Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys on consumer expenditure. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification is adopted to collect information, including items of food, items of fuel, items of clothing, bedding and footwear, items of educational and medical expenses, items of durable goods and other items. The schedule has also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member. The schedule design for the survey is more or less similar to that adopted in the previous rounds.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian union except (i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) 786 interior villages of Nagaland (out of a total of 1119 villages) located beyond 5 kms. of a bus route and (iii) 172 villages in Andaman & Nicobar Islands (out of total of 520 villages) which are inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage stratified design was adopted for the 49th round survey. The first-stage units(fsu) were census villages in the rural sector and U.F.S. (Urban Frame Survey) blocks in the urban sector (However, for some of the newly declared towns of 1991 census for which UFS frames were not available, census EBs were first-stage units). The second-stage units were households in both the sectors. In the central sample altogether 5072 sample villages and 2928 urban sample blocks at all-India level were selected. Sixteen households were selected per sample village/block in each of which the schedule of enquiry was canvassed. The number of sample households actually surveyed for the enquiry was 119403.

Sample frame for fsus : Mostly the 1981 census lists of villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constituted the sampling frame. For Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the list of accessible villages was used as the sampling frame. For the Urban sector, the lists of NSS Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame in most cases. However, 1991 house listing EBs (Enumeration blocks) were considered as the sampling frame for some of the new towns of 1991 census, for which UFS frames were not available.

Stratification for rural sector : States have been divided into NSS regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation, considering the location of dry areas and distribution of tribal population in the state. In the rural sector, each district with 1981 / 1991 census rural population less than, 1.8 million/2 million formed a separate stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils.

Stratification for urban sector : In the urban sector, strata were formed, within the NSS region, according to census population size classes of towns. Each city with population 10 lakhs or more formed a separate stratum. Further, within each region, the different towns were grouped to form three different strata on the basis of their respective census population as follows : all towns with population less than 50,000 as stratum 1, those with population 50,000 to 1,99,999 as stratum-2 and those with population 2,00,000 to 9,99,999 as stratum-3.

Sample size for fsu's : The central sample comprised of 5072 villages and 2928 blocks.

Selection of first stage units : The sample villages have been selected with probability proportional to population with replacement and the sample blocks by simple random sampling without replacement. Selection was done in both the sectors in the form of two independent subsamples.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had 11 blocks.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed, primary source of energy used for cooking and lighting etc. have been recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. have been recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and household consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel & light during the last 30 days have been recorded.

Block-6: Household consumption of clothing during the last 30 has been recorded in this block.

Block-7: Household consumption of footwear during the last 30 has been recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-9 : Household expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 30 days has been recorded here.

Block-10 : Perception of households regarding sufficiency of food has been recorded here.

Block-11 : Summary of household consumer expenditure during the last 30 days has been recorded here.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Yes - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: One of more individuals who normally reside together under the same roof and take food in the same kitchen, including temporary stay aways and excluding temporary visitors.

Universe

Not specified

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Sample Survey Organization, Government of India

SAMPLE DESIGN: Drawn by the NSSO, details not specified

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: .09%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 623,494

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A single form that consists of 10 sections: 1) identification of sample household, 2) household characteristics, 3) demographic and current activity particulars during the preceding week, 4) demographic characteristics of migrants and their usual activity at the time of migration, 5) current activity of people in the labor force, 6) usual activity, 7) usual subsidiary gainful activity of persons who did not work, but not because of being old or disabled, 8) follow-up questions for persons whose principal activities were working, 9) persons who usually attended domestic duties, and 10) household indebtedness.

Abstract

Time Use Survey (TUS) provides a framework for measuring time dispositions by the population on different activities. One distinguishing feature of Time Use Survey from other household surveys is that it can capture time disposition on different aspects of human activities, be it paid, unpaid or other activities with such details which is otherwise not possible in other surveys. In recent years, time use surveys have gained much impetus among policy makers and other data users for their usefulness in measuring various aspects of gender statistics. National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) in India conducted the first Time Use Survey during January - December 2019. The second Time Use Survey will be conducted during January -December 2024.

Objective of the survey

The primary objective of Time Use Survey (TUS) is to measure participation of persons in paid and unpaid activities. The survey will be an important source of information on the time spent in unpaid caregiving activities, unpaid volunteer work, unpaid domestic service producing activities of the household members. This will also provide information on time spent on learning, socializing, leisure activities, self-care activities, etc. by the household members.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access.

Analysis unit

Unit of survey: The first stage unit (FSU) is the village/UFS block/SU depending on the sampling frame.

Sampling procedure

In Time Use Survey (TUS), a rural village was notionally divided into a number of subunits (SU) of more or less equal population during the preparation of frame. Census 2011 population of villages was projected by applying suitable growth rates and the number of SUs formed in a village was determined apriori. The above procedure of SU formation was implemented in the villages with population more than or equal to 1000 as per Census 2011. In the remaining villages, no SU was formed. SUs were formed in urban sector also. The procedure was similar to that adopted in rural areas except that SUs were formed on the basis of households in the Urban Frame Survey (UFS) frame instead of population, since UFS frame does not have population. Each UFS block with number of households more than or equal to 250 was divided into a number of SUs. In the remaining UFS blocks, no SU was formed.

A stratified two stage design was adopted for the TUS. The first stage units (FSU) were villages/UFS blocks/sub-units (SUs) as per the situation. The ultimate stage units (USU) were households in both the sectors.

In the rural areas, stratification was made as follows: (a) all inhabited villages within each NSS State region constituted a rural stratum and (b) a special stratum, in the rural areas only, was formed at all-India level before the strata are formed in each State/UT. This stratum comprised all the uninhabited villages as per Census 2011 belonging to allStates/U Ts. In urban areas strata were formed within each NSS State region on the basis of size class of towns as per Census 2011.

Sub-Stratification in rural areas: In rural areas, three groups of villages were formed within each stratum (except special rural stratum) as follows: Group 1: all villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) with Census 2011 population less than 250 Group 2: all villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) with Census 2011 population more than or equal to 250 but less than 500 Group 3: remaining villages

The sample size for a rural stratum was allocated among 3 groups in proportion to Census population. Sub-strata was demarcated in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 respectively in such a way that each sub-stratum comprises a group of villages (all SUs of a village considered together) of the arranged frame and have more or less equal Census population within the respective group.

Sub-Stratification in urban areas: Sub-strata were demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of UFS blocks (all SUs within the block taken together)having more or less equal number of households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Poverty affects many people, but the ramifications and impacts affect all aspects of society. Information about the incidence of poverty is therefore an important parameter of the population for policy analysis and decision making. In order to provide specific, targeted solutions when addressing poverty disadvantage small area statistics are needed. Surveys are typically designed and planned to produce reliable estimates of population characteristics of interest mainly at higher geographic area such as national and state level. Sample sizes are usually not large enough to provide reliable estimates for disaggregated analysis. In many instances estimates are required for areas of the population for which the survey providing the data was unplanned. Then, for areas with small sample sizes, direct survey estimation of population characteristics based only on the data available from the particular area tends to be unreliable. This paper describes an application of small area estimation (SAE) approach to improve the precision of estimates of poverty incidence at district level in the State of Bihar in India by linking data from the Household Consumer Expenditure Survey 2011–12 of NSSO and the Population Census 2011. The results show that the district level estimates generated by SAE method are more precise and representative. In contrast, the direct survey estimates based on survey data alone are less stable.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. The NSSO conducts regular consumer expenditure surveys as part of its "rounds", each round being normally of a year's duration and covering more than one subject of study. The surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country. Surveys on consumer expenditure are being conducted quinquennially on a large sample of households from the 27th round (October 1972 - September 1973) onwards. The fourth quinquennial survey on household consumer expenditure was carried out during July 1987 - June 1988. The three previous surveys of this series were carries out in the 27th (October-September 1973) , the 32nd (July 1977 to June 1978) and the 38th (January to December , 1983) rounds of the NSSO. The present survey like the previous one, covered the entire population. Expenditure incurred by the sample household for the purpose of domestic consumption were collected for the 30 days preceding the date of survey. No account has, however, been taken of any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the household. It may be mentioned here that in order to get more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compared to the design of the 38th round). The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting: i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

The field work for the survey was conducted, as usual, by the Field Operations Division of the Organisation. The collected data were processed by the Data Processing Division of NSSO and tabulated by the Computer Centre of Department of Statistics. The reports have been prepared by Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD) of NSSO under the guidance of the Governing Council, NSSO.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting: i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey will have a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.s) or villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors.

Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s: The lists of 1981 census villages constitute the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame have been used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constitute the sampling frame.

Stratification: States are first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts, similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state.

RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981 Census rural population less 1.8 million forms a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however, in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further, in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling).

URBAN SECTOR: In the urban sector, strata are formed, again within NSS region, on the basis of the population size class of towns. Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative, as in the earlier rounds. For the purpose of stratification, in towns with 1981 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories, viz. - One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Allocation for first stage units: The total all-India sample size has been allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section.

Selection of f.s.u.'s: The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS). The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability, also in the form of two IPNS's.

Sample size (central sample): The all India sample in respect of the central sample consists of 8518 villages and 4648 blocks.

Sample size (state sample): All the states and Union Territories except Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep are participating in this round at least on an equal matching basis.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The NSSO surveys on consumer expenditure aim to measure the household consumer expenditure in quantitative terms disaggregated by various household characteristics.

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had 11 blocks.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed and cultivated, type of dwelling etc. are recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block the detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. are recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel & light during the last 30 days are recorded.

Block-6: Consumption of clothing during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-7: Consumption of footwear during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-9 : Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use is recorded here.

Block-10 : Particulars of dwelling units are recorded in this block.

Block-11 : Summary of consumer expenditure during last 30 days is recorded in this block.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) was set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. Surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. The imputed rent of owner-occupied houses is excluded from consumption expenditure. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except:

(i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (central sample) (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year

Analysis unit

-Households -Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Two sampling frameswere used for the 63rd round survey: List frame and Area frame.

List frame: A list of 1000 service sector companies distributed all over India has been used as list frame. The list of financial sector enterprises was supplied by RBI. For the other service sector enterprises the list was supplied by the Ministry of Company Affairs. For all the companies in the list frame, information was collected considering all the branch offices. A combined schedule 2.345 was filled up for the list frame companies covering all the branches.

Area Frame: A stratified multi-stage design was adopted for the 63rd round survey. The First Stage Units (FSU) were the 2001 census villages in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. In addition, for the newly declared towns and out growths (OGs) in census 2001 for which UFS has not yet been done, a separate list has been prepared and this list was used as a frame for such towns and OGs in urban sector. For these towns and OGs the whole town/ OG was considered as FSU. The ultimate stage units (USU) were households/ service sector enterprises, in both the sectors. In the case of large villages/ towns/ blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage was the selection of hgs/ sbs from each FSU.

For a detailed description of sampling, refer to the file titled "Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure" that is provided as an external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Summary description of the schedule 1.0 on consumer expenditure is given below.

Blocks 0, 1 and 2: Similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations. Block 3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed and cultivated, type of dwelling etc. are recorded in this block. Block 4: In this Block the detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. are recorded. Block 5: In this block cash purchase and consumption of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the last 30 days are recorded. Block 6: In this block consumption of fuel & light during the last 30 days is recorded. Block 7: Consumption of clothing, bedding, etc. during the last 365 days is recorded in this block. Block 8 : Consumption of footwear during the last 365 days is recorded in this block. Block 9 : Expenditure on education and medical (institutional) goods and services during the last 365 days is recorded in Block 9. Block 10 : Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services including medical (non-institutional), rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block. Block 11 : Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repair and maintenance) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Abstract

Household consumer expenditure (HCE) during a specified period, called the reference period, may be defined as the total of the following: (a) expenditure incurred by households on consumption goods and services during the reference period (b) imputed value of goods and services produced as outputs of household (proprietary or partnership) enterprises owned by households and used by their members themselves during the reference period (c) imputed value of goods and services received by households as remuneration in kind during the reference period (d) imputed value of goods and services received by households through social transfers in kind received from government units or non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and used by households during the reference period.

Reference period and schedule type: The reference period is the period of time to which the information collected relates. In NSS surveys, the reference period often varies from item to item. Data collected with different reference periods are known to exhibit certain systematic differences. In this round, two schedule types have been drawn up to study these differences in detail. Sample households will be divided into two sets - Schedule Type 1 will be canvassed in one set and Schedule Type 2 in the other. The reference periods to be used for different groups of consumption items are given below, separately for each schedule type.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

For Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir there is no separate sample first-stage units (FSUs) for "central sample". For these two districts, sample FSUs drawn as "state sample" will also be treated as central sample. The state directorate of economics and statistics (DES) will provide a copy of the filled-in schedules to Data Processing Division of NSSO for processing.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 66th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. In addition, two non-UFS towns of Leh and Kargil of Jammu & Kashmir are also treated as FSUs in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term "village" would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks is considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, frame consists of the individual towns (only two towns, viz., Leh & Kargil constitute this frame).

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, wherever there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification: There is no sub-stratification in the urban sector. However, to net adequate number of child workers, for all rural strata, each stratum has been divided into 2 sub-strata as follows: sub-stratum 1: all villages with proportion of child workers (p) >2P (where P is the average proportion of child workers for the sate/ UT as per Census 2001) sub-stratum 2: remaining villages

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs for central sample and 15132 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level. Further, data of 24 state sample FSUs of Leh and Kargil districts of J & K surveyed by DES, J & K will be included in the central sample

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (to the extent possible) is allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum/ sub-stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Allocation to strata/ sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size is allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum/ sub-stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4 and equal number of samples has been allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs have been selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples have been drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

More information on sampling and estimation procedure is available in the document " Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure of NSS 66th Round". including information on: - Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - Listing of households - Formation of second stage strata and allocation of households - Selection of households - Estimation Procedure

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 1.0 consists of several blocks to obtain detailed information on the consumption expenditure and other particulars of the sample household.

It has been decided that two types of Schedule 1.0 viz. Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2 will be canvassed in this round. Schedule Type 1 is similar to Schedule 1.0 of NSS 61st round. Schedule Type 2 has different reference period (7 days) for some items of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants as compared to 30 days' reference period for these items in Schedule Type 1.

Schedule Type 1 uses the same reference period system as used in the 61st and 50th round consumer expenditure surveys (where there was only one schedule type). Schedule Type 1 requires that for certain items (Group I items), the same household should report data for two reference periods - "Last 30 days" and "Last 365 days".

Schedule Type 2 has the same reference periods as Schedule Type 2 (Sch.1.0) of NSS 60th round. For Group I items, the reference period used in Schedule Type 2 is "Last 365 days".

As in the 60th round, items of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants (Food-plus category) are split into 2 blocks instead of being placed in a single block. - The first block (Block 5.1) consists of the item groups cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, sugar and salt (the "F1" category). This block has a reference period of 30 days in both Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2. - Block 5.2 consists of the other items of food, along with pan, tobacco and intoxicants (the item category "F2+"). This block is assigned a reference period of "Last 30 days" in Schedule Type 1 and a reference period of "Last 7 days" in Schedule Type 2.

Thus Schedule Type 1, like Schedule 1.0 of NSS 61st round, uses the "Last 30 days" reference period for all items of food, and for pan, tobacco and intoxicants.

Schedule 1.0 consists of several blocks to obtain detailed information on the consumption expenditure and other particulars of the sample household.

WHAT IS NEW IN THE SCHEDULE (compared to the 61st/64th round)

• There are two schedule types. Schedule Type 1 is similar to the 61st round schedule. It uses, for some blocks, a double reference period - "last 30 days" and "last 365 days". Schedule Type 2 uses different reference periods of 7, 30 and 365 days for different items. For any particular block, it uses only one reference period.
• Unlike the 61st round schedule (Block 3), there is no question on possession of ration card or on ration card type.
• Unlike the 61st round (Block 3), there is no question on food assistance schemes of the Government from which the household has benefited.
• Block 3 will have a question on use of the internet by household members during the last 30 days.
• In both schedule types, the food-plus item category (food, pan, tobacco & intoxicants) has been split into 2 blocks: Block 5.1 and Block 5.2. For Block 5.1 (cereals, pulses, milk & milk products, sugar and salt), both schedule types use a 30-day reference period. For the remaining food groups, and for pan, tobacco and

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

For Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir there is no separate sample first-stage units (FSUs) for "central sample". For these two districts, sample FSUs drawn as "state sample" will also be treated as central sample. The state directorate of economics and statistics (DES) will provide a copy of the filled-in schedules to Data Processing Division of NSSO for processing.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 66th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. In addition, two non-UFS towns of Leh and Kargil of Jammu & Kashmir are also treated as FSUs in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term "village" would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks is considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, frame consists of the individual towns (only two towns, viz., Leh & Kargil constitute this frame).

