Abstract

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the changes in the growth, composition and structure of organized manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The survey has so far been conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 1953 and the rules framed there-under in 1959 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964. From ASI 2010-11 onwards, the survey is to be conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 2008 and the rules framed there-under in 2011 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is to be conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964.

ASI schedule is the basic tool to collect required data for the factories registered under Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948. The schedule for ASI, at present, has two parts. Part-I of ASI schedule, processed at the CSO (IS Wing), Kolkata, aims to collect data on assets and liabilities, employment and labour cost, receipts, expenses, input items: indigenous and imported, products and by-Products, distributive expenses, etc. Part-II of ASI schedule is processed by the Labour Bureau. It aims to collect data on different aspects of labour statistics, namely, working days, man-days worked, absenteeism, labour turnover, man-hours worked etc.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends its coverage to the entire country upto state level.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. From ASI 2016-17, a new sampling design is adopted following the recommendations of the Sub-Group of the SCIS under the Chairmanship of Dr. G.C. Manna and approved by the SCIS and the National Statistical Commission (NSC) subsequently. According to the new sampling design, all the units in the updated frame are divided into two parts - Central Sample and State Sample. The Central Sample consists of two schemes: Census and Sample. Under Census scheme, all the units are surveyed. (1) Census Scheme: (i) All industrial units belonging to the seven less industrially developed States/ UTs viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. (ii) For the States/ UTs other than those mentioned in (i), (a) units having 75 or more employees from six States, namely, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Kerala; (b) units having 50 or more employees from three States/UTs, namely, Chandigarh, Delhi and Puducherry; (c) units having 100 or more employees for rest of the States/UTs, not mentioned in (a) and (b) above and; (d) all factories covered under 'Joint Return' (JR), where JR should be allowed when the two or more units located in the same State/UT, same sector and belongto the same industry (3-digit level of NIC-2008) under the same management. (iii) After excluding the Census Scheme units in the above manner, all units belonging to the strata (State x District x Sector x 3 digit NIC-2008) having less than or equal to 4 units are also considered under Census Scheme. It may be noted that strata are separately formed under three sectors considered as Bidi, Manufacturing and Electricity.

(2) All the remaining units in the frame are considered under Sample Scheme. For all the states, each stratum is formed on the basis of State x District x Sector x 3-digit NIC-2008. The units are arranged in descending order of their total number of employees. Samples are drawn using Circular Systematic Sampling technique for this scheme. An even number of units with a minimum of 4 units are selected and distributed in four sub-samples. It may be noted that in certain cases each of 4 sub-samples from a particular stratum may not have equal number of units. (3) Out of these 4 sub-samples, two pre-assigned sub-samples (1 & 3) are given to NSSO (FOD) and the other two-subsamples (2 & 4) are given to concerned State/UT for data collection. (4) All census units plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to NSSO (FOD) are treated as the Central Sample. (5) All census units plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to State/UT are treated as the State Sample. Hence, State/UT has to use Census Units (collected by NSSO (FOD) and processed by CSO (IS Wing)) along with their sub-samples while deriving the state level estimates for their respective State/UT based on State Sample. (6) All census units plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to NSSO (FOD) plus all the units belonging to the two sub-samples given to State/UT are required for obtaining pooled estimates based on Central Sample and State Sample with increased sample size.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Annual Survey of Industries Questionnaire is divided into different blocks:

BLOCK A.IDENTIFICATION BLOCK - This block has been designed to collect the descriptive identification of the sample enterprise. The items are mostly self-explanatory.

BLOCK B. TO BE FILLED BY OWNER OF THE FACTORY - This block has been designed to collect the particulars of the sample enterprise. This point onwards, all the facts and figures in this return are to be filled in by owner of the factory.

BLOCK C: FIXED ASSETS - Fixed assets are of a permanent nature having a productive life of more than one year, which is meant for earning revenue directly or indirectly and not for the purpose of sale in ordinary course of business. They include assets used for production, transportation, living or recreational facilities, hospital, school, etc. Intangible fixed assets like goodwill, preliminary expenses including drawing and design etc are excluded for the purpose of ASI. The fixed assets have, at the start of their functions, a definite value, which decreases with wear and tear. The original cost less depreciation indicates that part of value of fixed assets, which has not yet been transferred to the output. This value is called the residual value. The value of a fixed asset, which has completed its theoretical working life should always be recorded as Re.1/-. The revalued value is considered now. But depreciation will be taken on original cost and not on revalued cost.

BLOCK D: WORKING CAPITAL & LOANS - Working capital represents the excess of total current assets over total current liabilities.

BLOCK E : EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST - Particulars in this block should relate to all persons who work in and for the establishment including working proprietors and active business partners and unpaid family workers. However, Directors of incorporated enterprises who are paid solely for their attendance at meeting of the Board of Directors are to be excluded.

BLOCK F : OTHER EXPENSES - This block includes the cost of other inputs as both the industrial and nonindustrial service rendered by others, which are paid by the factory and most of which are reflected in the ex-factory value of its production during the accounting year.

