Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
New Zealand Population: North Island (NI) data was reported at 4,044,600.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,973,400.000 Person for 2023. New Zealand Population: North Island (NI) data is updated yearly, averaging 3,311,700.000 Person from Jun 1996 (Median) to 2024, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,044,600.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 2,810,100.000 Person in 1996. New Zealand Population: North Island (NI) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Stats NZ. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.G005: Population: by Region.
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
New Zealand Population: South Island (SI) data was reported at 1,242,300.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,226,100.000 Person for 2023. New Zealand Population: South Island (SI) data is updated yearly, averaging 1,033,700.000 Person from Jun 1996 (Median) to 2024, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,242,300.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 921,100.000 Person in 1996. New Zealand Population: South Island (SI) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Stats NZ. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.G005: Population: by Region.
https://data.linz.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://data.linz.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
The Population data table is part of NZ Suburbs and Localities Dataset. This table contains the population estimate for each suburb and locality, provided by StatsNZ.
NZ Suburbs and Localities is an easy to use layer generated from the normalised NZ Suburbs and Localities Dataset. It describes the spatial extent and name of communities in urban areas (suburbs) and rural areas (localities) for navigation and location purposes.
The suburb and locality boundaries cover New Zealand including North Island, South Island, Stewart Island/Rakiura, Chatham Islands, and nearby offshore islands.
Each suburb and locality is assigned a name, major name, Territorial Authority and, if appropriate, additional in use names. A population estimate is provided for each suburb and locality by Stats NZ.
For more information please refer to the NZ Suburbs and Localities Guidance documents:
Data Dictionary Change Request Process Change Request Principles, Requirements and Rules Changes to NZ Suburbs and Localities can be requested by emailing addresses@linz.govt.nz
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
Statistical Area 2 2023 update
SA2 2023 is the first major update of the geography since it was first created in 2018. The update is to ensure SA2s are relevant and meet criteria before each five-yearly population and dwelling census. SA2 2023 contains 135 new SA2s. Updates were made to reflect real world change of population and dwelling growth mainly in urban areas, and to make some improvements to their delineation of communities of interest.
Description
This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries as at 1 January 2023 as defined by Stats NZ. This version contains 2,395 SA2s (2,379 digitised and 16 with empty or null geometries (non-digitised)).
SA2 is an output geography that provides higher aggregations of population data than can be provided at the statistical area 1 (SA1) level. The SA2 geography aims to reflect communities that interact together socially and economically. In populated areas, SA2s generally contain similar sized populations.
The SA2 should:
form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,
excluding exceptions below, allow the release of multivariate statistics with minimal data suppression,
capture a similar type of area, such as a high-density urban area, farmland, wilderness area, and water area,
be socially homogeneous and capture a community of interest. It may have, for example:
form a nested hierarchy with statistical output geographies and administrative boundaries. It must:
SA2s in city council areas generally have a population of 2,000–4,000 residents while SA2s in district council areas generally have a population of 1,000–3,000 residents.
In major urban areas, an SA2 or a group of SA2s often approximates a single suburb. In rural areas, rural settlements are included in their respective SA2 with the surrounding rural area.
SA2s in urban areas where there is significant business and industrial activity, for example ports, airports, industrial, commercial, and retail areas, often have fewer than 1,000 residents. These SA2s are useful for analysing business demographics, labour markets, and commuting patterns.
In rural areas, some SA2s have fewer than 1,000 residents because they are in conservation areas or contain sparse populations that cover a large area.
To minimise suppression of population data, small islands with zero or low populations close to the mainland, and marinas are generally included in their adjacent land-based SA2.
Zero or nominal population SA2s
To ensure that the SA2 geography covers all of New Zealand and aligns with New Zealand’s topography and local government boundaries, some SA2s have zero or nominal populations. These include:
400001; New Zealand Economic Zone, 400002; Oceanic Kermadec Islands, 400003; Kermadec Islands, 400004; Oceanic Oil Rig Taranaki, 400005; Oceanic Campbell Island, 400006; Campbell Island, 400007; Oceanic Oil Rig Southland, 400008; Oceanic Auckland Islands, 400009; Auckland Islands, 400010 ; Oceanic Bounty Islands, 400011; Bounty Islands, 400012; Oceanic Snares Islands, 400013; Snares Islands, 400014; Oceanic Antipodes Islands, 400015; Antipodes Islands, 400016; Ross Dependency.
SA2 numbering and naming
Each SA2 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a geographic feature or a recognised place name or suburb. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA2s are differentiated by their territorial authority name, for example, Gladstone (Carterton District) and Gladstone (Invercargill City).
SA2 codes have six digits. North Island SA2 codes start with a 1 or 2, South Island SA2 codes start with a 3 and non-digitised SA2 codes start with a 4. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. To ensure the north–south code pattern is maintained, the SA2 codes were given 00 for the last two digits when the geography was created in 2018. When SA2 names or boundaries change only the last two digits of the code will change.