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, wherever there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification: There is no sub-stratification in the urban sector. However, to net adequate number of child workers, for all rural strata, each stratum has been divided into 2 sub-strata as follows: sub-stratum 1: all villages with proportion of child workers (p) >2P (where P is the average proportion of child workers for the sate/ UT as per Census 2001) sub-stratum 2: remaining villages

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs for central sample and 15132 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level. Further, data of 24 state sample FSUs of Leh and Kargil districts of J & K surveyed by DES, J & K will be included in the central sample

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (to the extent possible) is allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum/ sub-stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Allocation to strata/ sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size is allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum/ sub-stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4 and equal number of samples has been allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs have been selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples have been drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

More information on sampling and estimation procedure is available in the document " Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure of NSS 66th Round". including information on: - Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - Listing of households - Formation of second stage strata and allocation of households - Selection of households - Estimation Procedure

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

During this round, the following schedules of enquiry were canvassed: - Schedule 0.0 : list of households
- Schedule 1.0 : consumer expenditure (Type 1 and Type 2) - Schedule 10 : employment and unemployment

In the present round, Schedule 10 on employment-unemployment consists of 16 blocks.

The first three blocks, viz. Blocks 0, 1 and 2, are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations, as is the common practice in usual NSS rounds. The last two blocks, viz., Blocks 10 and 11 are to record the remarks of investigator and comments by supervisory officer(s), respectively.

Block 3 will be used for recording the household characteristics, like household size, religion, social group, land possessed, land cultivated, etc. For the rural households information will also be collected, in Block 3, on whether the household has NREG job card, whether got work in NREG works during the last 365 days, number of days got work in NREG works and mode of payment of the wages earned in NREG works. Besides, some particulars about holding of specified Post Office accounts and use of specified Postal services will also be collected in this block.

Block 3.1 is for recording particulars of indebtedness of rural labour households.

Block 4 will be used for recording the demographic particulars and attendance in educational institutions of the household members. Particulars of vocational training being received/received by the household members will also be collected in this block.

In Block 5.1, particulars of usual principal activity of all the household members will be recorded along with some particulars of the enterprises in which the usual status workers (excluding those in crop and plantation activities) are engaged. In this block information for all the workers about the location of workplace will also be collected. For the self-employed persons who are working under specifications (wholly or mainly), information will also be collected about "who provided credit/raw materials/equipments", "basis of payment" and "number of outlets of disposal". Information on informal employment will also be collected in Block 5.1. Similarly, the particulars of one subsidiary economic activity of the household members along with some particulars of the enterprises, informal employment and details of the self-employed persons in their subsidiary activity will be recorded in Block 5.2. The daily time disposition for the seven days preceding the date of survey along with the corresponding activity particulars will be recorded for each household member in Block 5.3. Besides this, the current weekly status (CWS) will be derived from the daily time disposition data and will be recorded in this block. As in the past, wage and salary earnings and mode of payment will also be collected for regular salaried/wage employees and for the casual labourers in this block. Block 6 will be used to record the responses to the probing questions to the persons who were unemployed on all the seven days of the reference week.

Blocks 7.1 and 7.2 contain the probing questions which are related to the under-utilisation of labour time and labour mobility, respectively.

For the members of the household classified as engaged in 'domestic duties' as per their usual principal status, some follow-up questions have been framed and listed in Block 8, with a view to collecting some additional information which might explain as to whether their usual attachment to domestic duties was voluntary or involuntary and also to throw light on their participation in some specified activities for family gain.

A worksheet to obtain the total monthly household consumer expenditure has been provided in Block 9.

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the fourth such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period july 1987 - june 1988 . The working Group set up for planning of the entire scheme of the survey, among other things, examined also in detail some of the key results generated from the 38th round data and recommended some stream-lining of the 38th round schedule for the use in the 43rd round. Further, it felt no need for changing the engaging the easting conceptual frame work. However, some additional items were recommended to be included in the schedule to obtain the necessary and relevant information for generating results to see the effects on participation rates in view of the ILO suggestions.5.0.1. The NSSO Governing Council approved the recommendations of the working Group and also the schedule of enquiry in its 44th meeting held on 16 January, 1987. In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

It may be mentioned here that in order to net more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compares to the design of the 38th round).

SAMPLE DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE The survey had a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.'s) are villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors. Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s : The lists of 1981 census villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame were used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constituted the sampling frame. STRATIFICATION : States were first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts , similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however , some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state. The composition of the regions is given in the Appendix. RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981Census rural population less 1.8 million formed a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however , in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further ,in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling.)
URBAN SECTOR : In the urban sector , strata were formed , again within NSS region , on the basis of the population size class of towns . Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative , as in the earlier rounds . For the purpose of stratification, in towns with '81 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories , viz . : One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks. The strata within each region were constituted as follows :

Table (1.2)  : Composition of urban strata

Stratum population class of town

number

(1) (2)

1 all towns with population less than 50,000 2 -do- 50,000 - 199,999 3 -do- 200,000 - 399,999 4 -do- 400,000 - 999,999 ( affluent area) 5 (other area) 6 a single city with population 1 million and above (affluent area)
7 " (other area) 8 another city with population 1 million and above
9 " (other area)

Note : There is no region with more than one city with population 1 million and above. The stratum number have been retained as above even if in some regions some of the strata are empty. Allocation for first stage units : The total all-India sample size was allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section. All allocations have been adjusted such that the sample size for stratum was at least a multiple of 4 (preferably multiple of 8) and the total sample size of a region is a multiple of 8 for the rural and urban sectors separately.
Selection of f.s.u.'s : The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS) . The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability , also in the form of two IPNS' s. As regards the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh, the procedure of 'cluster sampling' was:- The field staff will be supplied with a list of the nucleus villages of each cluster and they selected the remaining villages of the cluster according to the procedure described in Section Two. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two IPNS 's. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Selection of households : rural : In order to have adequate number of sample households from the affluent section of the society, some new procedures were introduced for selection of sample households, both in the rural and urban sectors. In the rural sector , while listing households, the investigator identified the households in village/ selected hamlet- group which may be considered to be relatively more affluent than the rest. This was done largely on the basis of his own judgment but while exercising his judgment considered factors generally associated with rich people in the localitysuch as : living in large pucca house in well-maintained state, ownership/possession of cultivated/irrigated land in excess of certain norms. ( e.g.20 acres of cultivated land or 10 acres of irrigated land), ownership of motor vehicles and costly consumer durables like T.V. , VCR, VCP AND refrigerator, ownership of large business establishment , etc. Now these "rich" households will form sub-stratum 1. (If the total number of households listed is 80 or more , 10 relatively most affluent households will form sub-stratum 1. If it is below 80, 8 such households will form sub-stratum 1. The remaining households will 'constitute sub-stratum 2. At the time of listing, information relating to each household' s major sources of income will be

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Yes - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: One of more individuals who normally reside together under the same roof and take food in the same kitchen, including temporary stay aways and excluding temporary visitors.

Universe

Not specified

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Sample Survey Organization, Government of India

SAMPLE DESIGN: Drawn by the NSSO, details not specified

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: .09%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 667,848

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A single form that consists of 7 sections: 1) identification of sample household, 2) household characteristics, 3) demographic particulars and current activity during the preceding week, 4) usual activity and migration, 5) usual activity and migration, 6) follow up questions for working persons, and 7) follow up questions for persons who attended domestic duties.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), Government of India, since its inception in 1950 has been conducting nationwide integrated large scale sample surveys, employing scientific sampling methods, to generate data and statistical indicators on diverse socio-economic aspects. In its 70th round of survey, conducted during the period 1st January, 2013 to 31st December, 2013, NSSO carried out a Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) of Agricultural Households.

