The National Sample Survey contains a variety of socio-economic data for India and is collected by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation for planning and policy formulation. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) conducts the Socio-Economic (SE) Surveys, nationwide sample surveys relating to various socio-economic topics. Surveys are conducted in the form of Rounds, each Round being normally of one-year duration and occasionally for a period of six months.The National Sample Survey website provides further information about the survey, coverages and methodology.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. The NSSO conducts regular consumer expenditure surveys as part of its "rounds", each round being normally of a year's duration and covering more than one subject of study. The surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country. Surveys on consumer expenditure are being conducted quinquennially on a large sample of households from the 27th round (October 1972 - September 1973) onwards. The fourth quinquennial survey on household consumer expenditure was carried out during July 1987 - June 1988. The three previous surveys of this series were carries out in the 27th (October-September 1973) , the 32nd (July 1977 to June 1978) and the 38th (January to December , 1983) rounds of the NSSO. The present survey like the previous one, covered the entire population. Expenditure incurred by the sample household for the purpose of domestic consumption were collected for the 30 days preceding the date of survey. No account has, however, been taken of any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the household. It may be mentioned here that in order to get more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compared to the design of the 38th round). The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting: i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

The field work for the survey was conducted, as usual, by the Field Operations Division of the Organisation. The collected data were processed by the Data Processing Division of NSSO and tabulated by the Computer Centre of Department of Statistics. The reports have been prepared by Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD) of NSSO under the guidance of the Governing Council, NSSO.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting: i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey will have a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.s) or villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors.

Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s: The lists of 1981 census villages constitute the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame have been used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constitute the sampling frame.

Stratification: States are first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts, similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state.

RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981 Census rural population less 1.8 million forms a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however, in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further, in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling).

URBAN SECTOR: In the urban sector, strata are formed, again within NSS region, on the basis of the population size class of towns. Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative, as in the earlier rounds. For the purpose of stratification, in towns with 1981 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories, viz. - One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Allocation for first stage units: The total all-India sample size has been allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section.

Selection of f.s.u.'s: The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS). The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability, also in the form of two IPNS's.

Sample size (central sample): The all India sample in respect of the central sample consists of 8518 villages and 4648 blocks.

Sample size (state sample): All the states and Union Territories except Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep are participating in this round at least on an equal matching basis.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The NSSO surveys on consumer expenditure aim to measure the household consumer expenditure in quantitative terms disaggregated by various household characteristics.

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had 11 blocks.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed and cultivated, type of dwelling etc. are recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block the detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. are recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel & light during the last 30 days are recorded.

Block-6: Consumption of clothing during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-7: Consumption of footwear during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-9 : Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use is recorded here.

Block-10 : Particulars of dwelling units are recorded in this block.

Block-11 : Summary of consumer expenditure during last 30 days is recorded in this block.

Abstract

The 52nd round of the National Sample Survey was carried out by the National Sample Survey Office from July 1995 to June 2006 and included the following topics: consumer expenditure and labor participation, utilisation of maternity and child health care services, morbidity and utilisation of medical services, problems of aged persons, and participation in education.

Schedule 25.2 - Participation in Education - is documented here.

Details on educational services received by the household were collected from each sampled household. General demographic information such as age, sex, educational level attained, current enrolment status, etc., were collected from all the household members. But the target group of the schedule was household members age 5-24 years. The questions directed to those who were currently studying included details of the course, level and year of study, type of management of educational institution they were attending, whether the institution was recognised or not, the facilities utilised by them in terms of scholarship, free studentship, etc., and details of private expenditure on education incurred by them. Those currently not attending any educational institution were asked whether they were ever enrolled or not, whether they had completed their education or discontinued midcourse and what were the reasons for dropping out or for non-enrolment.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

• household members 5-24 years old, irrespective of whether they are currently attending any educational institution or not.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified two-stage design was adopted in this round. The first-stage units were the census villages for the rural areas (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks for the urban areas. The second stage units were the households in both the cases.

Sampling Frame for First-Stage Units (FSUs):

The list of census villages of the 1991 census (1981 census list for Jammu & Kashmir) constituted the sampling frame for the rural areas. For Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards was used as the sampling frame for the selection of first stage units in the rural areas. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 km of a bus route constituted the sampling frame, whereas for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of 'accessible' villages formed the sampling frame. For the urban areas, the list of NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks has been used as the sampling frame.

Stratification:

For the socio-economic surveys of the NSSO, each state or union territory (u.t.) is divided into one or more agro-climatic regions by grouping contiguous districts which are similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts are subdivided for the purpose of region formation on the basis of location of dry areas and the distribution of tribal population in the state. In all, there are 78 regions covering the entire geographical area of the country.

Allocation of First Stage Units (FSUs):

A sample of 13,000 FSUs (rural & urban combined) was selected as the 'central sample' at the all-India level. The sample size of FSUs (rural & urban combined) for the central sample for a state/u.t. was allocated to its rural and urban areas considering the relative sizes of the rural and urban population with double weightage to the urban areas. The state level rural sample size was allocated to the rural strata in proportion to their rural population figures as per the census. Similarly, urban sample size of the state/u.t. was allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population figures as per the census. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiples of 8 as far as possible (otherwise to multiples of 4) in order to allocate them equally in each sub-sample x sub-round combination (2 sub-samples x 4 sub-rounds).

Selection of First-Stage Units:

The sample FSUs in the rural areas were selected circular systematically with equal probability. In the Union Territory of Daman & Diu, the district Diu consists of only two villages. These two were selected for the survey in both the central and the state sample. Sample blocks in the urban areas were also selected circular systematically with equal probability. Sample FSUs of both the rural and urban areas were selected in the form of two independent sub-samples. The only departure from the general procedure of selection of FSUs was made for the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh for which the procedure of cluster sampling was followed. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two independent sub-samples. A cluster, generally of 4 to 6 villages, was formed around each nucleus village.

Selection of Hamlet-Groups/ Sub-Blocks (for 'large' FSUs only):

A large FSU was divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet-groups were selected from each large FSU in the rural areas and only one sub-block was selected from each large FSU of the urban areas.

Selection of Households (Second-Stage Units):

In each of the selected FSUs, three different enquiries, "Survey on Health Care", "Survey on Participation in Education" and "Survey on Consumer Expenditure", were conducted on three independent samples of the households. For the present enquiry, i.e. survey on education, a sample of 6 households was selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households were first grouped into two second-stage strata.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

The Debt and Investment survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is designed to gather comprehensive data on the asset and liability structure of households across India. This survey provides critical insights into household indebtedness, the incidence of debt, its magnitude, and related economic parameters. It also explores the investment patterns, examining the acquisition of assets and the expenditure on different forms of investment. The survey's findings are vital for policymakers to understand economic conditions at the micro-level and to frame strategies for financial inclusion and poverty alleviation.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys on consumer expenditure. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification is adopted to collect information, including items of food, items of fuel, items of clothing, bedding and footwear, items of educational and medical expenses, items of durable goods and other items. The schedule has also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Ladakh & Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of a bus route & (iii) villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands remaining inaccessible throughout the year. All the villages of the country, uninhabited according to 1991 census, are also left out of the survey coverage of the NSS 55th round.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

An outline of sampling design: A stratified sampling design has been adopted for selection of the sample first-stage units (FSU's). The FSU's are villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) for rural areas and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks for urban areas. The Ultimate stage units (USU's) are enterprises for schedule 2.0 and households for schedule 1.0/ 10/ 10.1, which are selected by the method of circular systematic sampling from the corresponding frame in the FSU. Large FSU's are subdivided into hamlet groups (rural)/ sub-blocks (urban), that are grouped into two segments, and USU's are selected independently from each of these segments.

