The Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11 consists of estimates of human population density (number of persons per square kilometer) based on counts consistent with national censuses and population registers. A proportional allocation gridding algorithm, utilizing approximately 13.5 million national and sub-national administrative units, was used to assign population counts to 30 arc-second grid cells. The population density rasters were created by dividing the population count raster for a given target year by the land area raster. The data files were produced as global rasters at 30 arc-second (~1 km at the equator) resolution. To enable faster global processing, and in support of research communities, the 30 arc-second count data were aggregated to 2.5 arc-minute, 15 arc-minute, 30 arc-minute and 1-degree resolutions to produce density rasters at these resolutions.Source: Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. Palisades, New York: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Available at https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW. (October 2022)Files Download

Historical dataset showing North America population density by year from 1961 to 2022.

In 2023, Washington, D.C. had the highest population density in the United States, with 11,130.69 people per square mile. As a whole, there were about 94.83 residents per square mile in the U.S., and Alaska was the state with the lowest population density, with 1.29 residents per square mile. The problem of population density Simply put, population density is the population of a country divided by the area of the country. While this can be an interesting measure of how many people live in a country and how large the country is, it does not account for the degree of urbanization, or the share of people who live in urban centers. For example, Russia is the largest country in the world and has a comparatively low population, so its population density is very low. However, much of the country is uninhabited, so cities in Russia are much more densely populated than the rest of the country. Urbanization in the United States While the United States is not very densely populated compared to other countries, its population density has increased significantly over the past few decades. The degree of urbanization has also increased, and well over half of the population lives in urban centers.

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster showing population density across Canada. There is a relief base to the map on top of which is shown all populated areas of Canada where the population density is great than 0.4 persons per square kilometer. This area is then divided into five colour classes of population density based on Statistics Canada's census divisions.

Prior to the arrival of European explorers in the Americas in 1492, it is estimated that the population of the continent was around sixty million people. Over the next two centuries, most scholars agree that the indigenous population fell to just ten percent of its pre-colonization level, primarily due to the Old World diseases (namely smallpox) brought to the New World by Europeans and African slaves, as well as through violence and famine.

Distribution

It is thought that the most densely populated region of the Americas was in the fertile Mexican valley, home to over one third of the entire continent, including several Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Aztec empire. While the mid-estimate shows a population of over 21 million before European arrival, one estimate suggests that there were just 730,000 people of indigenous descent in Mexico in 1620, just one hundred years after Cortes' arrival. Estimates also suggest that the Andes, home to the Incas, was the second most-populous region in the Americas, while North America (in this case, the region north of the Rio Grande river) may have been the most sparsely populated region. There is some contention as to the size of the pre-Columbian populations in the Caribbean, as the mass genocides, forced relocation, and pandemics that followed in the early stages of Spanish colonization make it difficult to predict these numbers.

Varying estimates Estimating the indigenous populations of the Americas has proven to be a challenge and point of contention for modern historians. Totals from reputable sources range from 8.4 million people to 112.55 million, and while both of these totals were published in the 1930s and 1960s respectively, their continued citation proves the ambiguity surrounding this topic. European settlers' records from the 15th to 17th centuries have also created challenges, due to their unrealistic population predictions and inaccurate methodologies (for example, many early settlers only counted the number of warriors in each civilization). Nonetheless, most modern historians use figures close to those given in the "Middle estimate" shown here, with similar distributions by region.

The earliest point where scientists can make reasonable estimates for the population of global regions is around 10,000 years before the Common Era (or 12,000 years ago). Estimates suggest that Asia has consistently been the most populated continent, and the least populated continent has generally been Oceania (although it was more heavily populated than areas such as North America in very early years). Population growth was very slow, but an increase can be observed between most of the given time periods. There were, however, dips in population due to pandemics, the most notable of these being the impact of plague in Eurasia in the 14th century, and the impact of European contact with the indigenous populations of the Americas after 1492, where it took almost four centuries for the population of Latin America to return to its pre-1500 level. The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, which also coincided with a spike in population growth, due to the onset of the demographic transition. This wave of growth first spread across the most industrially developed countries in the 19th century, and the correlation between demographic development and industrial or economic maturity continued until today, with Africa being the final major region to begin its transition in the late-1900s.