The SAS 2013 (70th round) was conducted as a repeat of the SAS conducted in the 59th round, with the same aim of capturing the condition of agricultural households in the country in the context of policies and programme of the Government of India. The survey schedule was designed for collection of information on various aspects relating to farming and other socio-economic characteristics of agricultural households. Along with information on consumer expenditure, income and productive assets, their indebtedness, farming practices and preferences, resource availability, their awareness of technological developments and access to modern technology in the field of agriculture, information on crop loss, crop insurance and awareness about Minimum Support Price (MSP) was also collected during 70th round. The information was collected in two visits from the same set of sample households with a view to collect relevant information separately for the two major agricultural seasons in a year.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The universe of the survey include all household members.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 70th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages updated by excluding the villages urbanised and including the towns de-urbanised after 2001 census (henceforth the term 'village' would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the latest updated list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

A total number of 8042 FSUs were allocated for the central sample at all-India level. For the state sample, 8998 FSUs were allocated for all-India. A detailed description of the sampling strategy is given in the Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure of NSS 70th Round, attached in the documentation/external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Abstract

The Land and Livestock Holdings Survey (LLHS) of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) is one of the main sources of information on livestock and poultry held by the household sector of the economy. It also provides estimates of two basic distributions of land holdings, which are; distribution of land owned by households and that of agriculturally operated land. The survey of Land and Livestock Holdings carried out in the 59th round (January-December 2003) of the NSSO is the sixth in the series of similar surveys conducted so far by the NSSO. The objective of these surveys has been to generate basic quantitative information on the agrarian structure of the country, which is relevant to land policy. In the 59th round, information on various aspects of ownership and operational holdings was collected for both rural and urban areas. Each sample household was visited twice during the period of survey with a gap of four to eight months. Two different schedules of enquiry were canvassed in the two visits. The first visit was made during January to August 2003 and the second, during September to December 2003. The survey was conducted in both rural and urban areas. The information present here is for the second visit.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 70th round survey. The First Stage Units (FSUs) are the census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The Ultimate Stage Units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two Hamlet-Groups (HGS)/ sub-blocks from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for FSUs: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages updated by excluding the villages urbanised and including the towns de-urbanised after 2001 census (henceforth the term 'village' would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the latest updated list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: (a)Stratum has been formed at district level. Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there were one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2011 in a district, each of them formed a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district was considered as another basic stratum.

(b)However, a special stratum in the rural sector only was formed at State/ UT level before district- strata were formed in case of each of the following 20 States/UTs: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. This stratum will comprise all the villages of the State with population less than 50 as per census 2001.

(c)In case of rural sectors of Nagaland one special stratum has been formed within the State consisting of all the interior and inaccessible villages. Similarly, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, one more special stratum has been formed within the UT consisting of all inaccessible villages. Thus for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, two special strata have been formed at the UT level: (i)special stratum 1 comprising all the interior and inaccessible villages (ii)special stratum 2 containing all the villages, other than those in special stratum 1, having population less than 50 as per census 2001.

More detailed information about the divisions into substrata are present in the report attached as external resource.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling plan.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Response rate

6760 villages and 3824 urban blocks were allocated throughout the country for the central sample. Information was collected from a sample of 52,265 rural households and 29,893 urban households spread over 6553 villages and 3757 urban blocks through personal interviews.

The elderly population (ageing 60 above) in India is increasing and is projected to climb by 11% point between 2010 to 2050 (UNPD, 2011). Due to better living condition and improved well-being, better health care system, availability of medicines, awareness among the people the mortality rate has reduced substantially. This demography brings a new economic and social concerns afront. The present work tries to investigate the health perception, nature and status of ailment and treatment availed by this part of population in India along with their demographic profile. The database used in the study is the 71st round dataset of National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The work gives a brief review of the recent policies and initiatives taken to end the health challenges faced by the ageing population. Probable policy recommendations have been made that can potentially address the health concerns of the elderly in the country.

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the fifth such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period july 1993 - june 1994 . In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10). Apart from the information usually collected in the quinquennial rounds, information on some new items were also collected.

With the experience gained from the past four quinquennial surveys behind, keeping in view the need for further refinements in the concepts and procedures and wider coverage in the light of international practices, certain modifications/ changes were made in this survey the 50th round, without affecting its comparability with the past surveys. These are briefly cited below:

(i) In the past surveys, the current weekly status (CWS) of a person was first assigned on the basis of the response to the questions relating to his participation in gainful activities (non-gainful activities) and thereafter the daily time disposition data was collected only for those in the labour force as per the CWS. In this round,the daily time disposition for all the persons surveyed were collected and the CWS was determined based on the time disposition data so collected, without probing any further on this point.

(ii) Certain probing questions were introduced to all persons who were unemployed on all the days of the days of the reference week. These include educational background of unemployed, spell of unemployment, industry-occupation of the last employment, reason for leaving the employment, etc.

(iii) A set of probing questions were framed to get the profile of the children (5-14 years) particularly their economic activities.

(iv) As information on migration were collected extensively in the 49th round, items relating to migration were not collected in this 50th round.

(v) The probing questions meant for the employed persons according to usual status were modified to obtain a better view of the underemployment situation.

(vi) Hitherto, in NSS, work was identified with the performing of 'gainful activity'. As the international standards use the term 'economic activity' rather than 'gainful activity', the concept of economic activity was introduced in the fiftieth round. However, the coverage of activities under the new term was kept the same as in the earlier surveys, except, for the inclusion of 'own account production of fixed assets' as a work related activity.

(vii) In the NSS quinquennial surveys the identification of usual status involved a trichotomous classification of persons into 'employed', 'unemployed' and 'out of labour force' based on the major time criterion. In this round, the procedure prescribed was a two stage dichotomous procedure which involves a classification into 'labour force' and 'out of labour force' in the first stage and the labour force into 'employed' and 'unemployed' in the second stage.

Work Programme: The survey period of one year was divided into four sub-rounds of three months duration each as below.

sub-round period of survey

1 July-September, 1993 2 October- December, 1993 3 January-March, 1994 4 April-June, 1994

Period of Survey for the Four Sub-Rounds Equal number of sample villages and blocks was allotted for survey in each of these sub--rounds. However in Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Lakshadweep, and rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, the re-striction of surveying the allotted households during the sub-round period was not strictly enforced.The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households.

Geographic coverage

The fifth quinquennial survey was conducted during the 50th round survey operations from July 1993 to June, 1994. Generally the NSSO surveys cover the entire country with the exception of certain interior areas of Nagala nd and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However in this round besides the above, in the state of Jammu & Kashmir out of the 12 Districts, only three Districts could be surveyed. These Districts viz. Jammu, Kathua and Udhampur are however included in the all India estimates..

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design adopted for this round of survey was similar to that followed in the past surveys in its general aspects. The ge neral scheme was a two stage stratified design with the first stage units being villages in the rural areas and urban frame survey blocks(UFS) in the urban areas. The second stage units were the households.

Sampling frame for first stage units:

The frame used for selection of first stage units in the rural sector was the 1991 census list of villages for all the four sub-rounds for 8 states/u.t.s viz. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Chandigarh. However for Agra district of U.P. and the three districts, viz.Durg, Sagar, and Morena of M.P., samples were drawn using 1981 census list of villages. For Jammu & Kashmir samples for all the 4 sub-rounds were drawn using the 1981 census list as the 1991 census was not conducted in the st ate. For the remaining 23 states/u.t.s, the frame was 1991 census list for sub-rounds 2 to 4 and 1981 census list for sub-round 1 as the 1991 census list was not available for use at the time of drawing the samples. As usual, for Nagaland the list of villages within 5 kms. of the bus route and for Andaman and Nicobar Islands the list of accessible villages constituted the frame. In the case of urban sector the frame consisted of the UFS blocks and, for some newly declared towns where these were not available, the 1991 census enumeration blocks were used.

Region formation and stratification: States were divided into regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and cropping pattern. In rural sector each district was treated a separate stratum if the population was below 2 million and where it exceeded 2 million, it was split into two or more strata. This cut off point of population was taken as 1.8 million ( in place of 2 million ) for the purpose of stratification for districts for which the 1981 census frame wa s used. In the urban sector, strata were formed, within each NSS region on the basis of population size class of towns. However for towns with population of 4 lakhs or more the urban blocks were divided into two classes viz. one consisting of blocks inhabited by affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Selection of first stage units :

Selection of sample villages was done circular systematically with probability proportional to population and sample blocks circular system-atically with equal probability. Both the sample villages and the sample blocks were selected in the form of two or more independent sub-samples. In Arunachal Pradesh the procedure of cluster sampling has been followed. Further large villages/blocks having present population of 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of hamlet- groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet- groups were selected from the larger villages while one sub-block was selected in urban sector for larger blocks.

Selection of households :

While listing the households in the selected villages, certain relatively affluent households were identified and considered as second stage stratum 1 and the rest as second stage stratum 2. A total of 10 households were surveyed from the selected village/hamlet-groups, 2 from the fi rst category and remaining from the second. Further in the second stage stratum-2, the households were arranged according to the means of livelihood. The means of livelihood were identified on the basis of the major source of income as i) self-employed in non-agricultu re, ii) rural labour and iii) others. The land possessed by the households was also ascertained and the frame for selection was arranged on the basis of this information. The households were selected circular systematically from both the second stage strata.