Sampling Frame: List of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) as per 1991Census and latest lists of UFS blocks are respectively used for selection of rural and urban sample FSU's. For selection of sample villages from the State of Jammu & Kashmir, list of villages as per 1981Census has been used as the sampling frame.

Sample size (FSU's):
A total number of 10,384 FSU's were selected for survey in the central sample at all-India level (rural & urban combined) in the 55th round. For state samples, there were matching sample size as per the usual matching pattern being followed over the last few rounds. Sample size for the whole round for each State/UT x Sector (i.e. rural/ urban) are allocated equally among the 4 sub-rounds. Sample FSU's for each sub-round are selected afresh in the form of 2 independent sub-samples.

Selection of FSU's: For each sub-round, sample FSU's from each stratum are selected in the form of 2 independent sub-samples by following circular systematic sampling with (a) probability proportional to population for all rural strata other than stratum 1, and (b) equal probability for rural stratum 1 as well as all urban strata.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 1.0 of the 55th NSS round consists of the following blocks:

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household: This block is meant for recording descriptive identification particulars of a sample household.

Block 1: Identification of sample household

Block 2: Particulars of field operation

Block 3: Household characteristics:
Characteristics which are mainly intended to be used to classify the households for tabulation has been recorded in this block.

Block 4: Demographic and other particulars of household members: All members of the sample household have been listed in this block. Demographic particulars (viz., relation to head, sex, age, marital status and general education), working status, type of income received and number of meals taken have been recorded for each member using one line for one member.

Block 5: Consumption of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the last 7 days and 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 5.1: Consumption of fuel and light during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 6: Consumption of clothing, bedding etc. during the last 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 7: Consumption of footwear during the 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 8.1: Expenditure on education & medical (institutional) goods and services during the last 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 8.2: Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services including medical (non-institutional), rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 9: Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repair and maintenance) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 10.1: Particulars of production and consumption from kitchen garden, backyard etc.: This block is intended to collect information on quantity and value of each item produced in the kitchen garden during the agriculture year July 1998 - June 1999. This apart, information on item wise consumption made out of the produce from kitchen garden during last 30 days preceding the date of survey has been collected irrespective of whether the item has been produced during the agriculture year July 1998 - June 1999.

Block 10.2: Consumption of selected non-food items from home-produced stock:
This block has been designed to collect information on consumption of some selected non-food items out of home-produced stock during last 30 days preceding the date of survey.

Block 11: Purchase of selected commodities supplied through public distribution system: This block is designed to collect information on purchase of four commodities, namely, rice, wheat, sugar and kerosene through public distribution system and from other sources.

Block 12: Perception of household regarding sufficiency of food: This block has been filled after completion of the enquiry on all the preceding blocks. This question is asked in order to know the perception of the household regarding sufficiency of food.

Block 13 : Particulars of goods and services received as part of wages and salaries or perquisites and gifts given and gifts received by the household (only for non-food items): This block is restricted to non-food items only, that is, items 310 to 643 of detailed blocks. It has been designed to record the particulars of goods and services received as part of wages and salaries or perquisites and gifts given and gifts received by the household during the last 30 days prior to the date of survey.

Block 14: Summary of consumer expenditure: This block is meant to derive the value of household per capita consumption expenditure for a period of 30 days.

Block 15: Remarks by investigator: Any remark which is considered necessary for explaining any peculiarity in the consumption pattern of the household or any other characteristic of the household has been noted here. Such remarks help understanding the entries made in different blocks of the schedule, especially when any entry is very high or very low.

Block 16: Remarks by supervisory officer: The supervisory officers note their views on any aspect relating to the household and on any observed peculiarity in the consumption pattern of the household in this block.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey made its first attempt to collect information on morbidity in the seventh round (Oct. 1953 - March 1954). This survey and the morbidity surveys conducted in the three subsequent rounds (the eleventh to the thirteenth, 1956-58) were all exploratory in nature. The aim of these surveys was to evolve an appropriate data collection method for studying morbidity profile in India. These surveys were followed up by a pilot survey in the seventeenth round (Sept. 1961 - July 1962) to examine alternative approaches of morbidity reporting. With the aid of the findings of these exploratory surveys, a full-scale survey on morbidity was conducted in the twenty-eighth round (Oct. 1973 - June 1974). Since then, the NSSO had not undertaken any separate morbidity survey and data on morbidity became a part of the decennial surveys on social consumption. The object of the present survey was essentially to study the benefits derived by various sections of the population from investments and outlays made by the Government, as well as by the private sector in the fields of health and get an estimate of expenditure incurred by households to avail health care services including immunization and maternity care.

The NSSO carried out the first all-India Survey on Social Consumption in its 35th round (July 1980 - June 1981). The items covered were the public distribution system, health services including mass immunisation and family welfare programmes, and educational services. The results of the survey could not be brought out owing to some unavoidable reasons. The second survey on Social Consumption was carried out in the 42nd round (July 1986 - June 1987) with some modifications in the coverage of subjects. Topics like Problems of Aged Persons were included in this round. The third Survey on Social Consumption was carried out in the 52nd round (July 1995 - June 1996). Two topics, viz. utilisation of the public distribution system and utilisation of family planning services, were dropped, as these were covered in the NSS 50th round and in a nationwide survey by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, respectively.

After a gap of about nine years, the Governing Council decided to take up a survey on ‘Morbidity and Health care’ at the request of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, during the period January to June, 2004. The enquiry covered the curative aspects of the general health care system in India and also the utilization of health care services provided by the public and private sector, together with the expenditure incurred by the households for availing these services.

Geographic coverage

National, State, Urban, Rural

Analysis unit

households

Universe

All households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

An outline of the sampling design: The sampling design adopted for the survey was essentially a stratified multi-stage one for both rural and urban areas. The first stage units (FSUs) were villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) for rural areas and NSS Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks for urban areas. The ultimate stage units (USUs) were households. Large FSUs were subdivided into hamlet-groups (rural)/sub-blocks (urban). Details of the formation of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks and procedure of selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks and then of households are also given in Appendix B.

Sampling Frame for FSUs: The list of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) as per 1991 Census and latest lists of UFS blocks of NSSO were respectively used for selection of rural and urban sample FSUs. For selection of sample villages from the State of Jammu & Kashmir, the list of villages as per 1981 Census was used as the sampling frame. However, interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of the bus route and inaccessible villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands were left out of the survey coverage of NSS 60th round.

Stratification : Rural sector: Two special strata will be formed at the State/ UT level, viz. Stratum 1: All FSUs with population between 0 to 50 and Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000. Special stratum 1 will be formed if at least 50 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 will be formed if at least 4 such FSUs are found in a State/UT.Otherwise, such FSUs will be merged with the general strata.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Population Census 2001. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below. stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 2 lakhs stratum 3 : all towns with population 2 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6,...: each town with population 10 lakhs or more.The stratum numbers will remain as above even if, in some regions, some of the strata are not formed.