BLOCK G : OTHER INCOMES - In this block, information on other output/receipts is to be reported.

BLOCK H: INPUT ITEMS (indigenous items consumed) - This block covers all those goods (raw materials, components, chemicals, packing material, etc.), which entered into the production process of the factory during the accounting year. Any material used in the production of fixed assets (including construction work) for the factory's own use should also be included. All intermediate products consumed during the year are to be excluded. Intermediate products are those, which are produced by the factory but are, subjected to further manufacture. For example, in a cotton textile mill, yarn is produced from raw cotton and the same yarn is again used for manufacture of cloth. An intermediate product may also be a final product in the same factory. For example, if the yarn produced by the factory is sold as yarn, it becomes a final product and not an intermediate product. If however, a part of the yarn produced by a factory is consumed by it for manufacture of cloth, that part of the yarn so used will be an intermediate product.

BLOCK I: INPUT ITEMS - directly imported items only (consumed) - Information in this block is to be reported for all imported items consumed. The items are to be imported by the factory directly or otherwise. The instructions for filling up of this block are same as those for Block H. All imported goods irrespective of whether

Abstract

The unorganised sector holds the key to understanding the economic situation in developing countries such as India. The importance of this sector had been realised by the Indian planners and policy makers in the 1950s. The need for statistical information about it was also widely recognised. The household-based nonagricultural activities had been covered by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) since 1950. In all the surveys, the relevant activities of a sample of households were covered irrespective of their scale of operations except the manufacturing activities carried out by the enterprises registered under the Factories Act, 1948.

In the early 1970s, at the time of formulation of the Fifth Five Year Plan, the Planning Commission was concerned about the employment and earnings of the self employed in non-agricultural activities. The NSSO therefore devoted the 29th round (1974-75) mainly to a survey of selfemployed own account workers engaged in non-agricultural enterprises in different sectors in rural as well as urban areas. The household enterprises covered by the survey were those operated by own account workers(i.e., those not employing any hired worker) and those household enterprises which did not usually employ more than 5 hired workers. However, units engaged in manufacturing and repairing services registered under Factories Act were excluded from the survey.

The household approach of identifying the units excluded the nonhousehold based units in the unorganised sector. Further, a review of the surveys indicated that a better sampling frame was necessary to generate reasonably useful statistics on unorganised sector. The need for identifying areas with a concentration of enterprises was, therefore, felt for ensuring an efficient sampling for the future surveys. A country-wide economic census, the first of its kind, was undertaken in 1977 under the auspices of the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) to provide a good frame and background information needed for formulating an efficient sampling design.

The scope of the 1977 economic census was limited to non-agricultural enterprises employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. The enterprises employing at least one hired worker are called 'establishments'. Following this census, small establishments and enterprises not employing any hired worker on a fairly regular basis (these units are called own account enterprises (OAEs)) engaged in manufacturing and repairing activities were surveyed in 33rd round of NSS during 1978-79.

The second economic census was undertaken in 1980 along with the houselisting operations of the 1981 population census. The scope and coverage of the second economic census was enlarged to include the own account enterprises (OAEs) engaged in activities other than crop production and plantation. The establishments were divided into two categories as (i) Directory Establishments (DEs) and (ii) Non-Directory Establishments (NDEs), the difference being that the former employed a total of six or more workers, while the latter employed a total of five or less workers. Thus, in all, three types of enterprises were formed, viz., (i) OAEs, (ii) NDEs and (iii) DEs in the second economic census. As a follow-up to the second economic census, OAEs and NDEs engaged in manufacturing and repairing activities (i.e., OAMEs and NDMEs respectively) were surveyed in the 40th and 45th rounds of NSS during July 1984-June 1985 and July 1989-June 1990 respectively. The Directory Manufacturing Establishments (DMEs) were surveyed during October 1984-September 1985 and October 1989 to September 1990 by field staff of NSSO under the technical guidance of CSO.

A third economic census was conducted in 1990 along with the house listing operations of the 1991 population census. As a follow-up to the third economic census, the first integrated survey on unorganised manufacture covering own account manufacturing and repairing enterprises(OAMEs), Non-Directory manufacturing and repairing establishments (NDMEs) and Directory manufacturing and repairing establishments (DMEs) were undertaken during the 51st round (July 1994-June 1995) under the technical guidance of NSSO.

In the 51st round all manufacturing and repairing enterprises covered by the two-digit codes (called divisions) 20 to 39 and 97 under the revised National Industrial Classification of different economic activities, 1987 (henceforth in this report termed NIC, 1987) were considered for survey purpose. Hereafter, the term enterprises will mean manufacturing and repairing enterprises or establishments as the case may be.

Enterprises which were registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 (i.e., enterprises employing 10 or more workers using power and those employing 20 or more workers without power) and bidi and cigar manufacturing enterprises registered under bidi and cigar workers (condition of employment) Act, 1966 were not covered in this survey. These enterprises, not covered in the 51st round survey, were covered in the Annual Survey of Industries undertaken by CSO.

