In the context of the research programme ‘Idiomatic Second Language Acquisition’ (for more information see http://isla.ruhosting.nl), we collected normative data of 374 Dutch idiomatic expressions by 390 native speakers. In an online test, we asked participants to judge various dimensions of idiomatic expressions on a five-point scale: Frequency, Usage, Familiarity, Imageability, and Transparency. In addition, we objectively assessed their knowledge of idiom meaning by means of a multiple choice question (Idiom knowledge recognition). The dataset contains the aggregated results per expression for the 5 subjective dimensions (Frequency, Usage, Familiarity, Imageability, and Transparency) and the objective Idiom knowledge recognition (proportion correct).

This work is part of the research program Free Competition in the Humanities with project number 23000349 NWO ISLA FdL, which is financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

*Mueller et al. [22].

Psychometric properties of the BSI in the Swiss general population.

Differential analyses on the HS-EBP dimension scores from a normative sample of Spanish physiotherapists.

Env_Data_PONE-D-13-50148_081514This dataset in csv format consists of all environmental data (moving average mean temperature, moving average standard deviation of temperature, 24-hr mean relative humidity, 4-hr lag black carbon) linked to each unique participant and date of examination visit used in the analysis. This dataset is sorted by participant ID and date of examination visit.

RBANS total and domain index mean [95% confidence interval] for the total sample and for subgroups.

The Standardized Vocabularies contains records, or Concepts, that uniquely identify each fundamental unit of meaning used to express clinical information in all domain tables of the CDM. Concepts are derived from vocabularies, which represent clinical information across a domain (e.g. conditions, drugs, procedures) through the use of codes and associated descriptions. Some Concepts are designated Standard Concepts, meaning these Concepts can be used as normative expressions of a clinical entity within the OMOP Common Data Model and within standardized analytics. Each Standard Concept belongs to one domain, which defines the location where the Concept would be expected to occur within data tables of the CDM.

Regression analysis of factors associated with RBANS total index score.

One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test to compare the means of the total scores of each of the 6 categories (clusters) concerning the % of time spent on daily practice activities, and weekly working hours.

Handgrip strength is an important biomarker of healthy ageing and a powerful predictor of future morbidity and mortality both in younger and older populations. Therefore, the measurement of handgrip strength is increasingly used as a simple but efficient screening tool for health vulnerability. This study presents normative reference values for handgrip strength in Germany for use in research and clinical practice. It is the first study to provide normative data across the life course that is stratified by sex, age, and body height. The study used a nationally representative sample of test participants ages 17–90. It was based on pooled data from five waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel (2006–2014) and involved a total of 11,790 persons living in Germany (providing 25,285 observations). Handgrip strength was measured with a Smedley dynamometer. Results showed that peak mean values of handgrip strength are reached in men’s and women’s 30s and 40s after which handgrip strength declines in linear fashion with age. Following published recommendations, the study used a cut-off at 2 SD below the sex-specific peak mean value across the life course to define a ‘weak grip’. Less than 10% of women and men aged 65–69 were classified as weak according to this definition, shares increasing to about half of the population aged 80–90. Based on survival analysis that linked handgrip strength to a relevant outcome, however, a ‘critically weak grip’ that warrants further examination was estimated to commence already at 1 SD below the group-specific mean value.

Objective: To detect cognitive “impairment,” neuropsychologists rely on normative data to compare patient performance to “normal” peers. However, the true normality of normative samples may be called into question given the high prevalence of preclinical proteinopathies amongst clinically normal older adults. Given its common use in memory clinics, we aimed to develop a robust California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) normative standard reflecting only the most cognitively stable sample of older adults available. Method: Two hundred and twenty-eight older adults (mean age = 69.9, range = 60–89, 91% White, mean education = 17.6 years) who were clinically normal at baseline and demonstrated clinical stability on longitudinal assessment completed the CVLT at baseline. We applied a standardized algorithm to convert raw scores into normalized scaled scores and then regressed on age, sex, and education using fractional polynomial modeling. Results: There were significant main effects of age and sex across CVLT metrics, but not education. Means and standard deviations were higher and less variable in our robust normative data than the data used to create the CVLT-II and CVLT-3 normative standards. Conclusions: These norms set a higher standard for what should be considered “normal” in the spectrum of age-related memory changes and may help clinicians identify patients with memory and potential neurodegenerative changes in the earliest stages, further optimizing clinical management and clinical trial stratification. As with any standard, these robust norms are only appropriately utilized with patients that closely match the demographic profile of the individuals represented in the sample used for this study.