Total sample size (FSUs): 7612 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 8260 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Selection of FSUs: FSUs will be selected with Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 1991 in all the strata for rural sector except for stratum 1. In stratum 1 of rural sector and in all the strata of urban sector, selection will be done using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each stratum, samples will be drawn in the form of two independent subsamples in both the rural and urban sectors.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. Earlier practice of giving double weightage to urban sector has been modified considering the fact that there has been considerable growth in urban population. A minimum of 8 FSUs will be allocated to each state/UT separately for rural and urban areas.

The procedure for selection of fsus/usus is given in detail in Appendix B of the report no.507 attached as external resources.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sample deviation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The schedule on morbidity and health care (Schedule 25.0) framed for the 60th round consists of 13 blocks. The different blocks of the schedule are: Block 0: descriptive identification of sample household Block 1: identification of sample household Block 2: particulars of field operation
Block 3: household characteristics Block 4: demographic particulars of household members Block 5: particulars of earstwhile household members who died during last 365 days Block 6: particulars of economic independence and ailments for persons aged 60 years and above Block 7: particulars of medical treatment received as inpatient of a hospital during last 365 days Block 8: expenses incurred for treatment of members treated as impatient of hospital during last 365 days and source of finance Block 9: particulars of spells of ailment of household members during last 15 days (including hospitalisation) Block 10: expenses incurred during last 15 days for treatment of members (not as an inpatient of hospital) and source of finance Block 11: particulars of immunisation of children (0 - 4 yrs.), pre-natal and post-natal care for ever married women of age below 50 years during last 365 days Block 12: remarks by investigator Block 13: comments by supervisory officer(s)

Response rate

Sample size -- first-stage units: In all, 10,072 villages were planned to be surveyed in this round. Of these, 4,908 were allocated to the central sample -- the part surveyed mainly by the NSSO field staff -- and the rest to the State sample -- the part surveyed by the State agencies. In the urban sector, the allocations for the Central and State samples were, respectively, 2,708 and 3,096 blocks. This report is based on the estimates obtained from the central sample alone. The number of villages and that of urban blocks actually surveyed as the central sample were 4,755 and 2,668 respectively. 1.7.3 Sample size -- second-stage units: For Schedule 25.0, 10 households were planned to be surveyed in each selected FSU. In the Central sample, the actual numbers of households surveyed in the rural and urban areas were 47,302 and 26,566, respectively.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys quinquennially on consumer expenditure and employment - unemployment. The 50th round (July 1993 - June 1994) was the Fifth quinquennial survey on Consumer Expenditure and Employment - Unemployment. The previous four quinquennial surveys were the 27th (Oct. 1972 - Sept. 1973), the 32nd (Jul.1977 - Jun. 1978), the 38th ( Jan. - Dec. 1983) and 43rd (Jul. 1987 - Jun. 1988) rounds. In other rounds of NSS, also, a consumer expenditure inquiry on a limited scale was being carried out from the 42nd round (1986-87) onwards. From the 45th round onwards the subject coverage of this schedule has been expanded to include some important questions on employment so that an annual series of consumer expenditure and employment data is now available. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. The imputed rent of owner-occupied houses is excluded from consumption expenditure. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. The household consumer expenditure schedule used for the survey collected information on quantity and value of household consumption with a reference period of "last 30 days" for some items of consumption and "last 365 days" for some less frequently purchased items. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification was, as usual, adopted to collect information, including 148 items of food, 13 items of fuel, 28 items of clothing, bedding and footwear, 18 items of educational and medical expenses, 52 items of durable goods, and about 85 other items. The schedule also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member.

The schedule design for the survey was more or less similar to that adopted in the previous quinquennial round. The field work for the survey was conducted, as usual, by the Field Operations Division of the Organisation. The collected data were processed by the Data Processing Division of NSSO and tabulated by the Computer Centre of Department of Statistics. The reports have been prepared by Survey Design & Research Division (SDRD) of NSSO under the guidance of the Governing Council, NSSO.

Geographic coverage

The survey period of the 50th round was from July 1993 to June 1994. The geographical coverage of the survey was to be the whole of the Indian Union except Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, 768 interior villages of Nagaland and 172 villages in Andaman & Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. However, certain districts of Jammu & Kashmir viz., Doda, Anantnag, Pulwama, Srinagar, Badgam, Baramula and Kupwara, and Punjab's Amritsar district, had to be excluded from the survey due to unfavourable field conditions.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample design adopted for this round of survey was similar to that followed in the past surveys in its general aspects. The general scheme was a two stage stratified design with the first stage units being villages in the rural areas and urban frame survey blocks (UFS) in the urban areas. The second stage units were the households.

Sampling frame for first stage units: The latest available lists of census villages (which are mostly the 1981 census lists) constitute the sampling frame for the rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5kms of a bus route constitute the sampling frame whereas, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of accessible villages constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the lists of NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame. However, for some of the newly declared towns of 1991 census for which UFS frame has not been received, the lists of 1991 census EBs have been considered as the sampling frame.

Region formation and stratification: States were divided into regions by grouping contiguous districts similar in respect of population density and cropping pattern. In rural sector each district was treated a separate stratum if the population was below 2 million and where it exceeded 2 million, it was split into two or more strata. This cut off point of population was taken as 1.8 million ( in place of 2 million ) for the purpose of stratification for districts for which the 1981 census frame was used. In the urban sector, strata were formed, within each NSS region on the basis of population size class of towns. However, for towns with population of 4 lakhs or more the urban blocks were divided into two classes viz. one consisting of blocks inhabited by affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks.

Selection of first stage units : Selection of sample villages was done circular systematically with probability proportional to population and sample blocks circular systematically with equal probability. Both the sample villages and the sample blocks were selected in the form of two or more independent sub-samples. In Arunachal Pradesh the procedure of cluster sampling has been followed. Further large villages/blocks having present population of 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of hamlet- groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet- groups were selected from the larger villages while one sub-block was selected in urban sector for larger blocks.

Selection of households : While listing the households in the selected villages, certain relatively affluent households were identified and considered as second stage stratum 1 and the rest as second stage stratum 2.

A total of 10 households were surveyed from the selected village/hamlet-groups, 2 from the first category and remaining from the second.Further in the second stage stratum-2, the households were arranged according to the means of livelihood. The means of livelihood were identified on the basis of the major source of income as i) self-employed in non-agriculture, ii) rural labour and iii) others. The land possessed by the households was also ascertained and the frame for selection was arranged on the basis of this information. The households were selected circular systematically from both the second stage strata.

In the urban blocks a different method was used for arranging the households for selection. This involved the identification means of livelihood of households as any one of a) self-employed, b) regular salaried/wage earnings, c) casual labour, d) others. Further the average household monthly per capita consumer expenditure (mpce) was also ascertained. All households with MPCE of (i) Rs. 1200/- or more (in towns with population less than 10 lakhs or (ii) Rs. 1500/- or more (in towns with population 10 lakh or more) formed second-stage stratum 1 and the rest, second-stage stratum 2.The households of second-stage stratum 2 were arranged according to means of livelihood class and MPCE ranges before selection of sample households. A total of 10 households were selected from each sample block as follows (i) For affluent strata/classes : 4 households from second- stage stratum 1 and 6 households from second-stage stratum 2 (ii) For other strata/classes : 2 households from second-stage stratum 1 and 8 from second-stage stratum 2. Households were then selected circular systematically with a random start.