The 51st round survey of unorganised manufacturing and repairing enterprises covered, in the central sample, the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Ladakh, Kargil, Anantnag, Pulwara, Srinagar, Badgam, Baramulla and Kupwara districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) 768 interior villages of Nagaland (out of a total of 1232 villages) situated beyond five kilometers of the bus route and (iii) 195 villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (out of a total of 549 villages) which remained inaccessible throughout the year. Thus the corresponding State/U.T. level estimates and the All-India results presented in this report are based on the areas other than those left out from the survey coverage.

In the case of central sample, 8214 villages were surveyed in rural areas and 5258 enumeration blocks/Urban-frame survey blocks were surveyed in urban areas (villages/urban blocks with no manufacturing unit surveyed, in spite of having some enterprises in these villages/urban blocks, are excluded from this count). Detailed information was collected from each of the selected enterprises of the sample villages and blocks.

Geographic coverage

NSS 51st round survey covered the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Ladakh, Kargil, Anantanag, Pulwama, Srinagar, Badgam, Baramula and Kupwara districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 Kms. of a bus route and (iii) villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands remaining inaccessible throughout the year (the areas left out from the survey coverage had a share of about 0.62 per cent in the total population of the country). Thus the corresponding state/u.t. level estimates and the all-India results presented in the report are based on the areas other than those left out from the survey coverage.

Analysis unit

• Enterprise
• Household

Universe

All manufacturing and repairing enterprises covered by the two-digit codes (called divisions) 20 to 39 and 97 under the revised National Industrial Classification of different economic activities, 1987 were considered for survey purpose.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In 51st round the total number of villages and blocks surveyed at the national level was 13690 for the central sample. These samples were classified into two categories as "Sample-1" and "Sample-2" in both rural and urban areas. The samples of sample-1 were distributed over the four sub-rounds in equal numbers, whereas for sample-2, there was no sub-round restriction. The survey period of 51st round was July 1994 - June 1995.

A stratified two-stage sampling design was adopted. The first stage units (FSUs) were the villages (panchayat wards in Kerala) in rural areas and urban blocks in urban areas. In particular, for the urban areas, enumeration blocks (EBs) were taken as FSUs where 1990 economic census (EC -90) frame was used and NSSO urban frame survey (UFS) blocks otherwise. The second stage units (SSUs) were the manufacturing and repairing enterprises in the selected FSUs. 2 Allocation of sample FSUs between rural and urban areas State/UT level total sample size (i.e.,total number of villages and blocks to be surveyed) was allocated between rural and urban areas in proportion to population as per 1991 population census with double weightage to the urban areas. The total sample size for both rural and urban areas, as mentioned above, was equally divided into two sample types, namely Sample-1 and Sample-2.

Sampling frame: For rural areas, list of villages showing number of OAMEs, NDMEs and DMEs as per 1990 economic census was used as the sampling frame for selection of FSUs, for both the sample types, in different States/UTs except Jammu & Kashmir(J & K), Arunachal Pradesh and Nicobar district of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. For the state of Kerala, however, list of Panchayat wards, giving count of OAMEs, NDMEs and DMEs at panchayat level as per 1990 economic census, was used. For Jammu & Kashmir, list of 1981 population census villages, while for Nicobar district of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, list of 1991 population census villages was used. In Arunachal Pradesh, list of villages as per 1991 population census was used as the sampling frame for selection of sample "nucleus" villages around which clusters were formed. In urban areas, list of EBs as per 1990 economic census constituted the sampling frame for Class 1 towns (except in Jammu & Kashmir) of sample type 1 and for all towns (except J & K) of sample type 2. The list of UFS blocks was used as the sampling frame for all towns of Jammu & Kashmir and other than class 1 towns of the other states for sample type 1, and for all towns

Abstract

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the changes in the growth, composition and structure of organized manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The survey has so far been conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 1953 and the rules framed there-under in 1959 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964. From ASI 2010-11 onwards, the survey is to be conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 2008 and the rules framed there-under in 2011 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is to be conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964.

ASI schedule is the basic tool to collect required data for the factories registered under Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948. The schedule for ASI, at present, has two parts. Part-I of ASI schedule, processed at the CSO (IS Wing), Kolkata, aims to collect data on assets and liabilities, employment and labour cost, receipts, expenses, input items: indigenous and imported, products and by-Products, distributive expenses, etc. Part-II of ASI schedule is processed by the Labour Bureau. It aims to collect data on different aspects of labour statistics, namely, working days, man-days worked, absenteeism, labour turnover, man-hours worked etc.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends its coverage to the entire country upto state level.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. The earlier sampling design had been adopted from ASI 2007-08 to ASI 2011-12. From ASI 2012-13, a new sampling design has been adopted following the recommendation of Dr. S. L.Shetty Committee and approved by the SCIS subsequently. According to the new sampling design, all the factories in the updated frame are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Census Sector: Census Sector consists of the following units: a) All industrial units belonging to the six less industrially developed states/ UT's viz.Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. b) For the rest of the twenty-six states/ UT's., (i) units having 100 or more employees, and (ii) all factories covered under Joint Returns. c) After excluding the Census scheme units, as defined above, all units belonging to the strata (District x 4 digit NIC 2008) having less than or equal to 4 units are also considered under Census Scheme.