In the urban blocks a different method was used for arranging the households for selection. This involved the identification means of livelihood of households as any one of a) self-employed, b)regular salaried/wage earnings, c) casual labour, d) others. Further the average household monthly per capita consumer expenditure (mpce) was also ascertained. All households with MPCE of (i) Rs. 1200/- or more (in towns with population less than 10 lakhs or (ii) Rs. 1500/- or more (in towns with population 10 lakh or more)

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys quinquennially on consumer expenditure and employment - unemployment. The 50th round (July 1993 - June 1994) was the Fifth quinquennial survey on Consumer Expenditure and Employment - Unemployment. The previous four quinquennial surveys were the 27th (Oct. 1972 - Sept. 1973), the 32nd (Jul.1977 - Jun. 1978), the 38th ( Jan. - Dec. 1983) and 43rd (Jul. 1987 - Jun. 1988) rounds. In other rounds of NSS, also, a consumer expenditure inquiry on a limited scale was being carried out from the 42nd round (1986-87) onwards. From the 45th round onwards the subject coverage of this schedule has been expanded to include some important questions on employment so that an annual series of consumer expenditure and employment data is now available. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. The imputed rent of owner-occupied houses is excluded from consumption expenditure. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. The household consumer expenditure schedule used for the survey collected information on quantity and value of household consumption with a reference period of "last 30 days" for some items of consumption and "last 365 days" for some less frequently purchased items. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification was, as usual, adopted to collect information, including 148 items of food, 13 items of fuel, 28 items of clothing, bedding and footwear, 18 items of educational and medical expenses, 52 items of durable goods, and about 85 other items. The schedule also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member.

The schedule design for the survey was more or less similar to that adopted in the previous quinquennial round. The field work for the survey was conducted, as usual, by the Field Operations Division of the Organisation. The collected data were processed by the Data Processing Division of NSSO and tabulated by the Computer Centre of Department of Statistics. The reports have been prepared by Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD) of NSSO under the guidance of the Governing Council, NSSO.

Data layout of this round is not in accordance with the questionnaire. Some additional variables have been generated for tabulation which the users can ignore.

Geographic coverage

The survey period of the 50th round was from July 1993 to June 1994. The geographical coverage of the survey was to be the whole of the Indian Union except Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, 768 interior villages of Nagaland and 172 villages in Andaman & Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. However, certain districts of Jammu & Kashmir viz., Doda, Anantnag, Pulwama, Srinagar, Badgam, Baramula and Kupwara, and Punjab's Amritsar district, had to be excluded from the survey due to unfavourable field conditions.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design adopted for this round of survey was similar to that followed in the past surveys in its general aspects. The general scheme was a two stage stratified design with the first stage units being villages in the rural areas and urban frame survey blocks (UFS) in the urban areas. The second stage units were the households.

Sampling frame for first stage units:
The latest available lists of census villages (which are mostly the 1981 census lists) constitute the sampling frame for the rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5kms of a bus route constitute the sampling frame whereas, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of accessible villages constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the lists of NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame. However, for some of the newly declared towns of 1991 census for which UFS frame has not been received, the lists of 1991 census EBs have been considered as the sampling frame.

Region formation and stratification: States were divided into regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and cropping pattern. In rural sector each district was treated a separate stratum if the population was below 2 million and where it exceeded 2 million, it was split into two or more strata. This cut off point of population was taken as 1.8 million ( in place of 2 million ) for the purpose of stratification for districts for which the 1981 census frame was used. In the urban sector, strata were formed, within each NSS region on the basis of population size class of towns. However, for towns with population of 4 lakhs or more the urban blocks were divided into two classes viz. one consisting of blocks inhabited by affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Selection of first stage units : Selection of sample villages was done circular systematically with probability proportional to population and sample blocks circular systematically with equal probability. Both the sample villages and the sample blocks were selected in the form of two or more independent sub-samples. In Arunachal Pradesh the procedure of cluster sampling has been followed. Further large villages/blocks having present population of 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of hamlet- groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet- groups were selected from the larger villages while one sub-block was selected in urban sector for larger blocks.

Selection of households : While listing the households in the selected villages, certain relatively affluent households were identified and considered as second stage stratum 1 and the rest as second stage stratum 2.

A total of 10 households were surveyed from the selected village/hamlet-groups, 2 from the first category and remaining from the second. Further in the second stage stratum-2, the households were arranged according to the means of livelihood. The means of livelihood were identified on the basis of the major source of income as i) self-employed in non-agriculture, ii) rural labour and iii) others. The land possessed by the households was also ascertained and the frame for selection was arranged on the basis of this information. The households were selected circular systematically from both the second stage strata.

In the urban blocks a different method was used for arranging the households for selection. This involved the identification means of livelihood of households as any one of a) self-employed, b) regular salaried/wage earnings, c) casual labour, d) others. Further the average household monthly per capita consumer expenditure (mpce) was also ascertained. All households with MPCE of (i) Rs. 1200/- or more (in towns with population less than 10 lakhs or (ii) Rs. 1500/- or more (in towns with population 10 lakh or more) formed second-stage stratum 1 and the rest, second-stage stratum 2.The households of second-stage stratum 2 were arranged according to means of livelihood class and MPCE ranges before selection of sample households. A total of 10 households were selected from each sample block as follows (i) For affluent strata/classes : 4 households from second- stage stratum 1 and 6 households from second-stage stratum 2 (ii) For other strata/classes : 2 households from second-stage stratum 1 and 8 from second-stage stratum 2. Households were then selected circular systematically with a random start.

Shortfall in the required number of household in any second-stage stratum was made up by increasing the quota for the other second stage stratum.

A total of 7284 sample villages (Rural) and 4792 sample blocks (Urban) were allotted in central sample. 6983 sample villages and 470 sample blocks were successfully surveyed covering 356351 persons in sample villages and 208389 persons in sample blocks.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Summary description of the schedule 1.0 on consumer expenditure for NSS 50th round consisted of 14 blocks is given below.

Blocks 0, 1 and 2 - identification of sample households and particulars of field operations. Blocks 3.1 and 3.2 - Household Characteristics. Block 3.3 - Particulars of goods and services received as pert of wages and salaries or perquisites and gifts given and gifts received by the household during the last 30 days Block 4 - Particulars of household members Block 5 - Cash purchase and consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel and light during the last 30 days Block 6.1 - Cash purchase and consumption of

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) carried out the first country wide comprehensive survey of physically disabled persons during the 36th round survey (July - December, 1981). The next survey on the subject was carried out after a period of ten years in NSS 47th round (July - December, 1991). In NSS 36th and 47th round surveys, information was collected on three types of physical disabilities - visual, communication and locomotor - along with the cause of disability, aid/appliance acquired by the disabled, general and vocational educational level of the disabled etc. In addition, data on developmental milestones and behavioural pattern of all children of age 5-14 years, regardless of whether they were physically disabled or not, were collected.

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MSJE) made a request for conducting a survey on disability in order to meet the data needs for evolving specific strategies and interventions during the 10th Five Year Plan. The need for a detailed survey on disability was strongly felt by MSJE since its data requirement included not only the number of disabled persons, but also the socio-economic characteristics of the disabled persons such as their age structure, literacy, vocational training, employment, causative factors of disability, age at the onset of disability etc. Keeping in view the urgent data need of the MSJE, the Governing Council of NSSO, in its 81st meeting, decided that the survey on disability may also be carried out as a part of NSS 58th round during July - December 2002. It has been decided that: (i) The survey of disabled persons will also cover persons with mental disability apart from the physically disabled persons since the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MSJE) also requested for information on mentally disabled persons. The decision to include mental disability in the survey has been taken on the basis of a pre-test of the questions on mental disability, both for the listing and detailed schedules, carried out in the four cities of Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Delhi.

(ii) The information for different types of disabilities is to be collected for persons of all age-groups. Separate information on the developmental milestones of children will not be collected.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Outline of Sample Design

A stratified multi-stage design was adopted for the conduct of survey of NSS 58th round. The first-stage units were census villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) in the rural sector and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units were households in both the sectors.