Shortfall in the required number of household in any second-stage stratum was made up by increasing the quota for the other second stage stratum.

A total of 7284 sample villages (Rural) and 4792 sample blocks (Urban) were allotted in central sample. 6983 sample villages and 470 sample blocks were successfully surveyed covering 356351 persons in sample villages and 208389 persons in sample blocks.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in its 52nd round (July’95 – June’96) carried out a nation wide survey on social consumption to ascertain the extent of utilisation of facilities in the field of Education and Health.

The four main topics covered in the 52nd round are: (i) Utilisation of maternity and child health care services (ii) Morbidity and utilisation of medical services (iii) Problems of aged persons (iv) Participation in education The survey on morbidity was conducted for the first time in the 7th round (Oct. 1953 - March 1954). A full-scale survey on morbidity was conducted in the 28th round (Oct. 1973 - June 1974). The NSSO carried out the first all- India Survey on Social Consumption in its 35th round (July 1980 - June 1981).The second survey on Social Consumption was carried out in the 42nd round (July 1986 - June 1987) , topics of Problems of Aged Persons were included in this round. The third Survey on Social Consumption, was carried out in the 52nd round (July 1995 - June 1996).

Geographic coverage

The entire area of the country, was covered with the exception of some interior areas of (i) Nagaland and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (ii) Ladakh, Kargil and (iv) Dodha districts of Jammu & Kashmir.

Analysis unit

Households and household members.

Universe

Households, household members, Children ( 0-4 years ), all women of age below 50 years who were pregnant during last 365 days in the household, all mothers of children born during last 365 days in the household, all persons aged 6o years and above in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Outline of sample design

A stratified two-stage sample design was adopted for the 52nd round .The first-stage units were the census villages for the rural areas (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks for the urban areas. The second-stage units were the households in both cases.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units

The lists of census villages of the1991 census (1981 census list for Jammu & Kashmir) constituted the sampling frame for the rural areas ( panchayat wards for kerela / villages within 5kms of bus route for nagaland / list of accesible villages for andamand and nicobar islands ). For the urban areas, the list of NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks was used as the sampling frame.

Stratification

Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata was formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. In all, there were 78 regions covering the entire geographical area of the country.

Sub-stratification

Rural sector

In the rural areas, each district within a region was treated as a separate stratum. However, if the 1991 census population of the district was found to be greater than or equal to 2 million (1.8 million population as per 1981 census for Jammu & Kashmir), the district was split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata.

Urban sector

In the urban areas, strata were formed, within each NSS region, by grouping towns on the basis of the population of towns. All towns with population less than 50,000 formed the first stratum, all towns with population 50,000 -1,99,999 formed 2nd stratum, all towns with population 200,000 -9,99,999 formed 3rd stratum and each city with population 10,00,000 or above formed rest of the starta and so on.

Total sample size (FSUs)

16,480 villages were planned to survey in this round. Of these, 7888 were allocated to the Central sample and the rest to the State sample . In the urban sector, the allocations for the Central and State samples were respectively, 5112 and 6320 blocks. The number of villages and that of urban blocks actually surveyed as the Central sample were 7,663 and 4,991 respectively.

Total sample size(SSUs)

10 households were planned to survey in each selected FSU. In the Central sample, the actual numbers of households surveyed in the rural and urban areas were 71,284 and 49,658, respectively.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors

The sample size of FSUs (rural & urban combined) for the Central sample for a State/U.T. was allocated to its rural and urban areas considering the relative sizes of the rural and urban population with double weightage to the urban areas. The State level rural sample size was allocated to the rural strata in proportion to their rural population figures as per the census and urban sample size of the State/U.T. was allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population figures as per the census. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiples of 8.

Allocation to strata

Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size was allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level was adjusted to a multiple of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4.

Selection of FSUs

The sample FSUs in the rural and urban areas were selected circular systematically with equal probability in the form of two independent sub samples (cluster sampling for rural areas of arunachal pradesh).

Selection of SSUs

In each of the selected FSUs, three different enquiries, viz. "Survey on Health Care", "Survey on Participation in Education" and "Survey on Consumer Expenditure", were conducted on three independent samples of households. For the present enquiry, i.e. the survey on "HealthCare", a sample of 10 households was selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households were first grouped into two second-stage strata.

Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks

A large FSU was divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks having approximately equal population content.Two hamlet-groups were selected from each large FSU in the rural areas and only one sub-block was selected from each large FSU of the urban areas.

Selection of households (second-stage units)

From each selected FSU (or the selected hamlet-group/sub-block of the FSU for large FSUs), a sample of 4 households for schedule 1.0, 10 households for schedule 25.0 and 6 households for schedule 25.2 were selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households were first grouped into second-stage strata for sch. 25.0 and 25.2 .

For any schedule type (i. e 25.0 or 25. 2), if there was a shortfall in the required number of households in the frame of any particular second-stage stratum, the quota for the other second-stage stratum/strata had to be increased within the same schedule type so that the required total number of households ( i.e 10 for schedule 25.0 and 6 for schedule 25.2 ) was selected for the particular schedule type from the FSU (or hamlet-groups/sub-block for large FSUs ) for detailed enquiry. After determining the number of households to be finally selected from different second-stage, the required number of sample households for schedules 25.0 & 25.2 were selected independently from each second-stage stratum by circular systematic sampling with a random start.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The National Sample Survey (NSS) is a collection of micro data with information on: - Employment & unemployment - Household consumer expenditure - Housing condition survey - Domestic tourism - Unorganized service sector - Agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises - And more The NSS is one of the oldest household surveys in the world and has been collected since 1950. More than 79 rounds of data have been collected by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation so far.

Documentation

Please visit the NSS data portal and the data catalogue of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation of the Government of India.

Methodology

Surveys have been collected in rural and urban areas in India and can be considered nationally and subnationally representative. With increasing demand for disaggregated information NSS rounds became either "thick" rounds (quinquennial) on a larger sample of households and "thin" rounds in between those five years surveying about 35-40% of the "thick" sample. Topics are also rotated so that certain modules are only available in particular rounds. Over time the data collection procedures have varied and thus make cross-survey comparability limited, especially around the 55th round.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Yes - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: No

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Households: One of more individuals who normally reside together under the same roof and take food in the same kitchen, including temporary stay aways and excluding temporary visitors.

Universe

Not specified

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: National Sample Survey Organization, Government of India

SAMPLE DESIGN: Drawn by the NSSO, details not specified

SAMPLE UNIT: Household

SAMPLE FRACTION: .09%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 623,494

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A single form that consists of 10 sections: 1) identification of sample household, 2) household characteristics, 3) demographic and current activity particulars during the preceding week, 4) demographic characteristics of migrants and their usual activity at the time of migration, 5) current activity of people in the labor force, 6) usual activity, 7) usual subsidiary gainful activity of persons who did not work, but not because of being old or disabled, 8) follow-up questions for persons whose principal activities were working, 9) persons who usually attended domestic duties, and 10) household indebtedness.