For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.
Generalised version
This generalised version has been simplified for rapid drawing and is designed for thematic or web mapping purposes.
Macrons
Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.
Digital data
Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.
To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā
The art of population modelling is to incorporate factors essential for capturing a population’s dynamics while otherwise keeping the model as simple as possible. However, it is unclear how optimal model complexity should be assessed, and whether this optimal complexity has been affected by recent advances in modelling methodology. This issue is particularly relevant to small populations because they are subject to complex dynamics but inferences about those dynamics are often constrained by small sample sizes.
We fitted Bayesian hierarchical models to long-term data on vital rates (survival and reproduction) for the toutouwai (Petroica longipes) population reintroduced to Tiritiri Matangi, a 220-ha New Zealand island, and quantified the performance of those models in terms of their likelihood of replicating the observed population dynamics. These dynamics consisted of overall growth from 33 (± 0.3) to 160 (± 6) birds from 1992–2018, including recoveries following five harvest ...
NZ Suburbs and Localities describes the spatial extent and name of communities in urban areas (suburbs) and rural areas (localities) for navigation and location purposes.
The suburb and locality boundaries cover New Zealand including North Island, South Island, Stewart Island/Rakiura, Chatham Islands, and nearby offshore islands.
Each suburb and locality is assigned a name, major name, Territorial Authority and, if appropriate, additional in use names. A population estimate is provided for each suburb and locality by Stats NZ.
For more information please refer to the NZ Suburbs and Localities Data Dictionary and the LINZ Website
Changes to NZ Suburbs and Localities can be requested by emailing addresses@linz.govt.nz
Change Request Guidance Documents: - Change Request Process - Change Request Principles, Requirements and Rules
APIs and web services
This dataset is available via ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS REST services, as well as our standard APIs. LDS APIs and OGC web services "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=cfe52bdf2a76491d86c4f433957f2460">ArcGIS Online map services
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
Refer to the 'Current Geographic Boundaries Table' layer for a list of all current geographies and recent updates.
This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries as at 1 January 2025 as defined by Stats NZ, clipped to the coastline. This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries. This clipped version contains 2,311 SA2 areas.
SA2 is an output geography that provides higher aggregations of population data than can be provided at the statistical area 1 (SA1) level. The SA2 geography aims to reflect communities that interact together socially and economically. In populated areas, SA2s generally contain similar sized populations.
The SA2 should:
form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,
excluding exceptions below, allow the release of multivariate statistics with minimal data suppression,
capture a similar type of area, such as a high-density urban area, farmland, wilderness area, and water area,
be socially homogeneous and capture a community of interest. It may have, for example:
form a nested hierarchy with statistical output geographies and administrative boundaries. It must:
SA2s in city council areas generally have a population of 2,000–4,000 residents while SA2s in district council areas generally have a population of 1,000–3,000 residents.
In major urban areas, an SA2 or a group of SA2s often approximates a single suburb. In rural areas, rural settlements are included in their respective SA2 with the surrounding rural area.
SA2s in urban areas where there is significant business and industrial activity, for example ports, airports, industrial, commercial, and retail areas, often have fewer than 1,000 residents. These SA2s are useful for analysing business demographics, labour markets, and commuting patterns.
In rural areas, some SA2s have fewer than 1,000 residents because they are in conservation areas or contain sparse populations that cover a large area.
To minimise suppression of population data, small islands with zero or low populations close to the mainland, and marinas are generally included in their adjacent land-based SA2.
Zero or nominal population SA2s
To ensure that the SA2 geography covers all of New Zealand and aligns with New Zealand’s topography and local government boundaries, some SA2s have zero or nominal populations. These include:
400001; New Zealand Economic Zone, 400002; Oceanic Kermadec Islands, 400003; Kermadec Islands, 400004; Oceanic Oil Rig Taranaki, 400005; Oceanic Campbell Island, 400006; Campbell Island, 400007; Oceanic Oil Rig Southland, 400008; Oceanic Auckland Islands, 400009; Auckland Islands, 400010 ; Oceanic Bounty Islands, 400011; Bounty Islands, 400012; Oceanic Snares Islands, 400013; Snares Islands, 400014; Oceanic Antipodes Islands, 400015; Antipodes Islands, 400016; Ross Dependency.
SA2 numbering and naming
Each SA2 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a geographic feature or a recognised place name or suburb. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA2s are differentiated by their territorial authority name, for example, Gladstone (Carterton District) and Gladstone (Invercargill City).
SA2 codes have six digits. North Island SA2 codes start with a 1 or 2, South Island SA2 codes start with a 3 and non-digitised SA2 codes start with a 4. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. To ensure the north–south code pattern is maintained, the SA2 codes were given 00 for the last two digits when the geography was created in 2018. When SA2 names or boundaries change only the last two digits of the code will change.