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps. The maps show the density of population per square mile for every township in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Alberta, circa 1901. The statistics from the 1901 census are used, yet the population of Saskatchewan and Alberta is shown as confined within the vicinity of the railways, this is because the railways have been brought up to date of publication, 1906. Cities and towns of 5000 inhabitants or more are shown as black dots. The size of the circle is proportionate to the population. The map uses eight classes, seven of which are shades of brown, more densely populated portions are shown in the darker tints. Numbers make it clear which class is being shown in any one township. Major railway systems are shown. The map also displays the rectangular survey system which records the land that is available to the public. This grid like system is divided into sections, townships, range, and meridian from mid-Manitoba to Alberta.

Contained within the 5th Edition (1978 to 1995) of the National Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the network of roads in three classes (national and major provincial roads, other provincial roads and frontier roads) with each class subdivided based on width and type of surface. The map also shows major ferry routes and transport nodes, and settled regions using three population density classes.

This graph shows the population of the U.S. by race and ethnic group from 2000 to 2023. In 2023, there were around 21.39 million people of Asian origin living in the United States. A ranking of the most spoken languages across the world can be accessed here. U.S. populationCurrently, the white population makes up the vast majority of the United States’ population, accounting for some 252.07 million people in 2023. This ethnicity group contributes to the highest share of the population in every region, but is especially noticeable in the Midwestern region. The Black or African American resident population totaled 45.76 million people in the same year. The overall population in the United States is expected to increase annually from 2022, with the 320.92 million people in 2015 expected to rise to 341.69 million people by 2027. Thus, population densities have also increased, totaling 36.3 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2021. Despite being one of the most populous countries in the world, following China and India, the United States is not even among the top 150 most densely populated countries due to its large land mass. Monaco is the most densely populated country in the world and has a population density of 24,621.5 inhabitants per square kilometer as of 2021. As population numbers in the U.S. continues to grow, the Hispanic population has also seen a similar trend from 35.7 million inhabitants in the country in 2000 to some 62.65 million inhabitants in 2021. This growing population group is a significant source of population growth in the country due to both high immigration and birth rates. The United States is one of the most racially diverse countries in the world.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the distribution of population in what is now Canada circa 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941. The five maps display the boundaries of the various colonies, provinces and territories for each date. Also shown on these five maps are the locations of principal cities and settlements. These places are shown on all of the maps for reference purposes even though they may not have been in existence in the earlier years. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart providing the percentage distribution of Canadian population by province and territory corresponding to the date the map is based on. It should be noted that the pie chart entitled Percentage Distribution of Total Population, 1851, refers to the whole of what was then British North America. The name Canada in this chart refers to the province of Canada which entered confederation in 1867 as Ontario and Quebec. The other pie charts, however, show only percentage distribution of population in what was Canada at the date indicated. Three additional graphs are included on this plate and show changes in the distribution of the population of Canada from 1867 to 1951, changes in the percentage distribution of the population of Canada by provinces and territories from 1867 to 1951 and elements in the growth of the population of Canada for each ten-year period from 1891 to 1951.

This map shows the direct influence of humans on terrestrial ecosystems across North America. The Human Influence Index (HII) is based on population density, built-up areas, roads, railroads, navigable rivers, coastlines, land use/land cover, and nighttime lights.HII values range from 0 to 64, with 0 representing no human influence and 64 representing maximum human influence, based on all eight measures of human influence. The data layer was compiled by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).Source: The Last of the Wild, Version Two. 2005. Global human influence index (HII). Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).Files Download

This map is for educational purposes only. The purpose of this map is to be embedded into Hazardous Material Transport Outreach Network. This map aims to educate users on the areas of interest surrounding the petroleum hydrocarbon transportation train. Sources:(Glc_esri) Great Lakes Commission Basin Boundary. https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=fe80bdd627d343e8b949ab88bc8312a1 Last Update/Jan 28, 2022 National parks of Canada https://umn.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=5dbfd02c99644bb98abb1722e72e2565&sublayer=0 Feb 7th, 2023 USA Parks https://umn.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=e49e181ac82c46edac3ae601ebb3ef2d&sublayer=0 Oct 9th, 2024 North America Wetlands 2004 https://umn.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=79d45ade313d4e90a9b9aba3749ed716 2004 North America Human Influence on Terrestrial Ecosystems https://umn.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=01fb508107174652a810a95a4dddf135 2023 North America Population Density North America Population Density 2020 - Overview 2023 North America Watersheds https://umn.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=3b53b84647dd48a19008d7f8cdad92f9&sublayer=6 [2025]