Sampling Frame for First-Stage Units

For the rural sector, the list of Census 1991 villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) and Census 1981 villages for J & K constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks was considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification

Rural sector: Two special strata were formed as given below at the State/ UT level on the basis of Population Census 1991 viz. Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50, and Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000 The special stratum 1 was formed if at least 50 such FSU's were found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 was formed if at least 4 such FSUs were found in a State/UT. Otherwise, such FSUs were merged with the general strata. From the remaining FSUs (not covered under stratum 1 &2) general strata (hereafter, stratum will refer to general stratum unless otherwise mentioned) was formed and numbered 3, 4, 5 …. etc. (even if no special strata have been formed). Each district of a State/UT was normally treated as a separate stratum. However, if the provisional population of the district was greater than or equal to 2.5 million as per Census 2001, the district was divided into two or more strata with more or less equal population as per population census 1991 by grouping contiguous tehsils. However, in Gujarat, some districts were not wholly included in an NSS region. In such cases, the part of the district falling in an NSS region constituted a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, stratum was formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Census 1991 town population except for towns specified in Table 4. The stratum number and their composition (within each region) are given below: stratum 1: all towns with population (P) < 0.1 million
stratum 2: all towns with 0.1= P < 0.5 million
stratum 3: all towns with 0.5= P < 1 million
stratum 4,5,6, … each town with P= 1 million
The stratum numbers was retained as above even if, in some regions, some of the stratum is not formed.

Sub-stratification

There was no sub-stratification in the rural sector. However, to cover more number of households living in slums, in urban sector each stratum was divided into 2 sub-strata as follows: sub-stratum 1: all UFS blocks having area type 'slum area' sub-stratum 2: remaining UFS blocks If there was one UFS block with area type 'slum area' within a stratum, sub-stratum 1 was not formed; it was merged with sub-stratum 2.

Total sample size (FSUs)

A total number of 8338 and 9076 first-stage units were selected for survey in the Central and State samples respectively.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs

The total sample FSUs was allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to Rural and Urban sectors

State/UT level sample was allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector.

Allocation of Rural /Urban sector level sample size to strata / sub-strata

Both rural and urban sector samples allotted to a State/UT were allocated to different strata in proportion to population of the stratum. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiple of 2. Stratum-level sample size in the urban sector was further allocated to 2 sub-strata in proportion to the number of UFS blocks in them with double weightage to sub-stratum 1 subject to a minimum sample size of 2 or 4 to sub-stratum 1 according as stratum-level allocation is 4 or greater than 4. Sub-stratum level allocations in the urban sector were made even.

Selection of FSUs

FSUs were selected in the form of two independent sub-samples in both the sectors. For special stratum 2 and all the general strata of rural sector, FSUs were selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR) where size was the 1991 census population. For urban sector and special stratum 1 of rural sector, FSUs were selected by simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR).

Selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks / households

Formation of hamlet-group/sub-block

Large villages/ blocks having approximate present population 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks as given below: approximate present population no. of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks formed
less than 1200 1 (no hamlet-group/sub-block formation)
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to 2399 4
2400 to 2999 5
3000 to 3599 6
....and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur and Doda districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala where habitation pattern causes difficulty in listing due to topography of the area, hg formation criterion was relaxed for which number of hamlet groups formed as per population criterion is given below: approximate present population no. of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks formed
less than 600 1 (no hamlet-group/sub-block formation)
600 to 899 3
900 to 1199 4
1200 to 1499 5
....and so on

Hamlet-groups / sub-blocks were formed by more or less equalising population. For large urban blocks, the sub-block (sb) having slum dwellers, if any, was selected with probability 1 and was termed as segment 1. However, if there were more than one sb having slum dwellers, the sb having maximum number of slum dwellers was selected as segment 1. After selection of sb for segment 1, one more sb was selected by simple random sampling (SRS) from the remaining sb's of the block and was termed as segment 2. For large blocks (having no slum areas) two sub-blocks were selected by simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) and were combined to form segment 2. For urban blocks without sub-block formation, segment number was 1 or 2 depending on whether the block was having a slum or not. For large villages two hamlet-groups were selected by SRSWOR and were combined to form segment 2. For villages without hamlet-group formation, segment number was also 2. The segments were considered separately for listing and selection of the ultimate-stage units.

Formation of Second Stage Strata (SSS) and selection of households for schedule 26

In each selected village/block/segment, three second stage strata (SSS) were formed on the basis of disability type. The number of households selected is given below: Without segment formation with segment formation (for each segment)

SSS 1: households

Abstract

An all-India survey on unorganized manufacturing enterprises was carried out by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) as a part of the 62nd round of National Sample Survey (NSS) during July 2005 - June 2006. Other subjects of inquiry were household consumer expenditure, employment and unemployment. Past surveys provided information on various operational characteristics of enterprises like location of enterprise, nature of operation, maintenance of accounts etc. in detail, as well as detailed estimates of employment, assets & borrowings. The 62nd survey round provides information on input, output & value added of unorganized manufacturing enterprises at all India level for different industry groups and at the level of States / UTs for all the industry groups taken together.

The manufacturing sector is one of the important sectors of industry in the Indian economy. As per the latest available National Accounts Statistics, during 2006-07, the manufacturing sector had a share of about 16% in the GDP at factor cost. For the purpose of data collection, the manufacturing sector has been broadly sub-divided into two categories i.e. organized and unorganized. While data for organized manufacturing sector are collected through Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), the same for unorganized manufacturing sector are collected periodically through sample surveys as follow-up surveys of Economic Censuses (EC). The unorganized manufacturing sector has roughly about one-third share in the total contribution by the manufacturing sector in the GDP.

Recognizing the importance of the unorganized manufacturing sector in terms of its share in GDP as well as in total employment, NSS has taken up this subject in many of its rounds. That way collection of data on unorganized manufacture has a long history in the NSS. In fact, the very first round of NSS had small-scale manufacturing and handicrafts as one of its subjects of enquiry. Thereafter, data on small-scale manufacture were collected also in the NSS rounds 3-10, 14, 23 and 29. These surveys used the list of villages from Population Census and list of census enumeration blocks, or lists of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks of NSSO subject to their availability, as the sampling frame for selection of villages / urban blocks.

A review of the surveys conducted by NSSO in the initial rounds mentioned above indicated that a better sampling frame was necessary to generate more accurate statistics of the unorganized sector. The need for auxiliary information on areas of concentration of enterprises for stratification purpose was strongly felt for developing more efficient sampling designs. This demand ultimately culminated in the conduct of periodic Economic Censuses (EC), which provided the frame for the follow-up surveys on non-agricultural enterprises including those engaged in unorganized manufacturing.

With the launching of the EC in 1977 (five ECs have been conducted so far), the follow-up surveys of EC on unorganized manufacturing generally used the village and block level information on number of enterprises/workers as per the EC for selection of villages and urban blocks in the follow-up surveys. The approach of data collection from enterprises was also changed from the 'household approach' used earlier (i.e. prior to the launching of EC) to the 'site approach' whenever such sites existed. So far NSS has conducted six follow-up surveys of EC through rounds 33rd (1978-79), 40th (1984-85), 45th (1989-90), 51st (1994-95), 56th (2000-01), and 62nd (2005-06) with unorganized manufacture as the main subject of enquiry. In the 62nd round of NSS, area frame thrown up by the latest EC (1998) was however used only partially because the frame was considered to be old. However, for 27 cities having a population of one million or more (as per Census 2001) which are likely to have a substantial share in the total number of unorganized manufacturing enterprises in the country, a decision was taken to make use of the list of urban blocks giving count of number of enterprises/workers at the block level as per EC 1998 as the sampling frame for stratification and selection of urban blocks. For the remaining towns/cities, latest lists of UFS blocks were used as the sampling frame2. In case of rural areas, list of villages (or panchayat wards in case of Kerala) of Census 2001 served as the sampling frame for selection of villages as the first stage units (FSUs).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior village of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometers of bus route and (iii) villages of Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. All the sample FSUs of the districts Poonch and Rajouri of the state of Jammu and Kashmir became casualty. Thus, the estimates for Jammu and Kashmir as well as for all-India do not include these areas.