Clipped Version
This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries.
High-definition version
This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre.
Macrons
Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.
Digital data
Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.
Further information
To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā
For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.
Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.htmlhttps://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
The expansion of human settlements over the past few centuries is responsible for an unprecedented number of invasive species introductions globally. An important component of biological invasion management is understanding how introduction history and post-introduction processes have jointly shaped present-day distributions and patterns of population structure, diversity, and adaptation. One example of a successful invader is the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), which was intentionally introduced to numerous countries in the 19th century, including Aotearoa New Zealand, where it has become firmly established. We used reduced-representation sequencing to characterise the genetic population structure of the European starling in New Zealand, and compared the population structure to that present in sampling locations in the native range and invasive Australian range. We found that population structure and genetic diversity patterns suggested restricted gene flow from the majority of New Zealand to the northmost sampling location (Auckland). We also profiled genetic bottlenecks and shared outlier genomic regions, which supported historical accounts of translocations between both Australian subpopulations and New Zealand, and provided evidence of which documented translocation events were more likely to have been successful. Using these results as well as historic demographic patterns, we demonstrate how genomic analysis complements even well-documented invasion histories to better understand invasion processes, with direct implication for understanding contemporary gene flow and informing invasion management. Methods Sample Collection A total of 106 starling specimen samples were obtained from various contributors within New Zealand from five geographically distinct locations between May 2022 and October 2023. Sampling covered three locations in the North Island, specifically in the Auckland region (AUK: n=18), the Manawatū-Whanganui region (WHA: n=12), the Wellington region (WEL: n=40) and two in the South Island in the Marlborough region (MRL: n=15) and Canterbury region (CAN: n=21). In addition to the newly obtained samples, we also incorporated sequence data from the native European range (Antwerp, Belgium; ANT: n=15, Newcastle, United Kingdom; NWC: n=15, Monks Wood, United Kingdom; MKW: n=15), as well as two locations from within the invasive Australian range (Orange; ORG: n=15, McLaren Vale; MLV: n=15) from a previously published Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd sequencing (DArT-seq) dataset. DNA Extraction and Sequencing Extracted DNA from the newly collected New Zealand samples was sent to Diversity Arrays for sequencing. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina Hiseq2500/Novaseq6000. Raw Sequence Processing The previously published raw DArT-seq data, along with the MRL samples (January 2023 sequencing batch) were demultiplexed using stacks v2.2 process_radtags, while also discarding low quality reads (-q), reads with uncalled bases (-c), and rescuing barcodes and RAD-Tag cut sites (-r). It was not necessary to perform this step on the remainder of the new raw sequence data because DArT performed in-house demultiplexing using a proprietary bioinformatic pipeline. For all the data, we used fastp v0.23.2 to remove adapter sequences and in the same step filtered reads for a minimum Phred quality score of 22 (-q 22) and a minimum length of 40 (-l 40). Both batches of sequence data produced as part of this study were additionally length trimmed to reduce the read length of the newer sequence data to match the base length of the older sequence data (-b 69). Mapping, Variant Calling, and Filtering We used the program bwa v0.7.17 to index the reference genome S. vulgaris vAU1.0 and align the trimmed DArT reads using the bwa aln function (-B 5 to trim the first 5 base pairs of each read), which is optimised for single-end short reads. This was then followed by the bwa samse function for producing the SAM formatted output files containing the alignments and their respective base qualities. Alignments were then sorted and indexed using samtools v1.16.1, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were subsequently called and annotated using bcftools v1.16 with the mpileup (-a "DP,AD,SP", --ignore-RG) and call (-mv, -f GQ) functions. We removed known technical replicates and identified relatives from the data. vcftools v0.1.15 was used to remove indels (--remove-indels), and quality filter for a minimum site quality score of 30 (--minQ30), minimum genotype quality score of 20 (--minGQ 20), and minimum and maximum depth of coverage of 5 (--minDP 5) and 100 (--maxDP 100). Then, to account for batch effects that may impact the sequenced loci, we kept only SNPs present in at least 50% of the individuals in each sampling location. We ran one final filtering step to ensure appropriate levels of missingness and rare alleles using the following parameters: maximum missingness per site of 30% (--max-missing 0.7), minor allele count of 5 (--mac 5), and a minimum and maximum allele per locus of 2 (--min-alleles 2 --max-alleles 2), resulting in a dataset containing 19,174 SNPs and 141 individuals.
The Major Name data table is part of NZ Suburbs and Localities Dataset. Major names describe the wider area in which the boundary is located.
NZ Suburbs and Localities is an easy to use layer generated from the normalised NZ Suburbs and Localities Dataset. It describes the spatial extent and name of communities in urban areas (suburbs) and rural areas (localities) for navigation and location purposes.