Characterizing the population density of species is a central interest in ecology. Eastern North America is the global hotspot for biodiversity of plethodontid salamanders, an inconspicuous component of terrestrial vertebrate communities, and among the most widespread is the eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus. Previous work suggests population densities are high with significant geographic variation, but comparisons among locations are challenged by lack of standardization and failure to accommodate imperfect detection. We present results from a range-wide monitoring network that accounts for detection uncertainty using systematic survey protocols and robust quantitative models. We analyzed mark-recapture data from 19 study areas across the range. Estimated salamander densities ranged from 1950 to 34300 salamanders/ha, with a median of 9965 salamanders/ha. We compare these results to previous estimates for P. cinereus and other abundant terrestrial vertebrates. We demonst..., , , # Range-wide salamander densities reveal a key component of terrestrial vertebrate biomass in eastern North American forests

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h44j0zpvf

Capture data from standardized arrays.

Description of the data and file structure

One file with all data:Â Â

• site: name of sampling area
• year: year sampled
• season: season of sampling
• plot: identity of plot within site
• trap: identity of coverboard within plot
• mark: individual id
• occasion: occasion of sampling
• session: sampling session

Code/Software

Data are formatted for analysis in the R package: oSCR

The world's population first reached one billion people in 1803, and reach eight billion in 2023, and will peak at almost 11 billion by the end of the century. Although it took thousands of years to reach one billion people, it did so at the beginning of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition; from this point onwards, population growth has skyrocketed, and since the 1960s the population has increased by one billion people every 12 to 15 years. The demographic transition sees a sharp drop in mortality due to factors such as vaccination, sanitation, and improved food supply; the population boom that follows is due to increased survival rates among children and higher life expectancy among the general population; and fertility then drops in response to this population growth. Regional differences The demographic transition is a global phenomenon, but it has taken place at different times across the world. The industrialized countries of Europe and North America were the first to go through this process, followed by some states in the Western Pacific. Latin America's population then began growing at the turn of the 20th century, but the most significant period of global population growth occurred as Asia progressed in the late-1900s. As of the early 21st century, almost two thirds of the world's population live in Asia, although this is set to change significantly in the coming decades. Future growth The growth of Africa's population, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, will have the largest impact on global demographics in this century. From 2000 to 2100, it is expected that Africa's population will have increased by a factor of almost five. It overtook Europe in size in the late 1990s, and overtook the Americas a decade later. In contrast to Africa, Europe's population is now in decline, as birth rates are consistently below death rates in many countries, especially in the south and east, resulting in natural population decline. Similarly, the population of the Americas and Asia are expected to go into decline in the second half of this century, and only Oceania's population will still be growing alongside Africa. By 2100, the world's population will have over three billion more than today, with the vast majority of this concentrated in Africa. Demographers predict that climate change is exacerbating many of the challenges that currently hinder progress in Africa, such as political and food instability; if Africa's transition is prolonged, then it may result in further population growth that would place a strain on the region's resources, however, curbing this growth earlier would alleviate some of the pressure created by climate change.

Data are derived from generalized linear models and model selection techniques using 129 estimates of population density of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from 5 continents. Models were used to determine the strength of association among a diverse set of biotic and abiotic factors associated with wild pig population dynamics. The models and associated factors were used to predict the potential population density of wild pigs at the 1 km resolution. Predictions were then compared with available population estimates for wild pigs on their native range in North America indicating the predicted densities are within observed values. See Lewis et al (2017) and Lewis et al (2019) for more information.Lewis, Jesse S., Matthew L. Farnsworth, Chris L. Burdett, David M. Theobald, Miranda Gray, and Ryan S. Miller. "Biotic and abiotic factors predicting the global distribution and population density of an invasive large mammal." Scientific reports7 (2017): 44152.Lewis, Jesse S., Joseph L. Corn, John J. Mayer, Thomas R. Jordan, Matthew L. Farnsworth, Christopher L. Burdett, Kurt C. VerCauteren, Steven J. Sweeney, and Ryan S. Miller. "Historical, current, and potential population size estimates of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the United States." Biological Invasions21, no. 7 (2019): 2373-2384.

