Differential analyses on the HS-EBP dimension scores from a normative sample of Spanish physiotherapists.

One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test to compare the means of the total scores of each of the 6 categories (clusters) concerning the % of time spent on daily practice activities, and weekly working hours.

Bibliometric data in CSV format and R code for analysis of resilience capacities

Croatian Web Dictionary – Mrežnik is a free, corpus-based, born-digital, monolingual, easily searchable, hypertext, normative online dictionary of the Croatian standard language. It consists of three modules: for adult native speakers of Croatian, schoolchildren, and non-native speakers of Croatian. It is the central meeting point of the existing language resources of the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics, but also of the language resources created within the project. From 1st March 2017 to 31st August 2021 the work on Mrežnik has been financed by the Croatian Science Foundation.

In addition to the functional aspects of healthcare integration, an understanding of its normative aspects is needed. This study explores the importance of values underpinning integrated, people-centred health services, and examines similarities and differences among the values prioritised by actors across Europe. Explorative cross-sectional design with quantitative analysis. A questionnaire of 18 values was conducted across Europe. A total of 1,013 respondents indicated the importance of each of the values on a nine-point scale and selected three most important values. Respondents were clustered in four actor groups, and countries in four European sub-regions.The importance scores of values ranged from 7.62 to 8.55 on a nine-point scale. Statistically significant differences among actor groups were found for ten values. Statistically significant differences across European sub-regions were found for six values. Our analysis revealed two clusters of values: ‘people related’ and ‘governance and organisation’. The study found that all 18 values in the set are considered important by the respondents. Additionally, it revealed distinctions in emphasis among the values prioritised by actor groups and across sub-regions. The study uncovered two clusters of values that contribute to a conceptually based definition of integrated, people-centred health services.

Reliability indicators of HS-EBP questionnaire dimensions and % explained variance for each factor.

The research project develops work on the association of security and development priorities, by exploring how a heavily militarised response to the outbreak of Ebola has influenced experiences of citizenship amongst socio-economically marginal youth in Sierra Leone. Drawing on a variety of disciplines, from medical anthropology to security studies and political sociology, this study will probe into the nature of state-society relation in times of 'crisis'. In so doing it will analyse both normative definitions of citizenship created through emergency policy interventions and the everyday negotiations and contestations of citizenship by marginal youth living in a constant state of emergency.

The Ebola outbreak that has overwhelmed West Africa since 2014 came only a decade after the end of a devastating civil war in Sierra Leone. The cyclical nature of crisis has been linked to structural fragilities, including weak institutions unable to gain the trust of large populations living in poverty. This has made Sierra Leone emblematic of the increasing trend in international development policy that treats poverty reduction as a security priority aimed at mitigating threats to national and international stability. Young people living on the margins have been especially affected by the increasing depiction of poverty as a security risk. First, as they were identified as potential recruits in rebel armies, and secondly as they were seen as vessels of disease during an Ebola outbreak characterised by urban contagion. Young people's recent experiences of a militarised Ebola response thus offer a fascinating entry-point into the study of how crisis creates citizens in a developing country.

While much has been written on the processes whereby security and development priorities have become intertwined, much less is known about how these dynamics impact target populations. This study will thus explore how the securitisation of poverty influences definitions, negotiations and experiences of citizenship in Sierra Leone. This means firstly understanding how the proclamation of states of emergency influences normative definitions of citizenship. Secondly, it means exploring how living under emergency shapes how citizens relate to their sovereign authority and how they negotiate their position in a fragile political community. Through ethnographic research in two locations heavily affected by the outbreak (Freetown & Kambia) the study explores young people's everyday interactions with state institutions and their resulting definitions, negotiations and expectations of citizenship.

This paper is concerned with linear time-invariant (LTI) sampled-data systems (by which we mean sampled-data systems with LTI generalised plants and LTI controllers) and studies their H 2 norms from the viewpoint of impulse responses and generalised H 2 norms from the viewpoint of the induced norms from L 2 to L ∞. A new definition of the H 2 norm of LTI sampled-data systems is first introduced through a sort of intermediate standpoint of those for the existing two definitions. We then establish unified treatment of the three definitions of the H 2 norm through a matrix function G(τ) defined on the sampling interval [0, h). This paper next considers the generalised H 2 norms, in which two types of the L ∞ norm of the output are considered as the temporal supremum magnitude under the spatial 2-norm and ∞-norm of a vector-valued function. We further give unified treatment of the generalised H 2 norms through another matrix function F(θ) which is also defined on [0, h). Through a close connection between G(τ) and F(θ), some theoretical relationships between the H 2 and generalised H 2 norms are provided. Furthermore, appropriate extensions associated with the treatment of G(τ) and F(θ) to the closed interval [0, h] are discussed to facilitate numerical computations and comparisons of the H 2 and generalised H 2 norms. Through theoretical and numerical studies, it is shown that the two generalised H 2 norms coincide with neither of the three H 2 norms of LTI sampled-data systems even though all the five definitions coincide with each other when single-output continuous-time LTI systems are considered as a special class of LTI sampled-data systems. To summarise, this paper clarifies that the five control performance measures are mutually related with each other but they are also intrinsically different from each other.

Clusters detected using the HS-EBP dimension scores (total sum and 1–10 scale).

Descriptive statistics of factor scores of the HS-EBP questionnaire from the Spanish physiotherapist sample.