The suburb and locality boundaries cover New Zealand including North Island, South Island, Stewart Island/Rakiura, Chatham Islands, and nearby offshore islands.
Each suburb and locality is assigned a name, major name, Territorial Authority and, if appropriate, additional in use names. A population estimate is provided for each suburb and locality by Stats NZ.
For more information please refer to the NZ Suburbs and Localities Guidance documents:
Data Dictionary "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/suburbs-and-localities-data">Change Request Process "https://www.linz.govt.nz/products-services/data/types-linz-data/suburbs-and-localities-data">Change Request Principles, Requirements and Rules Changes to NZ Suburbs and Localities can be requested by emailing addresses@linz.govt.nz
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
人口:北岛(NI)在06-01-2024达4,044,600.000人,相较于06-01-2023的3,973,400.000人有所增长。人口:北岛(NI)数据按年更新,06-01-1996至06-01-2024期间平均值为3,311,700.000人,共29份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于06-01-2024,达4,044,600.000人,而历史最低值则出现于06-01-1996,为2,810,100.000人。CEIC提供的人口:北岛(NI)数据处于定期更新的状态,数据来源于Stats NZ,数据归类于全球数据库的新西兰 – Table NZ.G005: Population: by Region。
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
Refer to the 'Current Geographic Boundaries Table' layer for a list of all current geographies and recent updates.
This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 2 (SA2) boundaries as at 1 January 2025 as defined by Stats NZ. This version contains 2,395 SA2s (2,379 digitised and 16 with empty or null geometries (non-digitised)).
SA2 is an output geography that provides higher aggregations of population data than can be provided at the statistical area 1 (SA1) level. The SA2 geography aims to reflect communities that interact together socially and economically. In populated areas, SA2s generally contain similar sized populations.
The SA2 should:
form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,
excluding exceptions below, allow the release of multivariate statistics with minimal data suppression,
capture a similar type of area, such as a high-density urban area, farmland, wilderness area, and water area,
be socially homogeneous and capture a community of interest. It may have, for example:
form a nested hierarchy with statistical output geographies and administrative boundaries. It must:
SA2s in city council areas generally have a population of 2,000–4,000 residents while SA2s in district council areas generally have a population of 1,000–3,000 residents.
In major urban areas, an SA2 or a group of SA2s often approximates a single suburb. In rural areas, rural settlements are included in their respective SA2 with the surrounding rural area.
SA2s in urban areas where there is significant business and industrial activity, for example ports, airports, industrial, commercial, and retail areas, often have fewer than 1,000 residents. These SA2s are useful for analysing business demographics, labour markets, and commuting patterns.
In rural areas, some SA2s have fewer than 1,000 residents because they are in conservation areas or contain sparse populations that cover a large area.
To minimise suppression of population data, small islands with zero or low populations close to the mainland, and marinas are generally included in their adjacent land-based SA2.
Zero or nominal population SA2s
To ensure that the SA2 geography covers all of New Zealand and aligns with New Zealand’s topography and local government boundaries, some SA2s have zero or nominal populations. These include:
400001; New Zealand Economic Zone, 400002; Oceanic Kermadec Islands, 400003; Kermadec Islands, 400004; Oceanic Oil Rig Taranaki, 400005; Oceanic Campbell Island, 400006; Campbell Island, 400007; Oceanic Oil Rig Southland, 400008; Oceanic Auckland Islands, 400009; Auckland Islands, 400010 ; Oceanic Bounty Islands, 400011; Bounty Islands, 400012; Oceanic Snares Islands, 400013; Snares Islands, 400014; Oceanic Antipodes Islands, 400015; Antipodes Islands, 400016; Ross Dependency.
SA2 numbering and naming
Each SA2 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a geographic feature or a recognised place name or suburb. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA2s are differentiated by their territorial authority name, for example, Gladstone (Carterton District) and Gladstone (Invercargill City).
SA2 codes have six digits. North Island SA2 codes start with a 1 or 2, South Island SA2 codes start with a 3 and non-digitised SA2 codes start with a 4. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. To ensure the north–south code pattern is maintained, the SA2 codes were given 00 for the last two digits when the geography was created in 2018. When SA2 names or boundaries change only the last two digits of the code will change.
High-definition version
This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre.
Macrons
Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.
Digital data
Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.
Further information
To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā
For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.
Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
Refer to the 'Current Geographic Boundaries Table' layer for a list of all current geographies and recent updates.
This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 3 (SA3) boundaries as at 1 January 2025 as defined by Stats NZ. This version contains 929 SA3s, including 4 non-digitised SA3s.
The SA3 geography aims to meet three purposes:
SA3s in major, large, and medium urban areas were created by combining SA2s to approximate suburbs as delineated in the Fire and Emergency NZ (FENZ) Localities dataset. Some of the resulting SA3s have very large populations.
