Researchers depend on observed regularities in macroeconomic data to guide the development of theory. One problem in developing monetary models of the business cycle is that there seems to be a great deal of instability in nominal data. Using data from 1959:Q1 to 1998:Q4, the authors document changes in the cyclical behavior of nominal data series that appear after 1979:Q3, when the Federal Reserve implemented a policy to end the acceleration of inflation. Such changes in cyclical behavior were not apparent in real variables. The authors conclude that in order to find regularities in nominal datasets, it may be necessary to examine and compare episodes with similar monetary policy regimes.

Key information about United States Nominal GDP

• United States Nominal GDP reached 6,621.6 USD bn in Mar 2023, compared with 6,534.5 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Nominal GDP in US is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1947 to Mar 2023, with an average number of 1,057.5 USD bn.
• The data reached an all-time high of 6,621.6 USD bn in Mar 2023 and a record low of 60.8 USD bn in Mar 1947.

• In the latest reports, US GDP expanded 1.6 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 5.4 % in Mar 2023.
• US GDP Per Capita reached 59,484.0 USD in Dec 2017.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 15.9 % in Mar 2023.
• For Nominal GDP contributions, Investment accounted for 20.7 % in Mar 2023.
• Public Consumption accounted for 14.1 % in Mar 2023.
• Private Consumption accounted for 67.9 % in Mar 2023.

These are nominal yield curves, obtained by fitting a parametric form to the prices of off-the-run nominal Treasury coupon securities. The data are available at daily frequency, from 1961 to present.

Key information about Brazil Nominal GDP Growth

• Brazil Nominal GDP Growth was reported at 9.591 % in Dec 2024.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 7.961 % for Sep 2024.
• Brazil Nominal GDP Growth data is updated quarterly, averaging 11.216 % from Mar 1991 to Dec 2024, with 136 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4,442.072 % in Jun 1994 and a record low of -4.053 % in Jun 2020.
• Brazil Nominal GDP Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Nominal GDP: Y-o-Y Growth: Quarterly.

This dataset provides values for GDP NOMINAL reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) – 42 trading partners – is the weighted average of bilateral nominal exchange rates against the currencies of 42 selected trading partners. The data are presented as 3-year % change, 1-year % change and index 2015=100. Data source: Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN).

Graph and download economic data for Nominal Gross Domestic Product for United States (NGDPNSAXDCUSQ) from Q1 1950 to Q1 2025 about GDP and USA.

While in 2018, digitally transformed enterprises accounted for 13.5 trillion U.S. dollars of the global nominal GDP, in 2023 they are forecast to account for 53.3 trillion U.S. dollars, more than half of the overall nominal GDP. This signals that digital supremacy in the global economy is near.

Digital transformation: benefits and necessity  

Among many other benefits, digital transformation is essential for helping businesses to create better customer experiences as well as improve their process efficiency through automation. Digitally transformed enterprises are equipped to drive new revenue and stay ahead of the competition. The difficult economic situation brought about by the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, however, has made digital transformation a necessity rather something nice to have - leading DX activities has become CIOs’ top task to help business preserve through the COVID disruption.

Digital transformation challenges   

Despite evidence of widespread benefits through digital transformation, its implementation is not without challenges. Businesses worldwide cite skill gaps and cultural differences as major challenges in their pursuit of digital transformation.A lack of clarity on transformation strategy and insufficient alignment across organizational departments are top reasons as to why some businesses stall momentum in their digital transformation efforts.

Nominal effective exchange rate, Morocco / Broad basket

CPI Price, nominal in United States was reported at 147 in 2025, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - CPI Price, nominal - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

United States - Nominal Potential Gross Domestic Product was 45188.50000 Bil. of $ in October of 2035, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Nominal Potential Gross Domestic Product reached a record high of 45188.50000 in October of 2035 and a record low of 274.03395 in January of 1949. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Nominal Potential Gross Domestic Product - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Nominal Gross Domestic Product for United States (NGDPXDCUSA) from 1950 to 2024 about GDP and USA.

Being relatively new to the field, electromechanical actuators in aerospace applications lack the knowledge base compared to ones accumulated for the other actuator types, especially when it comes to fault detection and characterization. Lack of health monitoring data from fielded systems and prohibitive costs of carrying out real flight tests push for the need of building system models and designing affordable but realistic experimental setups. This paper presents our approach to accomplish a comprehensive test environment equipped with fault injection and data collection capabilities. Efforts also include development of multiple models for EMA operations, both in nominal and fault conditions that can be used along with measurement data to generate effective diagnostic and prognostic estimates. A detailed description has been provided about how various failure modes are inserted in the test environment and corresponding data is collected to verify the physics based models under these failure modes that have been developed in parallel. A design of experiment study has been included to outline the details of experimental data collection. Furthermore, some ideas about how experimental results can be extended to real flight environments through actual flight tests and using real flight data have been presented. Finally, the roadmap leading from this effort towards developing successful prognostic algorithms for electromechanical actuators is discussed.*

Nominal Effecive Exchange Rate in United States was reported at 131 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Nominal Effecive Exchange Rate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Key information about Brazil Nominal GDP

• Brazil Nominal GDP reached 486.1 USD bn in Mar 2023, compared with 490.6 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Nominal GDP in Brazil is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1990 to Mar 2023, with an average number of 284.6 USD bn.
• The data reached an all-time high of 680.4 USD bn in Jun 2011 and a record low of 89.3 USD bn in Mar 1991.

• In the latest reports, Brazil GDP expanded 2.3 % YoY in Dec 2022.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 9.8 % in Dec 2022.
• Brazil GDP Per Capita reached 8,936.2 USD in Dec 2022.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 12.4 % in Dec 2022.
• For Nominal GDP contributions, Investment accounted for 14.9 % in Dec 2022.
• Public Consumption accounted for 20.5 % in Dec 2022.
• Private Consumption accounted for 64.5 % in Dec 2022.

CPI Price, nominal in Czech Republic was reported at 167 in 2025, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Czech Republic - CPI Price, nominal - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Nominal effective exchange rate, Brazil / Broad basket

Nominal Effecive Exchange Rate in Brazil was reported at 66.2 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Brazil - Nominal Effecive Exchange Rate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Nominal Effecive Exchange Rate in Turkey was reported at 6.0468 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Turkey - Nominal Effecive Exchange Rate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Employed full time: Median usual weekly nominal earnings (second quartile): Wage and salary workers: 16 years and over (LES1252881500Q) from Q1 1979 to Q1 2025 about second quartile, full-time, salaries, workers, earnings, 16 years +, wages, median, employment, and USA.