In financial year 2012, about ** percent of urban adults consumed the recommended amount of cereals in a day in northern India. However, only around ** percent of the urban people consumed the recommended amount of vegetables per day.

In 2022, the union territory of Delhi had the highest urban population density of over ** thousand persons per square kilometer. While the rural population density was highest in union territory of Puducherry, followed by the state of Bihar.

The North-Eastern region (NER) of India, comprising of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura, is a hot spot for genetic diversity and the most probable origin of rice. North-east rice collections are known to possess various agronomically important traits like biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, unique grain and cooking quality. The genetic diversity and associated population structure of 6,984 rice accessions, originating from NER, were assessed using 36 genome wide unlinked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed across the 12 rice chromosomes. All of the 36 SNP loci were polymorphic and bi-allelic, contained five types of base substitutions and together produced nine types of alleles. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.004 for Tripura to 0.375 for Manipur and major allele frequency ranged from 0.50 for Assam to 0.99 for Tripura. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.002 in Nagaland to 0.42 in Mizoram and gene diversity ranged from 0.006 in Arunachal Pradesh to 0.50 in Manipur. The genetic relatedness among the rice accessions was evaluated using an unrooted phylogenetic tree analysis, which grouped all accessions into three major clusters. For determining population structure, populations K = 1 to K = 20 were tested and population K = 3 was present in all the states, with the exception of Meghalaya and Manipur where, K = 5 and K = 4 populations were present, respectively. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed that accessions were distributed according to their population structure. AMOVA analysis showed that, maximum diversity was partitioned at the individual accession level (73% for Nagaland, 58% for Arunachal Pradesh and 57% for Tripura). Using POWERCORE software, a core set of 701 accessions was obtained, which accounted for approximately 10% of the total NE India collections, representing 99.9% of the allelic diversity. The rice core set developed will be a valuable resource for future genomic studies and crop improvement strategies.

BackgroundHeadache disorders now represent a major public health problem globally. It is more prevalent in developing countries with the rising trends of headache disorders observed in young adults affecting their quality of life negatively. Very little information is available on the epidemiology of headache disorders in the Jammu Division of the north Indian population.AimThe aim of the present study was to find out the prevalence of headache and its two major types, i.e., migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), in the population of the Jammu Division.MethodsThe present study was conducted in two phases: (Phase I: face-to-face interview and Phase II: E-based sampling) and the sufferers of headaches were incorporated into the study based on the International Classification of Headache Disorder-3 (ICHD-3) criteria for a representative sample. Frequency distribution and mean ± standard deviation were used in descriptive statistics to describe the data sets, while a t-test, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression, and prevalence ratio were used in inferential statistics.ResultsIn the present study, a total of 3,148 patients were recruited, with an overall prevalence of headache of 53.84%, with a majority of females (38.18%) over males (15.66%). As regards the type of headache, migraine was found to be of the more prevalent (33.25%) type than the TTH (20.58%). Females suffering from migraine showed the highest prevalence (25.28%), in contrast to females suffering from the TTH (12.89%). Sociodemographic variables, such as gender [female; AOR = 2.46, 95% CI (2.12–2.85), p-value < 0.0001] and marital status [married; AOR: 1.46, 95% CI (1.11–1.92) p-value = 0.006], showed a significant association with the headache.ConclusionThe present study shows that the prevalence of headache is high in the Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) India, with migraine being the highly prevalent type.

Census: Population: Assam: North Lakhimpur data was reported at 59,814.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 54,285.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Assam: North Lakhimpur data is updated decadal, averaging 6,576.000 Person from Mar 1921 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 59,814.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 1,966.000 Person in 03-01-1921. Census: Population: Assam: North Lakhimpur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC004: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Assam.

Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North) data was reported at 4,322.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5,395.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North) data is updated decadal, averaging 4,858.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,395.000 Person in 03-01-2001 and a record low of 4,322.000 Person in 03-01-2011. Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC010: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Goa.