Sample Sector Remaining units, excluding those of Census Sector, called the sample sector, are arranged in order of their number of employees and samples are then drawn circular systematically considering sampling fraction, say 20%, within each stratum (District X Sector X 4-digit NIC) in the form of 4 independent subsamples. This will be done for each district and thus, for each State/UT. An even number of units with a minimum of 4 are selected from each stratum and evenly distributed in four subsamples. The sectors considered here are 'Bidi', 'Manufacturing' and 'Electricity'.

Allocation of Samples: All the units belonging to the Census Sector together with selected units of 2 sub-samples, say, of sub-samples 1 and 3 will form the central sample and information for these units will be collected and processed by the Central Agency (i.e., NSSO and CSO(ISW)). After selecting the central sample in the way mentioned above, the units selected for the remaining 2 sub-samples, say, of sub-samples 2 and 4 will be allocated for each State/UT separately. Validated state-wise unit-level data of the central sample will also be sent to the states for pooling this data with their surveyed data to get a combined estimate at the sub-state level

Mode of data collection

Statutory return submitted by factories as well as Face to Face.

Research instrument

Annual Survey of Industries Questionnaire is divided into different blocks:

BLOCK A.IDENTIFICATION BLOCK - This block has been designed to collect the descriptive identification of the sample enterprise. The items are mostly self-explanatory.

BLOCK B. TO BE FILLED BY OWNER OF THE FACTORY - This block has been designed to collect the particulars of the sample enterprise. This point onwards, all the facts and figures in this return are to be filled in by owner of the factory.

BLOCK C: FIXED ASSETS - Fixed assets are of a permanent nature having a productive life of more than one year, which is meant for earning revenue directly or indirectly and not for the purpose of sale in ordinary course of business. They include assets used for production, transportation, living or recreational facilities, hospital, school, etc. Intangible fixed assets like goodwill, preliminary expenses including drawing and design etc are excluded for the purpose of ASI. The fixed assets have, at the start of their functions, a definite value, which decreases with wear and tear. The original cost less depreciation indicates that part of value of fixed assets, which has not yet been transferred to the output. This value is called the residual value. The value of a fixed asset, which has completed its theoretical working life should always be recorded as Re.1/-. The revalued value is considered now. But depreciation will be taken on original cost and not on revalued cost.

BLOCK D: WORKING CAPITAL & LOANS - Working capital represents the excess of total current assets over total current liabilities.

BLOCK E : EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST - Particulars in this block should relate to all persons who work in and for the establishment including working proprietors and active business partners and unpaid family workers. However, Directors of incorporated enterprises who are paid solely for their attendance at meeting of the Board of Directors are to be excluded.

BLOCK F : OTHER EXPENSES - This block includes the cost of other inputs as both the industrial and nonindustrial service rendered by others, which are paid by the factory and most of which are reflected in the ex-factory value of its production during the accounting year.

BLOCK G : OTHER INCOMES - In this block, information on other output/receipts is to be reported.

BLOCK H: INPUT ITEMS (indigenous items consumed) - This block covers all those goods (raw materials, components, chemicals, packing material, etc.), which entered into the production process of the factory during the accounting year. Any material used in the production of fixed assets (including construction work) for the factory's own use should also be included. All intermediate products consumed during the year are to be excluded. Intermediate products are those, which are produced by the factory but are, subjected to further manufacture. For example, in a cotton textile mill, yarn is produced from raw cotton and the same yarn is again used for manufacture of cloth. An intermediate product may also be a final product in the same factory. For example, if the yarn produced by the factory is sold as yarn, it becomes a final product and not an intermediate product. If however, a part of the yarn produced by a factory is consumed by it for manufacture of cloth, that part of the yarn so used will be an intermediate product.

BLOCK I: INPUT ITEMS - directly imported items only (consumed) - Information in this block is to be reported for all imported items consumed. The items are to be imported by the factory directly or otherwise. The instructions for filling up of this block are same as those for Block H. All imported goods irrespective of whether they are imported directly by the unit or not, should be recorded in Block I. Moreover, any imported item, irrespective of whether it is a basic item for manufacturing or not, should be recorded in Block I. Hence 'consumable stores' or 'packing items', if imported, should be recorded in Block I and not in Block H.

BLOCK J: PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS (manufactured by the unit) - In this block information like quantity manufactured, quantity sold, gross sale value, excise duty, sales tax paid and other distributive expenses, per unit net sale value and ex-factory value of output will be furnished by the factory item by item. If the distributive expenses are not available product-wise, the details may be given on the basis of reasonable estimation.