Analysis unit

• enterprise

Universe

Unorganized manufacturing enterprises not covered by ASI, under the two-digit codes 15 to 37 (Section 'D') of NIC-2004 and enterprises under cotton ginning, cleaning and baling (NIC-2004, code 01405). All government and public sector undertakings were outside the coverage of the survey. It is to be noted that only those enterprises, which operated for at least 30 days (15 days for seasonal enterprises) during the last 365 days preceding the date of survey, were eligible for survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

One salient feature of the sample design adopted during the 62nd round was the use of list frame, in addition to the usual area frame, which was done to capture sufficient number of relatively 'bigger' enterprises with a view to improving the overall estimate of gross value added per worker, total number of workers, total input, total output, etc. A list of 8,000 big non-ASI manufacturing enterprises2 for the urban sector only was prepared as per the data of the census of manufacturing enterprises conducted by Development Commissioner of Small Scale Industries (DCSSI) in 2003. This list served as the list frame. All these units in the list frame were considered for survey without resorting to any sampling. For the coverage of all other enterprises in the universe, the usual area frame approach was followed for sampling of enterprises in stages. It is important to mention that this dual frame approach was experimented for the first time in the 62nd round. The effectiveness of using the list frame has been discussed under Chapter four.

In the area frame approach, the list of all the villages (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) / urban blocks of the country served as the sampling frame of first stage units (FSUs). Thus, the FSUs were villages (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units were enterprises in both the sectors. However, in case of large FSUs requiring hamlet-group (hg) / sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage in the sampling involved the selection of two hg's / sb's from each FSU out of a minimum of three hg's/sb's formed in the FSU. Of these two selected hg's/sb's, one was selected with probability '1' (termed as segment 1) and another one (termed as segment 2) was selected from among the remaining hg's/sb's of the FSU at random. The hg/sb selected with certainty (i.e. segment 1) was the hg/sb having maximum number of directory manufacturing establishments (DMEs) (or with maximum number of non-directory manufacturing establishments (NDMEs) if there was no DME, or with maximum number of own account manufacturing enterprises (OAMEs) if there was no DME/NDME, or with maximum population if there was no DME/NDME/OAME3 in the entire FSU). Smaller FSUs without any hg/sb formation were identified/categorized as segment 1 for the purpose of survey (segment 2 does not exist for such FSUs). As regards the first stage stratification, two basic strata were formed within each district of a State/UT: rural stratum comprising all rural areas of the district and urban stratum consisting of all urban areas of the district. However, each city with a population of one million or more as per Census 2001 was invariably treated as a separate stratum by itself. For details of stratification, sub-stratification and selection of sample FSUs, reference may be made to Appendix-B of of the final report no.526.

For each of segments 1 and 2 for the selected sample FSUs, a frame of eligible enterprises was prepared by the field investigators by visiting each and every house/household within the selected geographical area. While doing so, if any enterprise of the list frame was encountered, care was taken not to list it again within segment 1 or 2 as a part of the area sample / area frame to guard against duplication of enterprises between the two types of frames. Listing and sampling of enterprises in the area frame was independent for each of segments 1 and 2. In this context, it may be mentioned that for each selected FSU of rural sub-strata 1 and 2 only (see Appendix B for composition of these two sub-strata), segment 9 was also carved out within the FSU, which comprised top 10 big non-ASI registered SSI enterprises (identified by jointly considering the number of workers in the enterprise and gross value of output of the enterprise) located within the boundaries of the entire FSU. The list of such units for selected FSUs was made available to the field investigators in order to facilitate formation of segment 9. Respective frames of segments 1 and 2 in these FSUs excluded the units listed under segment 9. The effectiveness of the formation of segment 9 has been discussed under Chapter

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in its 52nd round (July’95 – June’96) carried out a nation wide survey on social consumption to ascertain the extent of utilisation of facilities in the field of Education and Health. The four main topics covered in the 52nd round are: (i) Utilisation of maternity and child health care services (ii) Morbidity and utilisation of medical services (iii) Problems of aged persons (iv) Participation in education . The object of the this survey was essentially to study the benefits derived by various sections of the population from investments made by the Government, to a major extent, as well as by the private sector in the fields of health and education and also to study the problems of aged persons. In addition, the topics of household consumer expenditure and employment-unemployment were covered as is usual with this round.

Geographic coverage

National, State, Urban, Rural

Analysis unit

Households and indivisuals

Universe

All Households, household members, Children ( 0-4 years ), all women of age below 50 years who were pregnant during last 365 days in the household, all mothers of children born during last 365 days in the household, all persons aged 6o years and above in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified two-stage sample design was adopted for the 52nd round .The first-stage units were the census villages for the rural areas (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks for the urban areas. The second-stage units were the households in both cases. Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: The lists of census villages of the1991 census (1981 census list for Jammu & Kashmir) constituted the sampling frame for the rural areas ( panchayat wards for kerela / villages within 5kms of bus route for nagaland / list of accesible villages for andamand and nicobar islands ). For the urban areas, the list of NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks was used as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata was formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. In all, there were 78 regions covering the entire geographical area of the country.

Sub-stratification: Rural sector: In the rural areas, each district within a region was treated as a separate stratum. However, if the 1991 census population of the district was found to be greater than or equal to 2 million (1.8 million population as per 1981 census for Jammu & Kashmir), the district was split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. Urban sector: In the urban areas, strata were formed, within each NSS region, by grouping towns on the basis of the population of towns. All towns with population less than 50,000 formed the first stratum, all towns with population 50,000 -1,99,999 formed 2nd stratum, all towns with population 200,000 -9,99,999 formed 3rd stratum and each city with population 10,00,000 or above formed rest of the starta and so on.

Total sample size (FSUs): 16,480 villages were planned to survey in this round. Of these, 7888 were allocated to the Central sample and the rest to the State sample . In the urban sector, the allocations for the Central and State samples were respectively, 5112 and 6320 blocks. The number of villages and that of urban blocks actually surveyed as the Central sample were 7,663 and 4,991 respectively.

Total sample size(SSUs): 10 households were planned to survey in each selected FSU. In the Central sample, the actual numbers of households surveyed in the rural and urban areas were 71,284 and 49,658, respectively. Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: The sample size of FSUs (rural & urban combined) for the Central sample for a State/U.T. was allocated to its rural and urban areas considering the relative sizes of the rural and urban population with double weightage to the urban areas. The State level rural sample size was allocated to the rural strata in proportion to their rural population figures as per the census and urban sample size of the State/U.T. was allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population figures as per the census. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiples of 8. Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size was allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level was adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs: The sample FSUs in the rural and urban areas were selected circular systematically with equal probability in the form of two independent sub samples (cluster sampling for rural areas of arunachal pradesh). Selection of SSUs: In each of the selected FSUs, three different enquiries, viz. "Survey on Health Care", "Survey on Participation in Education" and "Survey on Consumer Expenditure", were conducted on three independent samples of households. For the present enquiry, i.e. the survey on "HealthCare", a sample of 10 households was selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households were first grouped into two second-stage strata. Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks: A large FSU was divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks having approximately equal population content.Two hamlet-groups were selected from each large FSU in the rural areas and only one sub-block was selected from each large FSU of the urban areas.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The identification particulars of the sample village/block and the sample household were recorded in blocks 0 & 1. Some socio-economic characteristics of the sample household, such as, social-group, household type, major source of drinking water, type of latrine, etc., were recorded in block 2. The demographic particulars like age, sex, marital status, etc., along with the prevalence of ailments were collected for all the normal resident members of the sample household and were recorded in block 3. Block 3.1 is meant for recording, for each ever married women of age below 50 years, the detailed particulars of pregnancy during last 365 days as well as during life time. For the members who died during last 365 days, the sex, age at death, cause, place, whether hospitalised, etc., were enquired. All these particulars were recorded in block 3.2. The consumption of tobacco/intoxicants prevalent among the persons in the age-group 10 years and above were collected and recorded in block 3.3. The next four blocks 4, 4.1, 5 & 5.1 were meant for recording the particulars of morbidity, utilisation of medical services and particulars of expenses incurred directly or indirectly for treatment of ailments that the household members suffered during the reference period. In fact, the particulars for the part relating to the cases of hospitalisation due to ailments of household members during a period of 365 days were recorded in block 4 and related expenses in block 4.1. For each spell of ailment that the household members suffered during last 15 days, the particulars of utilisation of health services were recorded in block 5 and that of the expenses for the non-hospitalised (not as an anpatient of hospital) part of the treatment in block 5.1. Certain health services in the form of inoculation for immunisation against certain infectious diseases were administered to the children in the first four years of life. Block 6 recorded information on utilisation of such inoculation services as well as other health cares for the children in the age-group 0-4 years. While particulars of pre-natal care of women who were pregnant during last 365 days were recorded in block 7, the information on maternity and post-natal care of mothers who gave births to children were recorded in block 8. The subsequent three blocks 9 to 11 relate the aged persons (i.e. those of age 60 years and above). Particulars of their economic independence and chronic ailments were collected in block 9. For the aged persons who were ever employed but currently not employed, the information like, age at retirement/withdrawal, cause of retirement/withdrawal, etc. were collected and recorded in block 10. Particulars of familial integration in social matters, religious matters, household chores, etc. were recorded in block 11. While block 12 is meant for recording the particulars of field operations. Blocks 12.1 & 12.2 are meant for recording the remarks/comments by the investigators and supervisory officers, respectively. In a nutshell, the schedule on survey on health care (schedule 25.0) framed for the 52nd round consists of 20 blocks. The different blocks of the schedule are: Block 0 : descriptive identification of sample household Block 1 : identification of sample household Block 2 : household characteristics Block 3 : demographic particulars of household members Block 3.1 : particulars of pregnancy(ies) of ever married women of age below 50 years Block 3.2 : particulars of deaths in the household during last 365 days Block 3.3 : use of tobacco/intoxicants by members aged 10 years and above Block 4 : particulars of medical treatment received as inpatient of a hospital during last 365 days Block 4.1 : expenses incurred for treatment of members treated as impatient of hospital during last 365 days and source of finance Block 5