Reliability indicators of HS-EBP questionnaire dimensions and % explained variance for each factor.

Finger motor performance measured by means of the GAS system.

Descriptive statistics of factor scores of the HS-EBP questionnaire from the Spanish physiotherapist sample.

This paper is concerned with linear time-invariant (LTI) sampled-data systems (by which we mean sampled-data systems with LTI generalised plants and LTI controllers) and studies their H 2 norms from the viewpoint of impulse responses and generalised H 2 norms from the viewpoint of the induced norms from L 2 to L ∞. A new definition of the H 2 norm of LTI sampled-data systems is first introduced through a sort of intermediate standpoint of those for the existing two definitions. We then establish unified treatment of the three definitions of the H 2 norm through a matrix function G(τ) defined on the sampling interval [0, h). This paper next considers the generalised H 2 norms, in which two types of the L ∞ norm of the output are considered as the temporal supremum magnitude under the spatial 2-norm and ∞-norm of a vector-valued function. We further give unified treatment of the generalised H 2 norms through another matrix function F(θ) which is also defined on [0, h). Through a close connection between G(τ) and F(θ), some theoretical relationships between the H 2 and generalised H 2 norms are provided. Furthermore, appropriate extensions associated with the treatment of G(τ) and F(θ) to the closed interval [0, h] are discussed to facilitate numerical computations and comparisons of the H 2 and generalised H 2 norms. Through theoretical and numerical studies, it is shown that the two generalised H 2 norms coincide with neither of the three H 2 norms of LTI sampled-data systems even though all the five definitions coincide with each other when single-output continuous-time LTI systems are considered as a special class of LTI sampled-data systems. To summarise, this paper clarifies that the five control performance measures are mutually related with each other but they are also intrinsically different from each other.

Mean of Frob. norm for parameter estimates of the candidate distributions for some selected values of λ and ρ.

IntroductionBreastfeeding intention is one of the strongest predictors of breastfeeding behavior and practice. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), with its main construct, behavioral intention, is useful to predict actual behavior. While the literature has examined the implications of other theoretical notions such as self-identity, moral norm, descriptive norm, and socio-demographic variables, their roles remain unclear. Similarly, research on ethnic and low-income mothers is even insufficient. Therefore, given the original TPB constructs, our goal was to examine the role of extra theoretical constructs and specific demographic variables, and observe whether the original model would alter.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among 325 pregnant mothers in six purposively selected health care facilities of Kaski and Tanahu districts, using structured pro forma, from December 2018 to November 2019. We developed stepwise multivariate logistic regression from the entered and cleaned data, observed the effects on breastfeeding intention (BFI), and checked against multiple parameters. We interpreted the model with adjusted odds ratios and β coefficients, along with the variance explained.Results and discussionsOut of 325 pregnant women, more than half (54.8%) were primiparous, and the mean age was 25.1±5 years. All three theoretical constructs of TPB regressed the BFI significantly, with 10.7%, the breastfeeding attitude dominating (β = 0.734, p = .003), and the other two constructs—perceived breastfeeding control (β = 0.659, p = .011) and breastfeeding subjective norm (β = 0.504, p = .045). Interestingly, breastfeeding self-identity added further variance of 5.2% (β = 0.955, p < .001), followed by income, with 3.2% (β = 0.856, p = .001), both of which also tallied large effect sizes. The model parameters showed consistency and robustness. We discuss the variables of the theoretical and extended model for BFI as well as the arguments for the explained variance.ConclusionSelf-identity is a strong and independent predictor of breastfeeding intention and, therefore, should be considered to better prepare for breastfeeding, especially among ethnic pregnant mothers. The direct and intermediate effects of self-concept and income need further study with more robust designs.