Census: Population: Assam: North Lakhimpur: Male data was reported at 30,847.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 28,912.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Assam: North Lakhimpur: Male data is updated decadal, averaging 4,327.000 Person from Mar 1921 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30,847.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 1,204.000 Person in 03-01-1921. Census: Population: Assam: North Lakhimpur: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC004: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Assam.

BackgroundÂ

Large carnivores maintain the stability and functioning of ecosystems. Currently, many carnivore species face declining population sizes due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. The leopard, Panthera pardus, is probably the most widely distributed and highly adaptable large felid globally, still persisting in most of its historic range. However, we lack subspecies-level data on country or regional scale on population trends, as ecological monitoring approaches are difficult to apply on such wide-ranging species. We used genetic data from leopards sampled across the Indian subcontinent to investigate population structure and patterns of demographic decline.Â

MethodsÂ

We collected faecal samples from the Terai-Arc landscape of north India and identified 56 unique individuals using a panel of 13 microsatellite markers. We merged this data with already available 143 leopard individuals and assessed genetic structure at country scale. Subsequently, we investigated the...

Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North): Male data was reported at 2,129.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,868.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North): Male data is updated decadal, averaging 2,498.500 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,868.000 Person in 03-01-2001 and a record low of 2,129.000 Person in 03-01-2011. Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North): Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC010: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Goa.

The dataset contains details of tiger population estimation pertaining to tiger landscapes in the country

Note: 1. States have been categorised as Shivalik-Gangetic Plain Landscape Complex, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar. Shivalik-Gangetic includes: Central India Landscape Complex, Andhra Pradesh (Including Telangana), Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Central Indian, Western Ghats Landscape Complex, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa. Western Ghats includes: North East Hills and Brahmaputra Flood Plains, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Northern West Bengal, North East Hills and Brahmaputra includes Sundarbans. NB: Ranipur (Uttar Pradesh) is added in Shivalik landscape for convenience.

1. State population estimate does not add up to the landscape estimate due to common tigers, tiger outside protected areas, and model range limits.

Background: A heavy burden of cardiometabolic conditions on low- and middle-income countries like India that are rapidly undergoing urbanization remains unaddressed. Indians are known to have high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL-C along with moderately higher levels of LDL-C. The genome-wide findings from Western populations need to be validated in an Indian context for a better understanding of the underlying etiology of dyslipidemia in India.Objective: We aim to validate 12 genetic variants associated with lipid levels among rural and urban Indian populations and derive unweighted and weighted genetic risk scores (uGRS and wGRS) for lipid levels among the Indian population.Methods: Assuming an additive model of inheritance, linear regression models adjusted for all the possible covariates were run to examine the association between 12 genetic variants and total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C among 2,117 rural and urban Indian participants. The combined effect of validated loci was estimated by allelic risk scores, unweighted and weighted by their effect sizes.Results: The wGRS for triglycerides and VLDL-C was derived based on five associated variants (rs174546 at FADS1, rs17482753 at LPL, rs2293889 at TRPS1, rs4148005 at ABCA8, and rs4420638 at APOC1), which was associated with 36.31 mg/dL of elevated triglyceride and VLDL-C levels (β = 0.95, SE = 0.16, p < 0.001). Similarly, every unit of combined risk score (rs2293889 at TRPS1 and rs4147536 at ADH1B) was associated with 40.62 mg/dL of higher total cholesterol (β = 1.01, SE = 0.23, p < 0.001) and 33.97 mg/dL of higher LDL-C (β = 1.03, SE = 0.19, p < 0.001) based on its wGRS (rs2293889 at TRPS1, rs4147536 at ADH1B, rs4420638 at APOC1, and rs660240 at CELSR2). The wGRS derived from five associated variants (rs174546 at FADS1, rs17482753 at LPL, rs4148005 at ABCA8, rs4420638 at APOC1, and rs7832643 at PLEC) was associated with 10.64 mg/dL of lower HDL-C (β = −0.87, SE = 0.14, p < 0.001).Conclusion: We confirm the role of eight genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci related to different lipid levels in the Indian population and demonstrate the combined effect of variants for lipid traits among Indians by deriving the polygenic risk scores. Similar studies among different populations are required to validate the GWAS loci and effect modification of these loci by lifestyle and environmental factors related to urbanization.