Outside of major, large, and medium urban areas, SA3s generally have populations of 5,000–10,000. These SA3s may represent either a single small urban area, a combination of small urban areas and their surrounding rural SA2s, or a combination of rural SA2s.
Zero or nominal population SA3s
To minimise the amount of unsuppressed data that can be provided in multivariate statistical tables, SA2s with fewer than 1,000 residents are combined with other SA2s wherever possible to reach the 1,000 SA3 population target. However, there are still a number of SA3s with zero or nominal populations.
Small population SA2s designed to maintain alignment between territorial authority and regional council geographies are merged with other SA2s to reach the 5,000–10,000 SA3 population target. These merges mean that some SA3s do not align with regional council boundaries but are aligned to territorial authority.
Small population island SA2s are included in their adjacent land-based SA3.
Island SA2s outside territorial authority or region are the same in the SA3 geography.
Inland water SA2s are aggregated and named by territorial authority, as in the urban rural classification.
Inlet SA2s are aggregated and named by territorial authority or regional council where the water area is outside the territorial authority.
Oceanic SA2s translate directly to SA3s as they are already aggregated to regional council.
The 16 non-digitised SA2s are aggregated to the following 4 non-digitised SA3s (SA3 code; SA3 name):
70001; Oceanic outside region, 70002; Oceanic oil rigs, 70003; Islands outside region, 70004; Ross Dependency outside region.
SA3 numbering and naming
Each SA3 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a suburb, recognised place name, or portion of a territorial authority. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA3s are differentiated by their territorial authority, for example, Hillcrest (Hamilton City) and Hillcrest (Rotorua District).
SA3 codes have five digits. North Island SA3 codes start with a 5, South Island SA3 codes start with a 6 and non-digitised SA3 codes start with a 7. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. When first created in 2025, the last digit of each code was 0. When SA3 boundaries change in future, only the last digit of the code will change to ensure the north-south pattern is maintained.
High-definition version
This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre.
Macrons
Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.
Digital data
Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007
Further information
To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā
For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.
Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz
https://data.linz.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://data.linz.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
The Territorial Authority data table is part of NZ Suburbs and Localities Dataset. This table contains the linkage between suburbs and localities data and Territorial Authorities. Most suburbs and localities are located in one or multiple Territorial Authorities. Please note some offshore islands are not included in Territorial Authority boundaries.
NZ Suburbs and Localities is an easy to use layer generated from the normalised NZ Suburbs and Localities Dataset. It describes the spatial extent and name of communities in urban areas (suburbs) and rural areas (localities) for navigation and location purposes.
The suburb and locality boundaries cover New Zealand including North Island, South Island, Stewart Island/Rakiura, Chatham Islands, and nearby offshore islands.
Each suburb and locality is assigned a name, major name, Territorial Authority and, if appropriate, additional in use names. A population estimate is provided for each suburb and locality by Stats NZ.
For more information please refer to the NZ Suburbs and Localities Guidance documents:
Data Dictionary Change Request Process Change Request Principles, Requirements and Rules Changes to NZ Suburbs and Localities can be requested by emailing addresses@linz.govt.nz
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
LINZ Data Service (LDS) Item Page - NZ Suburbs and Localities | LINZ Data ServiceNZ Suburbs and Localities describes the spatial extent and name of communities in urban areas (suburbs) and rural areas (localities) for navigation and location purposes.The suburb and locality boundaries cover New Zealand including North Island, South Island, Stewart Island/Rakiura, Chatham Islands, and nearby offshore islands.Each suburb and locality is assigned a name, major name, Territorial Authority and, if appropriate, additional in use names. A population estimate is provided for each suburb and locality by Stats NZ.For more information please refer to the NZ Suburbs and Localities Guidance documents:Data DictionaryChange Request ProcessChange Request Principles, Requirements and RulesChanges to NZ Suburbs and Localities can be requested by emailing addresses@linz.govt.nz
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
Statistical area 3 (SA3) is a new output geography, introduced in 2023, that allows aggregations of population data between the SA2 geography and territorial authority geography.
This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released statistical area 3 (SA3) boundaries as at 1 January 2023 as defined by Stats NZ. This version contains 929 SA3s, including 4 non-digitised SA3s.
The SA3 geography aims to meet three purposes:
SA3s in major, large, and medium urban areas were created by combining SA2s to approximate suburbs as delineated in the Fire and Emergency NZ (FENZ) Localities dataset. Some of the resulting SA3s have very large populations.
Outside of major, large, and medium urban areas, SA3s generally have populations of 5,000–10,000. These SA3s may represent either a single small urban area, a combination of small urban areas and their surrounding rural SA2s, or a combination of rural SA2s.