Abstract

Household consumer expenditure (HCE) during a specified period, called the reference period, may be defined as the total of the following: (a) expenditure incurred by households on consumption goods and services during the reference period (b) imputed value of goods and services produced as outputs of household (proprietary or partnership) enterprises owned by households and used by their members themselves during the reference period (c) imputed value of goods and services received by households as remuneration in kind during the reference period (d) imputed value of goods and services received by households through social transfers in kind received from government units or non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and used by households during the reference period.

Reference period and schedule type: The reference period is the period of time to which the information collected relates. In NSS surveys, the reference period often varies from item to item. Data collected with different reference periods are known to exhibit certain systematic differences. In this round, two schedule types have been drawn up to study these differences in detail. Sample households will be divided into two sets - Schedule Type 1 will be canvassed in one set and Schedule Type 2 in the other. The reference periods to be used for different groups of consumption items are given below, separately for each schedule type.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

For Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir there is no separate sample first-stage units (FSUs) for "central sample". For these two districts, sample FSUs drawn as "state sample" will also be treated as central sample. The state directorate of economics and statistics (DES) will provide a copy of the filled-in schedules to Data Processing Division of NSSO for processing.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 66th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. In addition, two non-UFS towns of Leh and Kargil of Jammu & Kashmir are also treated as FSUs in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term "village" would mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks is considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, frame consists of the individual towns (only two towns, viz., Leh & Kargil constitute this frame).

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, wherever there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification: There is no sub-stratification in the urban sector. However, to net adequate number of child workers, for all rural strata, each stratum has been divided into 2 sub-strata as follows: sub-stratum 1: all villages with proportion of child workers (p) >2P (where P is the average proportion of child workers for the sate/ UT as per Census 2001) sub-stratum 2: remaining villages

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs for central sample and 15132 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level. Further, data of 24 state sample FSUs of Leh and Kargil districts of J & K surveyed by DES, J & K will be included in the central sample

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size is allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (to the extent possible) is allocated to each state/ UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further the State level allocations for both rural and urban have been adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum/ sub-stratum gets a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Allocation to strata/ sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size is allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum/ sub-stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4 and equal number of samples has been allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For urban sector, from each stratum FSUs have been selected by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples have been drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

More information on sampling and estimation procedure is available in the document " Note on Sample Design and Estimation Procedure of NSS 66th Round". including information on: - Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - Listing of households - Formation of second stage strata and allocation of households - Selection of households - Estimation Procedure

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 1.0 consists of several blocks to obtain detailed information on the consumption expenditure and other particulars of the sample household.

It has been decided that two types of Schedule 1.0 viz. Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2 will be canvassed in this round. Schedule Type 1 is similar to Schedule 1.0 of NSS 61st round. Schedule Type 2 has different reference period (7 days) for some items of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants as compared to 30 days' reference period for these items in Schedule Type 1.

Schedule Type 1 uses the same reference period system as used in the 61st and 50th round consumer expenditure surveys (where there was only one schedule type). Schedule Type 1 requires that for certain items (Group I items), the same household should report data for two reference periods - "Last 30 days" and "Last 365 days".

Schedule Type 2 has the same reference periods as Schedule Type 2 (Sch.1.0) of NSS 60th round. For Group I items, the reference period used in Schedule Type 2 is "Last 365 days".

As in the 60th round, items of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants (Food-plus category) are split into 2 blocks instead of being placed in a single block. - The first block (Block 5.1) consists of the item groups cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, sugar and salt (the "F1" category). This block has a reference period of 30 days in both Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2. - Block 5.2 consists of the other items of food, along with pan, tobacco and intoxicants (the item category "F2+"). This block is assigned a reference period of "Last 30 days" in Schedule Type 1 and a reference period of "Last 7 days" in Schedule Type 2.

Thus Schedule Type 1, like Schedule 1.0 of NSS 61st round, uses the "Last 30 days" reference period for all items of food, and for pan, tobacco and intoxicants.

Schedule 1.0 consists of several blocks to obtain detailed information on the consumption expenditure and other particulars of the sample household.

WHAT IS NEW IN THE SCHEDULE (compared to the 61st/64th round)

• There are two schedule types. Schedule Type 1 is similar to the 61st round schedule. It uses, for some blocks, a double reference period - "last 30 days" and "last 365 days". Schedule Type 2 uses different reference periods of 7, 30 and 365 days for different items. For any particular block, it uses only one reference period.
• Unlike the 61st round schedule (Block 3), there is no question on possession of ration card or on ration card type.
• Unlike the 61st round (Block 3), there is no question on food assistance schemes of the Government from which the household has benefited.
• Block 3 will have a question on use of the internet by household members during the last 30 days.
• In both schedule types, the food-plus item category (food, pan, tobacco & intoxicants) has been split into 2 blocks: Block 5.1 and Block 5.2. For Block 5.1 (cereals, pulses, milk & milk products, sugar and salt), both schedule types use a 30-day reference period. For the remaining food groups, and for pan, tobacco and

Abstract

The Employment and Unemployment surveys of National sample Survey (NSS) are primary sources of data on various indicators of labour force at National and State levels. These are used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical exercises by various Government organizations, academicians, researchers and scholars. NSS surveys on employment and un-employment with large sample size of households have been conducted quinquennially from 27th. round(October'1972 - September'1973) onwards. Cotinuing in this series the fourth such all-india survey on the situation of employment and unemployment in India was carried out during the period july 1987 - june 1988 . The working Group set up for planning of the entire scheme of the survey, among other things, examined also in detail some of the key results generated from the 38th round data and recommended some stream-lining of the 38th round schedule for the use in the 43rd round. Further, it felt no need for changing the engaging the easting conceptual frame work. However, some additional items were recommended to be included in the schedule to obtain the necessary and relevant information for generating results to see the effects on participation rates in view of the ILO suggestions.5.0.1. The NSSO Governing Council approved the recommendations of the working Group and also the schedule of enquiry in its 44th meeting held on 16 January, 1987. In this survey, a nation-wide enquiry was conducted to provide estimates on various characteristics pertaining to employment and unemployment in India and some characteristics associated with them at the national and state levels. Information on various facets of employment and unemployment in India was collected through a schedule of enquiry (schedule 10).

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union excepting i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir ii) Rural areas of Nagaland

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

It may be mentioned here that in order to net more households of the upper income bracket in the Sample , significant changes have been made in the sample design in this round (compares to the design of the 38th round).