In Ayurveda system of medicine individuals are classified into seven constitution types, “Prakriti”, for assessing disease susceptibility and drug responsiveness. Prakriti evaluation involves clinical examination including questions about physiological and behavioural traits. A need was felt to develop models for accurately predicting Prakriti classes that have been shown to exhibit molecular differences. The present study was carried out on data of phenotypic attributes in 147 healthy individuals of three extreme Prakriti types, from a genetically homogeneous population of Western India. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches were used to infer inherent structure of the data, and for feature selection and building classification models for Prakriti respectively. These models were validated in a North Indian population. Unsupervised clustering led to emergence of three natural clusters corresponding to three extreme Prakriti classes. The supervised modelling approaches could classify individuals, with distinct Prakriti types, in the training and validation sets. This study is the first to demonstrate that Prakriti types are distinct verifiable clusters within a multidimensional space of multiple interrelated phenotypic traits. It also provides a computational framework for predicting Prakriti classes from phenotypic attributes. This approach may be useful in precision medicine for stratification of endophenotypes in healthy and diseased populations.

Abstract

The 44th round started from July 1988. The survey period of this round was July 1988 to June 1989. This round has been devoted to mainly three enquiries. First and foremost, there has been an enquiry on the living condition of the tribal population. Of the other two, one is concerned with the housing condition of the general population and the other is a survey on current building construction activity. For the purpose of this enquiry, “tribal population” mean the members of the Scheduled Tribes declared under the Article 342 of the Constitution of India. They are known to be the descendants of the earliest inhabitants of India (hence called “Adivasis”). At present, in most parts of India, they form one of the economically weakest sections of the society. So far there has not been any systematic study of their living conditions covering the whole country. Whatever data are available are derived from the decennial censuses, apart from some micro studies carried out by social anthropologists. In the NSS the tribal population has always been covered as part of the general population. In NSS 32nd and 33rd rounds special surveys had been carried out through an integrated schedule (schedule 16.4) in the North-Eastern region. The survey was conducted in the rural areas of the following States:- 32nd round : Arunachal Pradesh, Assam (N. Cachar and Karbi Anglong districts only), Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura; 33rd round: In addition to the above States, Mizoram also. Even though this covered many aspects specially related to the life of the people of this region (who are mostly tribals), no such survey has so far been undertaken about the life of the tribals living in the main tribal belt stretching from West Bengal through Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat and Rajasthan. The scope of the enquiry is to understand the living condition of the tribals living in the main tribal belt stretching from West Bengal through Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat and Rajasthan.) The object of the enquiry in the this round is to throw light on as many aspects as possible of the tribal population of this country. This relates to aspects of their “level of the living” including demographic and activity particulars, family expenditure etc. as well as to their entrepreneurial activities.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union except Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu and Kashmir state. The rural areas of Nagaland, so far outside NSS coverage up to the 43rd round, have also been brought in this round.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design is stratified two-stage with the census village as the first stage unit in the rural sector and UFS block as the first stage unit in the urban sector. The second stage units are households.

The sample design in the rural sector has been decided with a view to providing good estimates for the tribal enquiry. Except in the north-eastern region, the tribal population is concentrated in some districts within the states having considerable tribal population and even in those districts they are found to be unevenly distributed geographically. Therefore special stratification and selection procedures have been adopted not only to net sufficient number of tribal households in the sample but also to improve the design in general for the tribal enquiry.

While the rural design is oriented towards the tribal enquiry, the urban design is oriented towards the enquiry on construction. As building construction activity is found to be concentrated in some areas in the urban sector, attempts have been made in urban design to demarcate such areas in larger towns as separate strata. Detailed description of the rural and urban sample designs are as follows:

SAMPLE DESIGN : RURAL

Sampling frame of villages: The list of 1981 census villages constitute the sampling frame for selection of villages in most districts. However in Assam (where '81 census was not done) and a few districts of some other states (where the available lists of villages were not satisfactory), 1971 census village lists have been used as frame.