Zero or nominal population SA3s
To minimise the amount of unsuppressed data that can be provided in multivariate statistical tables, SA2s with fewer than 1,000 residents are combined with other SA2s wherever possible to reach the 1,000 SA3 population target. However, there are still a number of SA3s with zero or nominal populations.
Small population SA2s designed to maintain alignment between territorial authority and regional council geographies are merged with other SA2s to reach the 5,000–10,000 SA3 population target. These merges mean that some SA3s do not align with regional council boundaries but are aligned to territorial authority.
Small population island SA2s are included in their adjacent land-based SA3.
Island SA2s outside territorial authority or region are the same in the SA3 geography.
Inland water SA2s are aggregated and named by territorial authority, as in the urban rural classification.
Inlet SA2s are aggregated and named by territorial authority or regional council where the water area is outside the territorial authority.
Oceanic SA2s translate directly to SA3s as they are already aggregated to regional council.
The 16 non-digitised SA2s are aggregated to the following 4 non-digitised SA3s (SA3 code; SA3 name):
70001; Oceanic outside region, 70002; Oceanic oil rigs, 70003; Islands outside region, 70004; Ross Dependency outside region.
SA3 numbering and naming
Each SA3 is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code. The name refers to a suburb,recognised place name, or portion of a territorial authority. In some instances where place names are the same or very similar, the SA3s are differentiated by their territorial authority, for example, Hillcrest (Hamilton City) and Hillcrest (Rotorua District).
SA3 codes have five digits. North Island SA3 codes start with a 5, South Island SA3 codes start with a 6 and non-digitised SA3 codes start with a 7. They are numbered approximately north to south within their respective territorial authorities. When first created in 2023, the last digit of each code was 0. When SA3 boundaries change in future, only the last digit of the code will change to ensure the north-south pattern is maintained.
For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.
Clipped version
This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries.
Macrons
Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.
Digital data
Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.
To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
LINZ Data Service (LDS) Item Page - NZ Suburbs and Localities | LINZ Data ServiceNZ Suburbs and Localities describes the spatial extent and name of communities in urban areas (suburbs) and rural areas (localities) for navigation and location purposes.The suburb and locality boundaries cover New Zealand including North Island, South Island, Stewart Island/Rakiura, Chatham Islands, and nearby offshore islands.Each suburb and locality is assigned a name, major name, Territorial Authority and, if appropriate, additional in use names. A population estimate is provided for each suburb and locality by Stats NZ.For more information please refer to the NZ Suburbs and Localities Guidance documents:Data DictionaryChange Request ProcessChange Request Principles, Requirements and RulesChanges to NZ Suburbs and Localities can be requested by emailing addresses@linz.govt.nz
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
Refer to the 'Current Geographic Boundaries Table' layer for a list of all current geographies and recent updates.
This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released urban rural (UR) boundaries as at 1 January 2025 as defined by Stats NZ, clipped to the coastline. This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries. This version contains 689 UR areas, including 195 urban areas and 402 rural settlements.
Urban rural (UR) is an output geography that classifies New Zealand into areas that share common urban or rural characteristics and is used to disseminate a broad range of Stats NZ’s social, demographic and economic statistics.
The UR separately identifies urban areas, rural settlements, other rural areas, and water areas. Urban areas and rural settlements are form-based geographies delineated by the inspection of aerial imagery, local government land designations on district plan maps, address registers, property title data, and any other available information. However, because the underlying meshblock pattern is used to define the geographies, boundaries may not align exactly with local government land designations or what can be seen in aerial images. Other rural areas, and bodies of water represent areas not included within an urban area.
Urban areas are built from the statistical area 2 (SA2) geography, while rural and water areas are built from the statistical area 1 (SA1) geography.
Urban areas
Urban areas are statistically defined areas with no administrative or legal basis. They are characterised by high population density with many built environment features where people and buildings are located close together for residential, cultural, productive, trade and social purposes.
Urban areas are delineated using the following criteria. They:
form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA2s,
contain an estimated resident population of more than 1,000 people and usually have a population density of more than 400 residents or 200 address points per square kilometre,
have a high coverage of built physical structures and artificial landscapes such as:
have strong economic ties where people gather together to work, and for social, cultural, and recreational interaction,
have planned development within the next 5–8 years.
Urban boundaries are independent of local government and other administrative boundaries. However, the Richmond urban area, which is mainly in the Tasman District, is the only urban area that crosses territorial authority boundaries
Rural areas
Rural areas are classified as rural settlements or other rural.
Rural settlements
Rural settlements are statistically defined areas with no administrative or legal basis. A rural settlement is a cluster of residential dwellings about a place that usually contains at least one community or public building.
Rural settlements are delineated using the following criteria. They:
form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,
contain an estimated resident population of 200–1,000, or at least 40 residential dwellings,
represent a reasonably compact area or have a visible centre of population with a population density of at least 200 residents per square kilometre or 100 address points per square kilometre,
contain at least one community or public building, such as a church, school, or shop.