SAMPLE DESIGN AND SAMPLE SIZE The survey had a two-stage stratified design. The first stage units (f.s.u.'s) are villages in the rural sector and urban blocks in the urban sector. The second stage units are households in both the sectors. Sampling frame for f.s.u.'s : The lists of 1981 census villages constituted the sampling frame for rural sector in most districts. But the 1981 census frame could not be used for a few districts because, either the 1981 census was not held there or the list of 1981 census villages could not be obtained or the lists obtained from the census authorities were found to be grossly incomplete. In such cases 1971 census frame were used. In the urban sector , the Urban Frame Survey (U.F.S.) blocks constituted the sampling frame. STRATIFICATION : States were first divided into agro-economic regions which are groups of contiguous districts , similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however , some districts have been split for the purpose of region formation In consideration of the location of dry areas and the distribution of the tribal population in the state. The composition of the regions is given in the Appendix. RURAL SECTOR: In the rural sector, within each region, each district with 1981Census rural population less 1.8 million formed a single stratum. Districts with larger population were divided into two or more strata, depending on population, by grouping contiguous tehsils similar, as for as possible, in respect of rural population Density and crop pattern. (In Gujarat, however , in the case of districts extending over more than one region, even if the rural population was less than 1.8 million, the portion of a district falling in each region constituted a separate stratum. Further ,in Assam the old "basic strata" formed on the basis of 1971 census rural population exactly in the above manner, but with cut-off population as 1.5 million have been retained as the strata for rural sampling.)
URBAN SECTOR : In the urban sector , strata were formed , again within NSS region , on the basis of the population size class of towns . Each city with population 10 lakhs or more is self-representative , as in the earlier rounds . For the purpose of stratification, in towns with '81 census population 4 lakhs or more , the blocks have been divided into two categories , viz . : One consisting of blocks in areas inhabited by the relatively affluent section of the population and the other consisting of the remaining blocks. The strata within each region were constituted as follows :

Table (1.2)  : Composition of urban strata

Stratum population class of town

number

(1) (2)

1 all towns with population less than 50,000 2 -do- 50,000 - 199,999 3 -do- 200,000 - 399,999 4 -do- 400,000 - 999,999 ( affluent area) 5 (other area) 6 a single city with population 1 million and above (affluent area)
7 " (other area) 8 another city with population 1 million and above
9 " (other area)

Note : There is no region with more than one city with population 1 million and above. The stratum number have been retained as above even if in some regions some of the strata are empty. Allocation for first stage units : The total all-India sample size was allocated to the states /U.T.'s proportionate to the strength of central field staff. This was allocated to the rural and urban sectors considering the relative size of the rural and urban population. Now the rural samples were allocated to the rural strata in proportion to rural population. The urban samples were allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population with double weight age given to those strata of towns with population 4 lakhs or more which lie in area inhabited by the relatively affluent section. All allocations have been adjusted such that the sample size for stratum was at least a multiple of 4 (preferably multiple of 8) and the total sample size of a region is a multiple of 8 for the rural and urban sectors separately.
Selection of f.s.u.'s : The sample villages have been selected circular systematically with probability proportional to population in the form of two independent interpenetrating sub-samples (IPNS) . The sample blocks have been selected circular systematically with equal probability , also in the form of two IPNS' s. As regards the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh, the procedure of 'cluster sampling' was:- The field staff will be supplied with a list of the nucleus villages of each cluster and they selected the remaining villages of the cluster according to the procedure described in Section Two. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two IPNS 's. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Hamlet-group and sub-blocks : Large villages and blocks were sub- divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups and sub-blocks respectively having equal population convent and one them was selected at random for surveys. Selection of households : rural : In order to have adequate number of sample households from the affluent section of the society, some new procedures were introduced for selection of sample households, both in the rural and urban sectors. In the rural sector , while listing households, the investigator identified the households in village/ selected hamlet- group which may be considered to be relatively more affluent than the rest. This was done largely on the basis of his own judgment but while exercising his judgment considered factors generally associated with rich people in the localitysuch as : living in large pucca house in well-maintained state, ownership/possession of cultivated/irrigated land in excess of certain norms. ( e.g.20 acres of cultivated land or 10 acres of irrigated land), ownership of motor vehicles and costly consumer durables like T.V. , VCR, VCP AND refrigerator, ownership of large business establishment , etc. Now these "rich" households will form sub-stratum 1. (If the total number of households listed is 80 or more , 10 relatively most affluent households will form sub-stratum 1. If it is below 80, 8 such households will form sub-stratum 1. The remaining households will 'constitute sub-stratum 2. At the time of listing, information relating to each household' s major sources of income will be

Abstract

Millions of farmers in India have made significant contributions in providing food and nutrition to the entire nation, while also providing livelihoods to millions of people in the country. During the past five decades of planned economic development, India has moved from food-shortage and imports to self-sufficiency and exports. Food security and well being of the farmer appears to be major areas of concern of the planners and policy makers of Indian agriculture. In order to have a comprehensive picture of the farming community at the commencement of the third millennium, and to analyze the impact of the transformation induced by public policy, investments and technological change on the farmers' access to resources and income, as well as well-being; the Ministry of Agriculture decided to collect information on Indian farmers through a Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) and entrusted the job of conducting the survey to the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO).

The SAS 2003 is the first of its kind to be conducted by NSSO. Though information on a majority of items to be collected through SAS have been collected in some round or other of NSS, an integrated schedule - Schedule 33, covering some basic characteristics of farming households and their access to basic and modern farming resources was canvassed for the first time in SAS. Moreover, information on consumption of various goods and services in an abridged form were also collected to have an idea about the pattern of consumption expenditure of the farming households.

Schedule 33 was designed for collecting information on aspects relating to farming and other socio-economic characteristics of farming households. The information was collected in two visits to the same set of sample households. The first visit was made during January to August 2003 and the second, during September to December 2003. The survey was conducted in rural areas only. It was canvassed in the Central Sample except for the States of Maharashtra and Meghalaya where it was canvassed in both State and Central samples.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified multi-stage sampling design was adopted for the SAS 2003, 59th round. The First Stage Unit (FSU), also known as the primary sampling unit, was the census village in the rural sector and UFS block in the urban sector. The Ultimate Stage Units (USUs) were households in both sectors. Hamlet-group / sub-block constitute the intermediate stage, if these are formed in the selected area.

The list of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) based on the Population Census of 1991 constituted the sampling frame for FSUs in rural areas, while the latest UFS frame was the sampling frame used for urban areas. For stratification of towns by size class, provisional population of towns as per Census 2001 was used. A detailed description of the sampling strrategy can be found in the estimation procedure document attached in the documentation/external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Abstract

Introduction: This is the 52nd round of NSS conducted from 1.7.1995 to 30.6.1996 . The National Sample Survey (NSS), set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods.The third survey on social consumption. Two topics, viz. utilisation of the public distribution system and utilisation of family planning services, were dropped as these were covered in the NSS 50th round and by a nationwide survey by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, respectively.

Subject Coverage:

The four main topics covered in the 52nd round are:

(i) Utilisation of maternity and child health care services (ii) Morbidity and utilisation of medical services (iii) Problems of aged persons (iv) Participation in education

In addition, the topics of household consumer expenditure and employment unemployment were covered as is usual with every round.

Geographical coverage:

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Period of survey and work programme:

The period of survey is from 1.7.1995 to 30.6.1996.

The survey period is divided into four sub-rounds of three months' duration each as follows:

sub-round 1 : July - September 1995
sub-round 2 : October - December 1995 sub-round 3 : January - March 1996
sub-round 4 : April - June 1996

In each of these four sub-rounds equal number of sample villages/ blocks (FSUs) was covered to ensuring uniform spread of sample FSUs over the entire survey period.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir (for central sample), (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Households and household members.

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

General:

A stratified two-stage design was adopted in this round. The first-stage units were the census villages for the rural areas (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks for the urban areas. The second stage units were the households in both the cases.

Sampling Frame for First-Stage Units (FSUs):

The list of census villages of the 1991 census (1981 census list for Jammu & Kashmir) constituted the sampling frame for the rural areas. For Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards was used as the sampling frame for the selection of first stage units in the rural areas. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 km of a bus route constituted the sampling frame, whereas for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of 'accessible' villages formed the sampling frame. For the urban areas, the list of NSSO Urban Frame Survey(UFS) blocks has been used as the sampling frame.

