled, it is still considered preliminary. Official statistics for severe weather events can be found in the Storm Data publication, available from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/IPS/sd/sd.html Questions regarding this data can be addressed to: parks.camp@noaa.gov.

This repository contains the input data used in the Jupyter notebook downloadable from Github here.

Such input data consists in two main datasets:

• A raw (global and regional) flood reports from four different databases.
• A global daily rainfall analysis from NOAA (CPC_GLOBAL_PRCP_v1.0).

The Jupyter notebook runs a Python code that post-processes the raw flood reports, using information extracted from other datasets, to select some reports of interest (mainly regarding pluvial and flash floods). At a later stage, such reports are merged into a single database for global pluvial/flash flood reports. The Jupyter notebook also runs a Metview-Python code to visualize partial and final results as map plots.

The four original databases are:

1. FloodList, FL (Global domain): http://floodlist.com/
2. Emergency Events Database, EMDAT (Global domain): https://www.emdat.be/
3. European Severe Weather Database, ESWD (Europe): https://www.essl.org/cms/european-severe-weather-database/
4. Storm Events Database, SED (USA): https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/

NOTE: For more details about these databases (documentation, licenses, etc.), look at the README.md file.

NOTE: The data in this repository is intended for an exclusive NON-COMMERCIAL academic or personal use, and it is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License. For more information, look at the LICENSE.md file.

This dataset contains event history for floods in Utah based on the NOAA weather database. It has been dis-aggregated to census place for alignment with other compatible databases in order to analyze local history and experience. The readme file elaborates on the methods of disaggregation. It includes data from 1997-2014, but more reliable data is separated for 2010-2014 after a change in NWS procedure and event recognition.

SEVIR is an annotated, curated and spatio-temporally aligned dataset containing over 10,000 weather events that each consist of 384 km x 384 km image sequences spanning 4 hours of time. Images in SEVIR were sampled and aligned across five different data types: three channels (C02, C09, C13) from the GOES-16 advanced baseline imager, NEXRAD vertically integrated liquid mosaics, and GOES-16 Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) flashes. Many events in SEVIR were selected and matched to the NOAA Storm Events database so that additional descriptive information such as storm impacts and storm descriptions can be linked to the rich imagery provided by the sensors.

This contains synthetically generated distribution networks and weather data, as well as real world weather data that was use to trained the model in the paper "Predicting Extreme Weather-Induced Outages in Distribution Networks Using Graph-Based Neural Network Models".Six synthetic distribution networks were generated, using NREL Shift in Orange County, FL and consist of mainly urban topologies. Synthetic weather events were generated using uniform distributions for weather features to explore a range of potential conditions. Wind speeds were sampled from 0 to 120 mph, and precipitation levels were sampled from 0 to 70 mm. Real-world weather events were selected from the NOAA Storm Events Database. The selected events included tropical storms, flash floods, and high winds in Orlando, FL.

This is a running database of all tornadoes that have occurred in the Huntsville Forecast Area from 1950 through 2024. This database will be update each year in January to include previous year's tornado data. The database incorporates charts for quick analysis and filters to help sort through tornado intensity as well as monthly/yearly tornado occurrences. Source Data is from the official NCDC Storm Event Database and research conducted by Thomas P. Grazulis. A few tornadoes prior to 1970 were extrapolated from the original description in the Storm Event Publications from NCDC.

During the late afternoon and evening of 23 July 2010, an intense supercell storm produced severe wind gusts, an EF0 tornado, and extremely large hail as it tracked southeastward across south-central South Dakota. The largest hailstone preserved from the storm was found in Vivian, SD and would go on to set United States records for maximum weight and diameter. The dataset is taken directly from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database. The Storm Events Database contains the records used to create the official NOAA Storm Data publication.

This dataset comprises a collection of modified secondary datasets that were used to construct the Weather and Climate Profiles for the FloodWise Communities project. The nature and source for each dataset is summarized below.

1. "Climate Trend Graph Data". Contains annual average temperature and rainfall for various regions of the Gulf Coast, regions defined by the Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program. Comma Separated (csv) temperature and precipitation data were downloaded for each region from 1895-2021, though only data values from 1950-2020 were used for the Weather and Climate Profiles. These data were used to create versions of SCIPP's Climate Trend Graphs that were bespoke to these Profiles, so that contrasts between regional and city/county-level climate trends in each Profile could be drawn.

2a. "Observations and Projections". Contains annually and seasonally averaged temperature and rainfall metrics for each recruited city/county for the FloodWise Communities project, as available through the South Central Applied Climate Information System (SC-ACIS). Observations from 1991 to 2020 of various temperature and precipitation metrics were extracted, in order to compute an historical average climate state, and an historical average climate change, for each recruited city/county. These data were prepared in csv format.

2b. "Observations and Projections". Contains annually and seasonally averaged temperature and rainfall metrics obtained from an ensemble of the GCM-RCMs that contributed to the North American CORDEX (NA-CORDEX) project. These climate model data were averaged over a Mid-Century (2041-2070) and an End-Century (2071-2100) period, in order to produce a range of projected changes in temperature and precipitation for each recruited city/county. The grid points from the NA-CORDEX's regular grid that were nearest to each recruited city/county were used to compute the same metrics as those using the SC-ACIS data, and saved to the same respective csv files. Each csv file was used to produce a table of historical and projected changes in temperature and precipitation, for inclusion in each recruited city/county's Weather and Climate Profile.

1. "FloodFactor Maps". Contains maps of categorical flood risk for each city/county recruited for the FloodWise Communities project, as produced by First Street Foundation. Permission was given by First Street Foundation to use and modify outputs from their FloodFactor product for the purpose of this project. FloodFactor maps for each recruited city/county were modified by circling properties at particular risk of being flooded, in order to draw the readers' attention to these properties.

2. "Sea Level Rise Maps". Contains maps of flooded land areas resulting from a potential 10 feet of sea level rise, as available in NOAA's Sea Level Rise Viewer. These maps were modified by circling particular areas of cities/counties that would be badly affected by this much sea level rise (e.g., bridges, properties surrounding river deltas, urban centers), again to draw the readers' attention to them.

3. "Severe Weather Tables". Contains tables of severe weather events that affected each city/county between 1991 and 2020, drawn from event summaries available in NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database. Each table contains five specific weather events (e.g., hurricanes, thunderstorms, floods) that had high financial impact, and/or caused many human casualties, within this 30-year period. These tables serve to contextualize the types of severe weather that each recruited city/county has the potential to experience for its respective Profile.

On the evening of 28 March 2000, two tornados struck Fort Worth, Arlington, and Grand Prairie, Texas. The Fort Worth Tornado touched down west of the city, and moved through the downtown area. The tornado was rated an F2 on the Fujita scale at its strongest point. The Arlington tornado started as an F3, and varied from F2 to F0 throughout its 6.5 mile track. The damages from these tornados was estimated at $450 million in the Fort Worth area. 5 F2's, and 8 F0-F1's. While southern Louisiana's annual average for tornados is 13 (1950-1995), it hosted 12 tornados on 1-2 January. All of the tornados were indicated by WSR-88D radars in Lake Charles and Fort Polk,

Louisiana. The average lead time was an impressive 24 minutes. There was one fatality in Texas, but, given the severity of the outbreak and the fact that it happened overnight, it is fortunate that there were not more people injured or killed.

For more information, see: http://data.eol.ucar.edu/codiac/projs?COMET_CASE_028