To reach the target SA2 population size of more than 1,000 residents, rural settlements are usually included with other rural SA1s to form an SA2. In some instances, the settlement and the SA2 have the same name, for example, Kirwee rural settlement is part of the Kirwee SA2.
Some rural settlements whose populations are just under 1,000 are a single SA2. Creating separate SA2s for these rural settlements allows for easy reclassification to urban areas if their populations grow beyond 1,000.
Other rural
Other rural areas are the mainland areas and islands located outside urban areas or rural settlements. Other rural areas include land used for agriculture and forestry, conservation areas, and regional and national parks. Other rural areas are defined by territorial authority.
Water
Bodies of water are classified separately, using the land/water demarcation classification described in the Statistical standard for meshblock. These water areas are not named and are defined by territorial authority or regional council.
The water classes include:
inland water – non-contiguous, defined by territorial authority,
inlets (which also includes tidal areas and harbours) – non-contiguous, defined by territorial authority,
oceanic – non-contiguous, defined by regional council.
To minimise suppression of population data, separate meshblocks have been created for marinas. These meshblocks are attached to adjacent land in the UR geography.
Non-digitised
The following 4 non-digitised UR areas have been aggregated from the 16 non-digitised meshblocks/SA2s.
6901; Oceanic outside region, 6902; Oceanic oil rigs, 6903; Islands outside region, 6904; Ross Dependency outside region.
UR numbering and naming
Each urban area and rural settlement is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code.
Other rural areas, inland water areas, and inlets are defined by territorial authority; oceanic areas are defined by regional council; and each have a name and a numeric code.
Urban rural codes have four digits. North Island locations start with a 1, South Island codes start with a 2, oceanic codes start with a 6 and non-digitised codes start with 69.
Urban rural indicator (IUR)
The accompanying urban rural indicator (IUR) classifies the urban, rural, and water areas by type. Urban areas are further classified by the size of their estimated resident population:
This was based on 2018 Census data and 2021 population estimates. Their IUR status (urban area size/rural settlement) may change if the 2025 Census population count moves them up or down a category.
The indicators, by name, with their codes in brackets, are:
urban area – major urban (11), large urban (12), medium urban (13), small urban (14),
rural area – rural settlement (21), rural other (22),
water – inland water (31), inlet (32), oceanic (33).
Clipped Version
This clipped version has been created for cartographic purposes and so does not fully represent the official full extent boundaries.
High definition version
This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre.
Macrons
Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.
Digital data
Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.
Further information
To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā
For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.
Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz
According to a survey conducted in 2020, there were around **** thousand bee colonies in the middle North Island of New Zealand. This region reported the highest bee colony loss in the winter of 2020.
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.htmlhttps://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
The crucial steps in biological invasions, related to the shaping of genetic architecture and the current evolution of adaptations to a novel environment, usually occur in small populations during the phases of introduction and establishment. However, these processes are difficult to track in nature due to invasion lag, large geographic and temporal scales compared with human observation capabilities, the frequent depletion of genetic variance, admixture and other phenomena. In this study, we compared genetic and historical evidence related to the invasion of the West European hedgehog to New Zealand to infer details about the introduction and establishment. Historical information indicates that the species was initially established on the South Island. A molecular assay of populations from Great Britain and New Zealand using mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci was performed based on a set of analyses including approximate Bayesian computation, a powerful approach for disentangling complex population demographies. According to these analyses, the population of the North Island was most similar to that of the native area and showed greatest reduction in genetic variation caused by founder demography and/or drift. This evidence indicated the location of the establishment phase. The hypothesis was corroborated by data on climate and urbanization. We discuss the contrasting results obtained by the molecular and historical approaches in the light of their different explanatory power and the possible biases influencing the description of particular aspects of invasions, and we advocate the integration of the two types of approaches in invasion biology.
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/license/attribution-4-0-international/
Refer to the 'Current Geographic Boundaries Table' layer for a list of all current geographies and recent updates.
This dataset is the definitive version of the annually released urban rural (UR) boundaries as at 1 January 2025 as defined by Stats NZ. This version contains 689 UR areas, including 195 urban areas and 402 rural settlements.
Urban rural (UR) is an output geography that classifies New Zealand into areas that share common urban or rural characteristics and is used to disseminate a broad range of Stats NZ’s social, demographic and economic statistics.
The UR separately identifies urban areas, rural settlements, other rural areas, and water areas. Urban areas and rural settlements are form-based geographies delineated by the inspection of aerial imagery, local government land designations on district plan maps, address registers, property title data, and any other available information. However, because the underlying meshblock pattern is used to define the geographies, boundaries may not align exactly with local government land designations or what can be seen in aerial images. Other rural areas, and bodies of water represent areas not included within an urban area.