Stratification:

For the socio-economic surveys of the NSSO, each state or union territory (u.t.) is divided into one or more agro-climatic regions by grouping contiguous districts which are similar with respect to population density and crop pattern. In Gujarat, however, some districts are subdivided for the purpose of region formation on the basis of location of dry areas and the distribution of tribal population in the state. In all, there are 78 regions covering the entire geographical area of the country.

Stratification for Rural areas:

In the rural areas, each district within a region was treated as a separate stratum. However, if the 1991 census population of the district was found to be greater than or equal to 2 million (1.8 million population as per 1981 census for Jammu & Kashmir), the district was split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. In Gujarat, in the case of districts extending over more than one NSS region, the part of a district falling within each NSS region formed a separate stratum.

Stratification for Urban areas :

In the urban areas, strata were formed, within each NSS region, by grouping towns on the basis of the population of towns. The urban strata were formed as shown in Table.

Table: Composition of urban strata in an NSS region

Stratum No. Population size class (as per 1991 census) of towns

1 all towns with population less than 50,000 2 all towns with population 50,000 - 1, 99,999 3 all towns with population 2, 00,000 - 9, 99,999 4, 5... each city with population 10,00,000 or more

Allocation of First Stage Units (FSUs):

A sample of 13,000 FSUs (rural & urban combined) was selected as the 'central sample' at the all-India level. The sample size of FSUs (rural & urban combined) for the central sample for a state/u.t. was allocated to its rural and urban areas considering the relative sizes of the rural and urban population with double weightage to the urban areas. The state level rural sample size was allocated to the rural strata in proportion to their rural population figures as per the census. Similarly, urban sample size of the state/u.t. was allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population figures as per the census. All the stratum-level allocations were adjusted to multiples of 8 as far as possible (otherwise to multiples of 4) in order to allocate them equally in each sub-sample x sub-round combination (2 sub-samples x 4 sub-rounds).

Selection of First-Stage Units:

The sample FSUs in the rural areas were selected circular systematically with equal probability. In the Union Territory of Daman & Diu, the district Diu consists of only two villages. These two were selected for the survey in both the central and the state sample. Sample blocks in the urban areas were also selected circular systematically with equal probability. Sample FSUs of both the rural and urban areas were selected in the form of two independent sub-samples. The only departure from the general procedure of selection of FSUs was made for the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh for which the procedure of cluster sampling was followed. The nucleus villages were selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two independent sub-samples. A cluster, generally of 4 to 6 villages, was formed around each nucleus village.

Selection of Hamlet-Groups/ Sub-Blocks (for 'large' FSUs only):

A large FSU was divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet-groups were selected from each large FSU in the rural areas and only one sub-block was selected from each large FSU of the urban areas.

Selection of Households (Second-Stage Units):

In each of the selected FSUs, three different enquiries, viz. "Survey on Health Care", "Survey on Participation in Education" and "Survey on Consumer Expenditure", were conducted on three independent samples of the households. For the present enquiry, i.e. survey on education, a sample of 6 households was selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households were first grouped into two second-stage strata. The composition of the second-stage strata and the number of sample households selected from each of them are shown in following table.

Table: Second-stage stratum composition and number of households selected

No.   Second-stage stratum Composition selected    Number of households

1  households with at least one member of age group 5-24          3
  years and studying in post-primary level
2  remaining households                                  3

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the present round, Schedule 25.2 on participation and expenditure in education consists of following 7 blocks which comprised of questions on:

BLOCK 1 - IDENTIFICATION OF SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD: Sample(Central, State), Sector(Rural, Urban), FOD sub region, found number, schedule number, state region, stratum number, district code, sub sample, sub round, serial number of sample village/block, hamlet group/sub block number, second stage stratum number, sample household number, serial number of informant, response code, reason for substitution of original household.

BLOCK 2 - HOUSEHOLD PARTICULARS size, social group, expenditure on members staying away from home, average monthly expenditure, monthly per capita consumption expenditure, distance to nearest primary school

BLOCK 3 - DEMOGRAPHIC PARTICULARS OF PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLD serial number, name, relation to head, sex, age, literate, education level, status of current attendance, current enrolment status.

BLOCK 4 - EDUCATION PARTICULRS FOR CURRENTLY ATTENDING AT PRIMARY & POST PRIMARY Serial number, age at entry in school, no of courses attended, type of current education, level of current attendance, present class / grade / year of study, type of institution, nature of institution, medium of instruction, type of course, is education free, whether tuition fee waived, annual amount waived, reason for waiver, received scholarship / stipend, annual amount of scholarship / stipend received with reason for receiving, received textbooks, received stationery, agency if any provided free mid-day meal / tiffin / nutrition, distance of institution from place of residence, mode of transport, whether concession received in case of public

Abstract

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India will be conducting Annual Survey on Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2022-23 during October 2022 to September 2023.

This survey will be devoted exclusively to economic and operational characteristics of unincorporated non-agricultural establishments in manufacturing, trade and other services sector. The unit of enquiry of the ASUSE will be an ‘establishment’.

Unincorporated sector is an integral part of Indian econ my, which not only comprises of large number of establishments but also generates large number ofemployment in this sector. Besides, its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country is also significant. Unincorporated sector has tremendous potential to grow higher.

The ASUSE 2022-23, which will be launched in October 2022 andcontinue till September 2023, will cover all unincorporated non-agricultural establishments belonging to three sectors viz., Manufacturing, Trade and Other Services.

(i) The survey will cover the following broad categories: (a) Manufacturing establishments excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 (b) Manufacturing establishments registered under Section 85 of Factories Act, 1948 (c) Establishments engaged in cotton ginning, cleaning and bailing (code 01632 of NIC-2008) excluding those registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act,1948 (d) Establishments manufacturing Bidi and Cigar excluding those registered under bidi and cigar workers (conditions of employment) Act, 1966 (e) Non-captive electric power generation, transmission and distribution by units not registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) (f) Trading establishments (g) Other Service sector establishments

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the rural and urban areas of whole of India (except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access). The definitions of urban and rural areas as per census 2011 are given below:

Urban: Constituents of urban area are Statutory Towns, Census Towns and Outgrowths.

Statutory Town (ST): All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified towns area committee, etc.

Census Town (CT): Places that satisfy the following criteria are termed as Census Towns (CTs). a. A minimum population of 5000 b. At least 75% of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits c. A density of population of at least 400 per sq.km.

Out Growth (OG): Out Growth should be a viable unit such as a village or part of a village contiguous to a statutory town and possess the urban features in terms of infrastructure and amenities such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage system, education institutions, post offices, medical facilities, banks, etc. Examples of OGs are Railway colonies, University campuses, Port areas, that may come up near a CT or statutory towns outside its statutory limits but within the revenue limit of a village or villages contiguous to the town or city.

Urban Agglomeration (UA): It is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physically contiguous towns together and any adjoining urban out-growth of such towns. Rural: All area other than urban are rural. The basic unit for rural area is the revenue village.

Sampling procedure

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sampling design will be adopted for ASUSE.

Rural sector: The first stage units (FSU) will be the census villages in the rural sector. For rural part of Kerala, Panchayat wards (PW) will be taken as FSUs.

Urban sector: The First Stage Units (FSU) will be the latest updated UFS (Urban Frame Survey) blocks.