Cleaning operations

Data submitted by the factories undergo manual scrutiny at different stages.

1) They are verified by field staff of NSSO from factory

Abstract

Introduction

The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the changes in the growth, composition and structure of organized manufacturing sector comprising activities related to manufacturing processes, repair services, gas and water supply and cold storage. The survey has so far been conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 1953 and the rules framed there-under in 1959 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964. From ASI 2010-11 onwards, the survey is to be conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 2008 and the rules framed there-under in 2011except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is to be conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 1961 and rules framed there under in 1964.

ASI schedule is the basic tool to collect required data for the factories registered under Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948. The schedule for ASI, at present, has two parts. Part-I of ASI schedule, processed at the CSO (IS Wing), Kolkata, aims to collect data on assets and liabilities, employment and labour cost, receipts, expenses, input items: indigenous and imported, products and by-products, distributive expenses, etc. Part-II of ASI schedule is processed by the Labour Bureau. It aims to collect data on different aspects of labour statistics, namely, working days, man-days worked, absenteeism, labour turnover, man-hours worked etc. The concepts and definition of various terms used in collection of ASI data are given in Chapter Two, and the details of the schedule, item descriptions and procedures for collecting information for each item.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends its coverage to the entire country. It covers all factories registered under Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948, where the manufacturing process is defined under Section 2(k) of the said Act. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act 1966. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were also covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size till ASI 1997-98. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots etc. are excluded from the purview of the survey.

From ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental units such as railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water supply, gas storage, etc. are not covered. However, Public Sector Undertakings and eligible captive plants are covered in the survey. The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas and water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi and cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same state and pertaining to the same industry group and falling under the census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return, termed as 'Joint Return'. Such consolidated returns are a common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to same scheme (census or sample) is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The survey cover factories registered under the Factory Act 1948.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. The earlier sampling design had been adopted from ASI 2007-08 to ASI 2011-12. From ASI 2012-13, a new sampling design has been adopted following the recommendation of Dr. S. L.Shetty Committee and approved by the SCIS subsequently. According to the new sampling design, all the factories in the updated frame are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Census Sector: Census Sector consists of the following units: a) All industrial units belonging to the six less industrially developed states/ UT's viz.Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. b) For the rest of the twenty-six states/ UT's., (i) units having 100 or more employees, and (ii) all factories covered under Joint Returns. c) After excluding the Census Sector units as defined in paragraphs a) and b) above, the strata will be formed at State × District × Sector × 4-digit of NIC-2008 level. Sectors are (i) Bidi, (ii) Manufacturing and (iii) Electricity. All units belonging to the strata (i.e., formed on the basis of units in State by District by Sector by 4-digit of NIC-08) having less than or equal to 4 units are also considered as Census Sector units.

Sample Sector a) Then factories, in each stratum, are arranged in order of their number of employees. Finally, the sample will be drawn circular systematically in the form of four independent sub-samples considering an overall sampling fraction, say, between 16% to 20%, depending upon the availability of resources of FOD/State. An even number of units with a minimum of 4 units are selected and evenly distributed in four subsamples. It may be noted that in the formation of stratum, the sectors are taken as (i) Bidi, (ii) Manufacturing and (iii) Electricity. Moreover, each of the 4 sub-samples from a particular stratum may not have equal number of units. b) Out of these four sub-samples, two, preferably the odd ones, will be given to FOD, NSSO and the remaining two will be given to State/UT for data collection. Thus if four sub-samples SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS4 are formed in each stratum, the sub-samples SS1 and SS3 will be surveyed by NSSO, FOD, and the sub-samples SS2 and SS4 will be surveyed by State/ UT. c) The entire units under the Census scheme plus all the units belonging to the two subsamples meant for FOD (i.e., sub-samples SS1 and SS3) may be treated as the Central sample.

Sampling deviation

The sampling design adopted in ASI has undergone considerable changes from time to time, taking into account the technical and other requirements. The present sampling design has been adopted from ASI 2007-08. All the factories in the updated frame are divided into two sectors, viz., Census and Sample.

Mode of data collection

Statutory return submitted by factories as well as Face to Face

Research instrument

Annual Survey of Industries Questionnaire is divided into different blocks:

BLOCK A.IDENTIFICATION BLOCK - This block has been designed to collect the descriptive identification of the sample enterprise. The items are mostly self-explanatory.

BLOCK B. TO BE FILLED BY OWNER OF THE FACTORY - This block has been designed to collect the particulars of the sample enterprise. This point onwards, all the facts and figures in this return are to be filled in by owner of the factory.