Handgrip strength is an important biomarker of healthy ageing and a powerful predictor of future morbidity and mortality both in younger and older populations. Therefore, the measurement of handgrip strength is increasingly used as a simple but efficient screening tool for health vulnerability. This study presents normative reference values for handgrip strength in Germany for use in research and clinical practice. It is the first study to provide normative data across the life course that is stratified by sex, age, and body height. The study used a nationally representative sample of test participants ages 17–90. It was based on pooled data from five waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel (2006–2014) and involved a total of 11,790 persons living in Germany (providing 25,285 observations). Handgrip strength was measured with a Smedley dynamometer. Results showed that peak mean values of handgrip strength are reached in men’s and women’s 30s and 40s after which handgrip strength declines in linear fashion with age. Following published recommendations, the study used a cut-off at 2 SD below the sex-specific peak mean value across the life course to define a ‘weak grip’. Less than 10% of women and men aged 65–69 were classified as weak according to this definition, shares increasing to about half of the population aged 80–90. Based on survival analysis that linked handgrip strength to a relevant outcome, however, a ‘critically weak grip’ that warrants further examination was estimated to commence already at 1 SD below the group-specific mean value.

Bhatia, Lim and Yamazaki obtained results on the norm minimality of the Kubo-Ando Heinz means of positive semidefinite matrices. Namely, they proved that |||A♯αB+A♯1−αB|||≤|||AαB1−α+A1−αBα|||,for α∈(0,1), in the case of the Schatten 1-norm or 2-norm. In this article, we refine these results via the matrix function in the definition of the Rényi divergence. We show that four different types of inequalities hold, under certain conditions, for Schatten 1- and 2-norms.

The processing of idiomatic expressions is a topical issue in empirical research. Various factors have been found to influence idiom processing, such as idiom familiarity and idiom transparency. Information on these variables is usually obtained through norming studies. Studies investigating the effect of various properties on idiom processing have led to ambiguous results. This may be due to the variability of operationalizations of the idiom properties across norming studies, which in turn may affect the reliability of the subjective judgements. However, not all studies that collected normative data on idiomatic expressions investigated their reliability, and studies that did address the reliability of subjective ratings used various measures and produced mixed results. In this study, we investigated the reliability of subjective judgements, the relation between subjective and objective idiom frequency, and the impact of these dimensions on the participants’ idiom knowledge by collecting normative data of five subjective idiom properties (Frequency of Exposure, Meaning Familiarity, Frequency of Usage, Transparency, and Imageability) from 390 native speakers and objective corpus frequency for 374 Dutch idiomatic expressions. For reliability, we compared measures calculated in previous studies, with the D-coefficient, a metric taken from Generalizability Theory. High reliability was found for all subjective dimensions. One reliability metric, Krippendorff’s alpha, generally produced lower values, while similar values were obtained for three other measures (Cronbach’s alpha, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, and the D-coefficient). Advantages of the D-coefficient are that it can be applied to unbalanced research designs, and to estimate the minimum number of raters required to obtain reliable ratings. Slightly higher coefficients were observed for so-called experience-based dimensions (Frequency of Exposure, Meaning Familiarity, and Frequency of Usage) than for content-based dimensions (Transparency and Imageability). In addition, fewer raters were required to obtain reliable ratings for the experience-based dimensions. Subjective and objective frequency appeared to be poorly correlated, while all subjective idiom properties and objective frequency turned out to affect idiom knowledge. Meaning Familiarity, Subjective and Objective Frequency of Exposure, Frequency of Usage, and Transparency positively contributed to idiom knowledge, while a negative effect was found for Imageability. We discuss these relationships in more detail, and give methodological recommendations with respect to the procedures and the measure to calculate reliability.

Objective: Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is generally considered a risk state for dementia, its prevalence and association with dementia are impacted by the number of tests and cut-points used to assess cognition and define “impairment,” and sources of norms. Here, we investigate how these methodological variations impact estimates of incident dementia in adults with bipolar disorder (BD), a vulnerable population with pre-existing cognitive deficits and increased dementia risk. Method: Neuropsychological data from 148 adults with BD and 13,610 healthy controls (HC) were drawn from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. BD participants’ scores were standardized against published norms and again using regression-based norms generated from HC within the same catchment area as individual BD patients (“site-specific norms”), varying the number of within-domain tests (one vs. two) and the cut-points (−1 vs. −1.5 SD) used to operationalize MCI. Results: Site-specific norms were more sensitive to incident dementia (88.6%–94.3%) than published norms (74.3%–88.6%), but only when using a “single test” definition of impairment. Specificity (22.1%–74.3%), accuracy (37.8%–68.9%), and positive predictive values (26.1%–38.3%) were overall poor. Applying a “single test” definition of impairment resulted in better negative predictive values using site-specific (92.3%–93.3%) than published norms (83.6%–86.2%), and a substantial increase in relative risk of incident dementia relative to published norms. Conclusions: Neuropsychologists should define “impairment” as scores below −1.0 or −1.5 SD on at least two within-domain measures when using published norms to interpret cognitive performance in adults with BD.

Means (M), standard deviations (SD), item difficulties (Pi), corrected item-total correlations (rit), and group differences for the F-SozU K-6 items.

Codebook example from the main theme of ‘ambiguity and uncertainty among rehabilitation practitioners in DoC’.

Definition of birth cohorts and historical contexts, Ethiopia.