Urban areas are built from the statistical area 2 (SA2) geography, while rural and water areas are built from the statistical area 1 (SA1) geography.
Urban areas
Urban areas are statistically defined areas with no administrative or legal basis. They are characterised by high population density with many built environment features where people and buildings are located close together for residential, cultural, productive, trade and social purposes.
Urban areas are delineated using the following criteria. They:
form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA2s,
contain an estimated resident population of more than 1,000 people and usually have a population density of more than 400 residents or 200 address points per square kilometre,
have a high coverage of built physical structures and artificial landscapes such as:
have strong economic ties where people gather together to work, and for social, cultural, and recreational interaction,
have planned development within the next 5–8 years.
Urban boundaries are independent of local government and other administrative boundaries. However, the Richmond urban area, which is mainly in the Tasman District, is the only urban area that crosses territorial authority boundaries
Rural areas
Rural areas are classified as rural settlements or other rural.
Rural settlements
Rural settlements are statistically defined areas with no administrative or legal basis. A rural settlement is a cluster of residential dwellings about a place that usually contains at least one community or public building.
Rural settlements are delineated using the following criteria. They:
form a contiguous cluster of one or more SA1s,
contain an estimated resident population of 200–1,000, or at least 40 residential dwellings,
represent a reasonably compact area or have a visible centre of population with a population density of at least 200 residents per square kilometre or 100 address points per square kilometre,
contain at least one community or public building, such as a church, school, or shop.
To reach the target SA2 population size of more than 1,000 residents, rural settlements are usually included with other rural SA1s to form an SA2. In some instances, the settlement and the SA2 have the same name, for example, Kirwee rural settlement is part of the Kirwee SA2.
Some rural settlements whose populations are just under 1,000 are a single SA2. Creating separate SA2s for these rural settlements allows for easy reclassification to urban areas if their populations grow beyond 1,000.
Other rural
Other rural areas are the mainland areas and islands located outside urban areas or rural settlements. Other rural areas include land used for agriculture and forestry, conservation areas, and regional and national parks. Other rural areas are defined by territorial authority.
Water
Bodies of water are classified separately, using the land/water demarcation classification described in the Statistical standard for meshblock. These water areas are not named and are defined by territorial authority or regional council.
The water classes include:
inland water – non-contiguous, defined by territorial authority,
inlets (which also includes tidal areas and harbours) – non-contiguous, defined by territorial authority,
oceanic – non-contiguous, defined by regional council.
To minimise suppression of population data, separate meshblocks have been created for marinas. These meshblocks are attached to adjacent land in the UR geography.
Non-digitised
The following 4 non-digitised UR areas have been aggregated from the 16 non-digitised meshblocks/SA2s.
6901; Oceanic outside region, 6902; Oceanic oil rigs, 6903; Islands outside region, 6904; Ross Dependency outside region.
UR numbering and naming
Each urban area and rural settlement is a single geographic entity with a name and a numeric code.
Other rural areas, inland water areas, and inlets are defined by territorial authority; oceanic areas are defined by regional council; and each have a name and a numeric code.
Urban rural codes have four digits. North Island locations start with a 1, South Island codes start with a 2, oceanic codes start with a 6 and non-digitised codes start with 69.
Urban rural indicator (IUR)
The accompanying urban rural indicator (IUR) classifies the urban, rural, and water areas by type. Urban areas are further classified by the size of their estimated resident population:
This was based on 2018 Census data and 2021 population estimates. Their IUR status (urban area size/rural settlement) may change if the 2025 Census population count moves them up or down a category.
The indicators, by name, with their codes in brackets, are:
urban area – major urban (11), large urban (12), medium urban (13), small urban (14),
rural area – rural settlement (21), rural other (22),
water – inland water (31), inlet (32), oceanic (33).
High definition version
This high definition (HD) version is the most detailed geometry, suitable for use in GIS for geometric analysis operations and for the computation of areas, centroids and other metrics. The HD version is aligned to the LINZ cadastre.
Macrons
Names are provided with and without tohutō/macrons. The column name for those without macrons is suffixed ‘ascii’.
Digital data
Digital boundary data became freely available on 1 July 2007.
Further information
To download geographic classifications in table formats such as CSV please use Ariā
For more information please refer to the Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023.
Contact: geography@stats.govt.nz
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
New Zealand Population: North Island (NI) data was reported at 4,044,600.000 Person in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,973,400.000 Person for 2023. New Zealand Population: North Island (NI) data is updated yearly, averaging 3,311,700.000 Person from Jun 1996 (Median) to 2024, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,044,600.000 Person in 2024 and a record low of 2,810,100.000 Person in 1996. New Zealand Population: North Island (NI) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Stats NZ. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.G005: Population: by Region.