BLOCK C: FIXED ASSETS - Fixed assets are of a permanent nature having a productive life of more than one year, which is meant for earning revenue directly or indirectly and not for the purpose of sale in ordinary course of business. They include assets used for production, transportation, living or recreational facilities, hospital, school, etc. Intangible fixed assets like goodwill, preliminary expenses including drawing and design etc are excluded for the purpose of ASI. The fixed assets have, at the start of their functions, a definite value, which decreases with wear and tear. The original cost less depreciation indicates that part of value of fixed assets, which has not yet been transferred to the output. This value is called the residual value. The value of a fixed asset, which has completed its theoretical working life should always be recorded as Re.1/-. The revalued value is considered now. But depreciation will be taken on original cost and not on revalued cost.

BLOCK D: WORKING CAPITAL & LOANS - Working capital represents the excess of total current assets over total current liabilities.

BLOCK E : EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST - Particulars in this block should relate to all persons who work in and for the establishment including working proprietors and active business partners and unpaid family workers. However, Directors of incorporated enterprises who are paid solely for their attendance at meeting of the Board of Directors are to be excluded.

BLOCK F : OTHER EXPENSES - This block includes the cost of other inputs as both the industrial and nonindustrial service rendered by others, which are paid by the factory and most of which are reflected in the ex-factory value of its production during the accounting year.

BLOCK G : OTHER INCOMES -

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends to the entire country

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The ASI covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 i.e. those factories employing 10 or more workers using power; and those employing 20 or more workers without using power. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 with coverage as above. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size. Certain servicing units and activities like water supply, cold storage, repairing of motor vehicles and other consumer durables like watches etc. are covered under the Survey. Though servicing industries like motion picture production, personal services like laundry services, job dyeing, etc. are covered under the Survey but data are not tabulated, as these industries do not fall under the scope of industrial sector defined by the United Nations. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots, restaurants, hotels, café and computer services and the technical training institutes, etc. are excluded from the purview of the Survey.

From ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental units such as railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water supply, gas storage etc. are not covered, as there are alternative sources of their data compilation for the GDP estimates by the National Accounts Division of CSO.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The ASI frame is based on the lists of registered factory / units maintained by the Chief Inspector of Factories (CIF) in each state and those maintained by registration authorities in respect of bidi and cigar establishments and electricity undertakings. The frame is being revised and updated periodically by the Regional Offices of the Field Operations Division of NSSO in consultation with the Chief Inspector of Factories in the state. At the time of revision, the names of the de-registered factories are removed from the ASI frame and those of the newly registered factories are added. In updation, only new registrations are added to the existing frame. In spite of regular updating of the frame, quite a number of small-sized factories selected for the survey are found to be non-existing in the field and are termed as deleted factories. However, such factories are not taken into consideration for the purpose of tabulation and analysis in this report.

Geographic coverage

The ASI extends to the entire country

Analysis unit

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is a factory in the case of manufacturing industries, a workshop in the case of repair services, an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas & water supply undertakings and an establishment in the case of bidi & cigar industries. The owner of two or more establishments located in the same State and pertaining to the same industry group and belonging to census scheme is, however, permitted to furnish a single consolidated return. Such consolidated returns are common feature in the case of bidi and cigar establishments, electricity and certain public sector undertakings.

Universe

The ASI covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 i.e. those factories employing 10 or more workers using power; and those employing 20 or more workers without using power. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 with coverage as above. All electricity undertakings engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) were covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size. Certain servicing units and activities like water supply, cold storage, repairing of motor vehicles and other consumer durables like watches etc. are covered under the Survey. Though servicing industries like motion picture production, personal services like laundry services, job dyeing, etc. are covered under the Survey but data are not tabulated, as these industries do not fall under the scope of industrial sector defined by the United Nations. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots, restaurants, hotels, café and computer services and the technical training institutes, etc. are excluded from the purview of the Survey.

From ASI 1998-99, the electricity units registered with the CEA and the departmental units such as railway workshops, RTC workshops, Govt. Mints, sanitary, water supply, gas storage etc. are not covered, as there are alternative sources of their data compilation for the GDP estimates by the National Accounts Division of CSO.

Sampling procedure

The ASI frame is based on the lists of registered factory / units maintained by the Chief Inspector of Factories (CIF) in each state and those maintained by registration authorities in respect of bidi and cigar establishments and electricity undertakings. The frame is being revised and updated periodically by the Regional Offices of the Field Operations Division of NSSO in consultation with the Chief Inspector of Factories in the state. At the time of revision, the names of the de-registered factories are removed from the ASI frame and those of the newly registered factories are added. In updation, only new registrations are added to the existing frame. In spite of regular updating of the frame, quite a number of small-sized factories selected for the survey are found to be non-existing in the field and are termed as deleted factories. However, such factories are not taken into consideration for the purpose of tabulation and analysis in this report.