Abstract

Millions of farmers in India have made significant contributions in providing food and nutrition to the entire nation, while also providing livelihoods to millions of people in the country. During the past five decades of planned economic development, India has moved from food-shortage and imports to self-sufficiency and exports. Food security and well being of the farmer appears to be major areas of concern of the planners and policy makers of Indian agriculture. In order to have a comprehensive picture of the farming community at the commencement of the third millennium, and to analyze the impact of the transformation induced by public policy, investments and technological change on the farmers' access to resources and income, as well as well-being; the Ministry of Agriculture decided to collect information on Indian farmers through a Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) and entrusted the job of conducting the survey to the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO).

The SAS 2003 is the first of its kind to be conducted by NSSO. Though information on a majority of items to be collected through SAS have been collected in some round or other of NSS, an integrated schedule - Schedule 33, covering some basic characteristics of farming households and their access to basic and modern farming resources was canvassed for the first time in SAS. Moreover, information on consumption of various goods and services in an abridged form were also collected to have an idea about the pattern of consumption expenditure of the farming households.

Schedule 33 was designed for collecting information on aspects relating to farming and other socio-economic characteristics of farming households. The information was collected in two visits to the same set of sample households. The first visit was made during January to August 2003 and the second, during September to December 2003. The survey was conducted in rural areas only. It was canvassed in the Central Sample except for the States of Maharashtra and Meghalaya where it was canvassed in both State and Central samples.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified multi-stage sampling design was adopted for the SAS 2003, 59th round. The First Stage Unit (FSU), also known as the primary sampling unit, was the census village in the rural sector and UFS block in the urban sector. The Ultimate Stage Units (USUs) were households in both sectors. Hamlet-group / sub-block constitute the intermediate stage, if these are formed in the selected area.

The list of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) based on the Population Census of 1991 constituted the sampling frame for FSUs in rural areas, while the latest UFS frame was the sampling frame used for urban areas. For stratification of towns by size class, provisional population of towns as per Census 2001 was used. A detailed description of the sampling strrategy can be found in the estimation procedure document attached in the documentation/external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Universe

The following rules regarding the population to be covered were applied in listing of households and persons:

1. Under-trial prisoners in jails and indoor patients of hospitals, nursing homes etc., are to be excluded, but residential staff therein will be listed while listing is done in such institutions. The persons of the first category will be considered as normal members of their parent households and will be counted there. Convicted prisoners undergoing sentence will be outside the coverage of the survey.

2. Floating population, i.e., persons without any normal residence will not be listed. But households residing in open space, roadside shelter, under a bridge, etc., more or less regularly in the same place, will be listed.

3. Foreign nationals will not be listed, nor their domestic servants, if by definition the latter belong to the foreign national's household. If, however, a foreign national becomes an Indian citizen for all practical purposes, he or she will be covered.

4. Persons residing in barracks of military and paramilitary forces (like police, BSF, etc.) will be kept outside the survey coverage due to difficulty in conduct of survey therein. However, civilian population residing in their neighbourhood, including the family quarters of service personnel, are to be covered. Permission for this may have to be obtained from appropriate authorities.

5. Orphanages, rescue homes, ashrams and vagrant houses are outside the survey coverage. However, persons staying in old age homes, students staying in ashrams/ hostels and the residential staff (other than monks/ nuns) of these ashrams may be listed. For orphanages, although orphans are not to be listed, the persons looking after them and staying there may be considered for listing.

DEFINITION OF A HOUSEHOLD:

A group of persons normally living together and taking food from a common kitchen will constitute a household. It will include temporary stay-aways (those whose total period of absence from the household is expected to be less than 6 months) but exclude temporary visitors and guests (expected total period of stay less than 6 months). Even though the determination of the actual composition of a household will be left to the judgment of the head of the household, the following procedures will be adopted as guidelines.

(i) Each inmate (including residential staff) of a hostel, mess, hotel, boarding and lodging house, etc., will constitute a single-member household. If, however, a group of persons among them normally pool their income for spending, they will together be treated as forming a single household. For example, a family living in a hotel will be treated as a single household.

(ii) In deciding the composition of a household, more emphasis is to be placed on 'normally living together' than on 'ordinarily taking food from a common kitchen'. In case the place of residence of a person is different from the place of boarding, he or she will be treated as a member of the household with whom he or she resides.

(iii) A resident employee, or domestic servant, or a paying guest (but not just a tenant in the household) will be considered as a member of the household with whom he or she resides even though he or she is not a member of the same family.

(iv) When a person sleeps in one place (say, in a shop or in a room in another house because of space shortage) but usually takes food with his or her family, he or she should be treated not as a single member household but as a member of the household in which other members of his or her family stay.

(v) If a member of a family (say, a son or a daughter of the head of the family) stays elsewhere (say, in hostel for studies or for any other reason), he/ she will not be considered as a member of his/ her parent's household. However, he/ she will be listed as a single member household if the hostel is listed.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 64th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) was the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. However, for the newly declared towns and out growths (OGs) in census 2001 for which UFS had not yet been done, each individual town/ OG was considered as an FSU. The ultimate stage units (USU) was be households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs i.e. villages/ towns/ blocks requiring hamlet-group (hg)/ sub-block (sb) formation, one intermediate stage was the selection of two hgs/ sbs from each FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitute the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks and for non-UFS towns list of such towns/ OGs was considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata were formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there were one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them formed a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district was considered as another basic stratum. For a few districts, particularly in case of Tamil Nadu, if total number of towns in the district for which UFS was not yet done exceeds certain number, all such towns taken together formed another basic stratum. Otherwise, they were merged with the UFS towns for stratification.

Sub-stratification in the Rural sector: If "r" be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed is "r/4?. The villages within a district as per frame were first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to "r/4" were demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population.

Sub-stratification in the Urban sector: If "u" be the sample size for a urban stratum, "u/4" number of sub-strata were formed. The towns within a district, except those with population 10 lakhs or more and also the non-UFS towns, were first arranged in ascending order of population. Next, UFS blocks of each town were arranged by IV unit no. × block no. in ascending order. From this arranged frame of UFS blocks of all the towns, "u/4? number of sub-strata were formed in such a way that each sub-stratum had more or less equal number of FSUs. For towns with population 10 lakhs or more, the urban blocks were first arranged by IV unit no. × block no. in ascending order. Then "u/4? number of sub-strata were formed in such a way that each sub-stratum had more or less equal number of blocks. All non-UFS towns taken together within the district formed one sub-stratum.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12688 FSUs for central sample and 13624 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators had been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample was allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 8 FSUs was allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocation for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

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More information on the sampling methodology is available in the document " Instructions to Field Staff - Volume-I"

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the 64th round survey, a separate schedule on employment and unemployment (Schedule 10.2), with provision for collecting information on migration particulars, will be canvassed.

The broad structure of the employment and unemployment part of Schedule 10.2 will be the same as that of the schedule canvassed during the NSS 60th round with the following modifications: a) Information on vocational training will not be collected. b) Particulars of persons unemployed on all the 7 days will not be collected in the present round.

The scope for collecting information on migration particulars has been enlarged with the provision for collecting information on: a) Migration particulars of the households which migrated to the place of enumeration during the last 365 days, such as location of last usual residence, pattern of migration and reason for migration. b) Particulars of out-migrants who migrated out to other village/ town, from the household, any time in the past, such as present place of residence, reason for migration, period