Stratification :
In Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi, Goa, Daman & Diu and Pondicherry where there are practically no tribal population, the strata used in NSS 43rd round were retained. In Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep also the strata of 43rd round were retained because of the high percentage of ST population in these States/U.T.'s. (The strata of 43rd round have been retained in the case of Sikkim as the distribution of tribal population is more or less uniform over all the districts). In the remaining states fresh stratification was carried out as described below.

In these states all districts accounting for the bulk of the state's tribal population were selected for formation of strata with concentration of tribal population. Besides these districts, tribal concentration strata have been demarcated also in some other districts with relatively small tribal population in order to ensure coverage of as many different ethnic groups as possible.

Within each district so identified for formation of tribal concentration strata, the tehsils with relatively high concentration of tribal population, together constituted one stratum. These tehsils were selected in such a way that together they accounted for the bulk (70% or more) of the district tribal population and the proportion of tribal to total population in this stratum was significantly greater than that of the district as a whole. The strata so formed were not always geographically contiguous. These tribal concentration strata are called STRATUM TYPE -1. Further, all the strata of Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep and Sikkim are also considered as stratum type-1. All the remaining strata in the rural sector (in any State/U.T.) are called stratum type -2.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

NSS Round 44 Schedule 29.2 consists of 17 blocks as enumerated below:

Block 1: identification of sample household Block 2: particulars of field operations Block 3: remarks by investigator Block 4: remarks by supervisory officer (s) Block 5: household characteristics Block 6: demographic particulars of household members Block 7: particulars of assistance received by the household during last 3 years Block 8: particulars of land owned and possessed Block 9: particulars of disposal of land during last 5 years Block 10: information on input items for cultivation during 1987-88 Block 11: particulars of crops produced during 1987-88 Block 12: particulars of wage employment in forest and forestry operation
Block 13: particulars of forest produce collected, consumed at home and sold by household members during last 30 days as self-employed Block 14: particulars of household enterprise (other than cultivation) during last 30 days Block 15: particulars of products (other than forest products) marketed during last 30 days Block 16 : inventory of assets owned on the date of survey Block 17 : cash dues and grain & other commodity dues payable by the household as on the date of survey and particulars of transaction of loans during last 365 days

Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North): Female data was reported at 2,193.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,527.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North): Female data is updated decadal, averaging 2,360.000 Person from Mar 2001 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,527.000 Person in 03-01-2001 and a record low of 2,193.000 Person in 03-01-2011. Census: Population: Goa: Goa Velha (North): Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC010: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Goa.

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Jogipur North Tola Village

Comprehensive population and demographic data for Kattagaram (North) Village

In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

Census: Population: Andhra Pradesh: Vijayapuri: North data was reported at 15,887.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 19,362.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Andhra Pradesh: Vijayapuri: North data is updated decadal, averaging 19,548.000 Person from Mar 1961 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55,300.000 Person in 03-01-1961 and a record low of 15,887.000 Person in 03-01-2011. Census: Population: Andhra Pradesh: Vijayapuri: North data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC033: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Telangana.

*Denominator for the percentage is # influenza positive for that year.€p<0.01 (highly significant for Influenza A (H3N2) in 2009, OR = 1.8, CI – 1.2–2.7)for peri-urban area.Ψp<0.001 (highly significant for pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009, OR = 7.7, CI – 4.2–14) and 2010 (OR = 3.0, CI – 1.6–5.6) for urban areas.

Model A: compares variation between geographic regions (northern India, central India, and southern India), among populations within regions and within populations. Model B: compares variation between hosts (cotton, pigeonpea and chickpea), among populations within hosts and within populations. Model C: compares genetic variations between cropping seasons (season 2004–05, season 2005–06, season 2006–07), among populations within cropping seasons and within populations.