Abstract

Genesis
Reliable and timely data base is the basic infrastructure needed for any sound and systematic planning. Efficient sectoral planning depends to a large extent on the availability of detailed information, preferably at micro level. Though a fairly adequate system of agricultural statistics has already been developed in the country, such an information system has not yet been built up for the non-agricultural sector. While statistics in respect of organised segments of the non-agricultural economy are being collected more or less regularly, it is not so in regard to its unorganised segments even though unorganised sector assumes greater importance due to its significant contribution towards gross domestic product as also in generation of employment in developing economy. Earlier attempts

1.2 attempts were made in the past to bridge these data gaps by both Central agencies and the States. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) had conducted some surveys on household nonagricultural enterprises in the past. The first round of NSS (1950-51) covered non-agricultural enterprises as one of its subjects. Such enterprises were covered regularly up to the tenth round (1955-56). Subsequently, selected activities were taken up for survey intermittently in different rounds (14th, 23rd & 29th rounds). Establishment schedules were canvassed in 1971 population census. The census of unorganized industrial units was carried out during 1971-73. Census of the units falling within the purview of Development Commissioner, Small scale industries was carried out during 1973-74 and a survey on distributive trade was conducted by some of the States during the fourth five-year plan period (1969-74). All such efforts made prior to 1976 to collect data on unorganized nonagricultural enterprises have been partial and sporadic.

Economic Census 1.3 The first coordinated approach to fill these vital data gaps was made by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Government of India by launching a plan scheme 'Economic census and Survey' in 1976. The scheme envisaged organising countrywide census of all economic activities (excluding those engaged in crop production and plantation) followed by detailed sample survey of unorganized segments of different sector on non-agricultural economy in a phased manner during the intervening period of two successive economic censuses. The basic purpose of conducting the economic census was to prepare a frame while follow up surveys collect more detailed sector specific information between two economic censuses. In view of the rapid changes that occur in the unorganised sectors of non-agricultural economy due to high mobility or morbidity of smaller units and also on account of births of new units, the scheme envisaged conducting the economic census periodically in order to update the frame from time to time.

First Economic Census (EC-1977) and Follow up Surveys 1.4 The First Economic Census was conducted through-out the country, except Lakshadweep, during 1977 in collaboration with the Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES) in the States/Union Territories (UT). The coverage was restricted to only nonagricultural establishments employing at least one hired worker on a fairly regular basis. Data on items such as description of activity, number of persons usually working, type of ownership, etc. were collected.

1.5 Reports based on the data of EC-1977 at State/UT level and at all India level were published. Tables giving the activity group-wise distribution of establishments with selected characteristics and with rural and urban break up were generated. State-wise details for major activities and size-class of employment, inter-alia, were also presented in tables.

1.6 Based on the frame provided by the First Economic Census, detailed sample surveys were carried out during 1978-79 and 1979-80 covering the establishments engaged in manufacturing, trade, hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services. While the smaller establishments (employing less than six workers) and own account establishments were covered by NSSO as part of its 33rd and 34th rounds, the larger establishments were covered through separate surveys. Detailed information on employment, emoluments, capital structure, quantity & value of input, output, etc. were collected and reports giving all important characteristics on each of the concerned subjects were published.

Second Economic Census (EC-1980) and Follow up surveys

1.7 The second economic census was conducted in 1980 along with the house-listing operations of 1981 Population Census. This was done with a view to economizing resources, manpower, time and money. The scope and coverage were enlarged. This time all establishments engaged in economic activities - both agricultural and non-agricultural whether employing any hired worker or not - were covered, except those engaged in crop production and plantation. All States/UTs were covered with the sole exception of Assam, where population census, 1981 was not conducted.

1.8 The information on location of enterprise, description of economic activity carried on, nature of operation, type of ownership, social group of owner, use of power/fuel, total number of workers usually engaged with its hired component and break-up of male and female workers were collected. The items, on which information was collected in second economic census, were more or less the same as hose collected in the First Economic Census. However, based on experience gained in the First Economic Census certain items viz. years of activity, value of annual output/turnover/receipt, mixed activity or not, registered/ licensed/recognized and act or authority, if registered were dropped.

1.9 The field work was done by the field staff consisting of enumerators and supervisors employed in the Directorate of Census Operations of each State/UT. The State Directorates of Economics & Statistics (DES) were also associated in the supervision of fieldwork. Data processing and preparation of State level reports of economic census and their publication were carried out by the DES.

1.10 EC 1980 data were released in two series of tables ('A' series and 'B' series) with different set of groupings for minor and major activities as also for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. 'A' series give the number of own-account enterprises and establishments with relevant characteristics classified according to nature of economic activity. 'B' series gives the principal characteristics of own-account enterprises and establishments classified by size class of total employment for each economic activity. Summary statements, which basically provide the sampling frame and planning material for follow-up enterprise survey, were generate for rural and urban sectors of each State/District separately. The reports were published both at State/UT level as well as All-India level.

1.11 Based on the frame thrown up by EC-1980, three follow-up surveys were carried out, one in 1983-84 on hotels & restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing and services, second in 1984-85 on unorganized manufacturing and third in 1985-86 on wholesale and retail trade.