North America Same Day Delivery Market size was valued at USD 10.3 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 16.5 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.09% from 2026 to 2032.Key Market Drivers:E-commerce Growth and Consumer Expectations: The increasing expansion of e-commerce has greatly increased consumer demand for speedier delivery. In 2023, US e-commerce sales hit $1.09 trillion, up 7.6% from the previous year, with online sales accounting for 15.4% of total retail transactions. According to a National Retail Federation poll, 30% of online buyers demand same-day delivery, and 25% will abandon their order if it is not available.Urbanization and Population Density: Given 83% of North Americans living in cities in 2023, and that figure expected to rise to 89% by 2050, high population density makes same-day delivery an appealing option. The ten largest metropolitan areas in the United States alone have over 85 million individuals, or around 25% of the population, allowing delivery companies to serve vast customer bases within small territories.

Roads play a key role in movements of goods and people but require large amounts of materials emitting greenhouse gases to be produced. This study assesses the global road material stock and the emissions associated with materials’ production. Our bottom-up approach combines georeferenced paved road segments with road length statistics and archetypical geometric characteristics of roads. We estimate road material stock to be of 254 Gt. If we were to build these roads anew, raw material production would emit 8.4 GtCO2-eq. Per capita stocks range from 0.2 t/cap in Chad to 283 t/cap in Iceland, with a median of 20.6 t/cap. If the average per capita stock in Africa was to reach the current European level, 166 Gt of road materials, equivalent to the road material stock in North America and in East and South Asia, would be consumed. At the urban scale, road material stock increases with the urban area, population density, and GDP per capita, emphasizing the need for containing urban expansion. Our study highlights the challenges in estimating road material stock and serves as a basis for further research into infrastructure resource management.

Population counts for 10 duck species in central North America.

Human land transformation is one of the leading causes of vertebrate population declines. These declines are thought to be partly due to decreased connectivity and habitat loss reducing animal population sizes in disturbed habitats. With time, this can lead to declines in effective population size and genetic diversity which restricts the ability of wildlife to efficiently cope with environmental change through genetic adaptation. However, it is not well understood whether these effects generally hold across taxa. We address this question by repurposing and synthesizing raw microsatellite data from online repositories for 19 amphibian species sampled at 554 georeferenced sites in North America. For each site, we estimated gene diversity, allelic richness, effective population size, and population differentiation. Using binary urban-rural census designations, and continuous measures of human population density, the Human Footprint Index, and impervious surface cover, we tested for genera...

The mini storage service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. Urbanization and population density are leading to space constraints, particularly in major metropolitan areas, fueling the demand for secure, off-site storage solutions. The rise of e-commerce and the gig economy also contribute significantly; businesses and individuals alike require space for inventory, equipment, and personal belongings. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of self-storage units as a flexible and cost-effective alternative to traditional warehousing solutions is driving market expansion. Technological advancements, such as online booking platforms and automated access systems, are enhancing customer experience and efficiency, further boosting market growth. While rising construction costs and land scarcity could potentially act as restraints, the overall market outlook remains positive, projected to maintain a healthy compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the forecast period. Segmentation within the mini storage service market reveals diverse applications, including personal storage for households, commercial storage for businesses, and specialized storage for archives and sensitive materials. The market is further categorized by storage unit size and features, such as climate control and security systems. Geographical distribution reveals strong growth in North America and Europe, particularly in densely populated urban centers. However, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and other regions are demonstrating significant potential for future expansion. The competitive landscape is relatively fragmented, with both large national chains and smaller independent operators vying for market share. Innovation in technology and service offerings will be key differentiators for companies seeking sustained growth and profitability.