1.12 The third economic census scheduled for 1986 could not be carried out due to resource constraints. The EC 1980 frame was updated during 1987-88 in 64 cities (12 cities having more than 10 lakh population and 52 class-I cities) which had problems of identification of enumeration blocks and changes due to rapid urbanization. On the basis of the updated frame, four follow-up surveys were conducted during 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 and 1991-92 covering the subjects of hotels & restaurants and transport, unorganized manufacturing, wholesale & retail trade and medical, educational, cultural & other services respectively.

Third Economic Census (EC-1990) and follow up surveys 1.13 The Third Economic Census was synchronized with the house listing operations of the Population Census 1991 on the same pattern of EC 1980. The coverage was similar to that of EC1980. All States/UTs except Jammu & Kashmir, where population census 1991 was not undertaken, were covered.

1.14 The tabulation plan consisted of generation of tables giving the results of EC 1990 under for categories: (a) Agricultural own account enterprises, (b) agricultural establishments, (c) non-agricultural own account enterprises and (d) non-agricultural establishments. For each of these categories, details of number of enterprises, employment with rural - urban break up for each district were presented by size class of employment, major activity, etc. All these tables were grouped broadly in to three categories viz. (i) summary statements (ii) main tables and (iii) derived tables.

1.15 Based on the frame thrown up by EC 1990 four follow up surveys were carried out: (i) Enterprise Survey covering sectors of mining & quarrying, storage & warehousing in 1992-93; (ii) Enterprise Survey covering sectors of hotels & restaurants and transport in 1993-94; (iii) NSS 51st round covering directory, non-directory and own account enterprise in unregistered manufacturing sector in 1994-95 and (iv) Directory Trade Establishments Survey in 1996-97. NSS 53rd round covered the residual part of the unorganized trade sector in 1997.

Fourth Economic Census 1.16 With a view to meeting the demand of various user departments for the data on unorganized sectors of the economy and considering the nature of large number of small units which are subjected to high rates of mobility and mortality, it was felt that the economic census must be brought back to quinquennial nature so that an up-to-date frame can be made available once in five years for conducting the follow up surveys. It was also felt necessary to assess the impact of economic liberalization process on

Abstract

The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are being conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. Seventyeighth rounds of NSS will commence from 1st January 2020. NSS 78th round is earmarked for collection of data on ‘Domestic Tourism Expenditure and ‘Multiple Indicators’. Survey on Multiple Indicators is being conducted for the first time in NSS during this round.

The objective of Multiple Indicator Survey (MIS) is to collect information for developing some important indicators of Sustainable Development Goals 2030. In formation on (i) Migration and (ii)Construction of houses since 2014-15 will also be collected through MIS as per the request of M/o HUA. In addition to these, information on access to mass media, availability of birth registration certificate will be collected in MIS.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Formation of sub-units (SUs): Rural areas: A rural village will be notionally divided into a number of sub-units (SU) of more or less equal population during the preparation of frame. Census 2011 population of villages will be projected by applying suitable growth rates and the number of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined apriori.

The above procedure of SU formation will be implemented in the villages with population more than or equal to 1000 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages, no SU will be formed.

The number of SUs to be formed in the villages (with Census 2011 population 1000 or more) of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the criteria given below: projected population of the village no. of SUs to be formed less than 1200 1 1200 to 2399 2 2400 to 3599 3 3600 to 4799 4 4800 to 5999 5 .......and so on ....

Special case: For rural areas of (i) Himachal Pradesh, (ii) Sikkim, (iii) Andaman & Nicobar Islands, (iv) Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun, Nainital, Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), (v) Punch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Reasi, Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban of Jammu and Kashmir (vi) Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh region and (vii) Idukki district of Kerala, numbers of SUs to be formed in a village will be determined in such a way that each SU contains 600 or less projected population. Further, SUs will not be formed in the villages in the above mentioned districts/States with population less than 500 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages the number of SUs to be formed for these States/districts will be as follows: projected population of the village no. of SUs to be formed less than 600 1 600 to 1199 2 1200 to 1799 3 1800 to 2399 4 2400 to 2999 5 .......and so on ....

Urban areas: SUs will be formed in urban sector also. The procedure will be similar to that adopted in rural areas except that SUs will be formed on the basis of households in the UFS frame instead of population, since UFS frame does not have population. Each UFS block with number of households more than or equal to 250 will be divided into a number of SUs. In the remaining UFS blocks, no SU will be formed.

The number of SUs to be formed in the UFS blocks of the frame will be decided before selection of the samples following the criteria given below: number of households of the UFS block no. of SUs to be formed less than 250 1 250 to 499 2 500 to 749 3 750 to 999 4 1000 to 1249 5 .......and so on ....

Stratification of FSUs: (a) Each district will be a stratum. Within each district of a State/UT, generally speaking, two basic strata will be formed: (i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population one million or more as per Census 2011, each of them will form a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district will be considered as another basic stratum. (b) A special stratum, in the rural areas only, will be formed at all-India level before district level strata are formed in each State/UT. This stratum will comprise all the uninhabited villages as per Census 2011 belonging to all States/UTs.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face