The Ultimate Stage Units (USU) will be establishments for both the sectors. In the case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling will be the selection of three hamlet-groups (HGs)/sub-blocks (SBs) from each of the large FSUs.

Sampling frame to be used for selection of FSUs

Census 2011 list of villages will be used as the sampling frame for rural areas. Auxiliary information such as number of workers, etc. available from Sixth Economic Census (EC) frame will be used for stratification, sub-stratification and selection of FSUs, for rural areas (except Kerala). In rural areas of Kerala, list of Panchayat Wards (PW) as per Census 2011 will be used as sampling frame. For all urban areas, the latest updated list of UFS blocks will be the sampling frame.

Stratification of FSUs:

Rural sector: Each NSS State region will constitute a rural stratum.

Urban sector: In urban areas, strata will be formed within each NSS State region on the basis of population of towns as per Census 2011. The tentative stratum numbers and their composition (within each NSS State region) will be as follows:

stratum 1 : all towns with population less than 50,000 stratum 2 : all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 3 lakhs stratum 3 : all towns with population 3 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs stratum 4, 5, 6, ... : each city with population 10 lakhs or more

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys on consumer expenditure. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification is adopted to collect information, including items of food, items of fuel, items of clothing, bedding and footwear, items of educational and medical expenses, items of durable goods and other items. The schedule has also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member. The schedule design for the survey is more or less similar to that adopted in the previous rounds. The household consumer expenditure schedule used for the survey collected information on quantity and value of household consumption with a reference period of "last 7 days and 30 days" for some frequent items of consumption and "last 365 days" for some less frequently purchased items.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of Indian Union except: (i) Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland (consistind of 71.2 % of total number of villages ) situated beyond 5 kms. of a bus route and (iii)35.5% villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands which are inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

As usual, a stratified two-stage design is adopted for the current round. The first-stage units are census villages in the rural sector (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO urban frame survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The second-stage units are households in both the sectors.

SAMPLING FRAME FOR FIRST STAGE UNITS : The lists of census villages of 1991 census (1981 census list for J & K ) constitute the sampling frame for the rural sector. For Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards has been used as the sampling frame for selection of panchayat wards in the rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constitute the sampling frame whereas, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of 'accessible' villages constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the lists of NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame.

STRATIFICATION RURAL : In the rural sector, each district is treated as a separate stratum. However, if the 1991 census population of the district is greater than or equal to 2 million (1.8 million population as per 1981 census for J & K) , the districts is split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous thesis to form strata. In Gujarat, in the case of districts extending over more than one NSS region, the part of a district falling within each NSS region forms a separate stratum.

URBAN : In the urban sector, strata are formed, within each NSS region, by grouping towns on the basis of the population size class of towns.

ALLOCATION OF FIRST-STAGE UNITS (FSUs) : It is decided to select a total sample of 13,000 FSUs (rural & urban combined ) for the 'central sample' at all-India level. The total sample size of FSUs (rural & urban combined) for the central sample for a state/ u.t. has been allocated to its rural and urban sectors considering the relative sizes of the rural and urban population with double weightage to the urban sector. Sate-level rural /urban allocations are adjusted to multiples of 8 . The state-level rural sample size is allocated to the rural strata in proportion to their rural population figures as per the census. Similarly urban sample size of the state/u.t. is allocated to the urban strata in proportion to urban population figures as per the census. All the stratum-level allocations are adjusted to multiples of 8 as far as possible )otherwise multiples of 4). Allocations have been them equally in each sub-sample x sub-round combination (2 sub-samples x 4 sub-rounds).

SELECTION OF FIRST-STAGE UNITS: Sample FSUs in the rural sector have been selected circular systematically with equal probability . In the u.t. of Goa, Daman & Diu, the district Diu consists of only two villages . Both the villages of the district have been selected for the purpose of the survey for each of central and state samples. Sample blocks in the urban sector have also been selected circular systematically with equal probability. Sample FSUs of both the rural and the urban sectors have been selected in the form of two independent sub-samples.

ARUNACHAL PRADESH : For the rural areas of Arunachal Pradesh, the procedure of cluster sampling has been followed . The field staff will be supplied with a list of nucleus villages and they will select the remaining villages of the cluster. The nucleus villages have been selected circular systematically with equal probability, in the form of two independent sub-samples.

SELECTION OF HAMLET-GROUPS/SUB-BLOCKS (FOR 'LARGE' FSUs ONLY ) : Large FSUs will be divided into a suitable number of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks having equal population content. Two hamlet-groups are to be selected from large FSUs in the rural sector whereas, only one sub-block is to be selected from large FSUs of the urban sector. The procedures of hamlet-group and sub-block formation/selection have been discussed in detail in Section Two. The two selected hamlet-groups in large FSUs of the rural sector will be considered together as one unit for combined listing and selection of households.

SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLDS (SECOND-STAGE UNITS) : From each selected FSU (or the selected hamlet-group/sub-block of the FSU for large FSUs), a sample of 4 households for schedule 1.0, 10 households for schedule 25.0 and 6 households for schedule 25.2 will be selected for the detailed enquiry. However, before selection, the listed households will be first grouped into second-stage strata for sch. 25.0 and 25.2 .

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The National Sample Survey (NSS), set up by the Government of India in 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods, will start its fifty-ninth round from 1st January 2003.

Fifty-ninth round of NSS is earmarked for collection of data on land and livestock holdings, debt and investment and situation assessment for Indian farmers besides that on household consumer expenditure and employment-unemployment. The field operations of the survey will commence on 1st January 2003 and will continue up to 31st December 2003.

Enquiries on land and livestock holdings (LHS) and all-India debt and investment (AIDIS) form the core of the fifty-ninth round programmes. Enquiry on land holdings was first taken up in the NSS 8th round (July '54 - April '55) as part of FAO programme of World Agricultural Census. It was repeated in the 16th and 17th rounds (July '60 - June '61 and September '61 - July '62). The next NSS survey on the subject was in the 26th round (July '71 - September '72). The All India Rural Credit Survey, the forerunner of the 'All India Debt and Investment' survey (AIDIS) was conducted by the RBI for the first time in the year 1951-52, with a view to obtaining information for formulating banking policies regarding rural credit. The survey on rural debt and investment was again conducted by the RBI in the year 1961-62 for obtaining reliable estimates of debt, borrowings, capital formation etc. The next survey on the subject was entrusted to the NSSO by the RBI and was integrated with the survey on land holdings conducted in NSS 26th round. In accordance with the 10-year programme charted by the NSSO, the enquiries on the topics were carried out again in the NSS 37th round (1982) and subsequently in NSS 48th round (1992). The present round is essentially a repetition of the NSS 48th round. However, some changes have been effected in the sample design and the formats of the survey schedules at the suggestion of the Working Group on the subject for obtaining reliable estimates of various characteristics. The situation assessment survey of Indian farmers (SAS) has been taken up for the first time and it will serve as a benchmark database on Indian farmers.

Data to be collected in this round will relate to the fixed period of the agricultural year July 2002 - June 2003. Hence the calendar year of 2003 has been considered to be the most desirable survey period for this enquiry. In order to reduce the recall error, the total information relating to each sample household will be collected in two visits. The first visit (January to August) will broadly cover the Kharif season of the agricultural year 2002 - 2003 and the second (September to December) the corresponding Rabi season.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (iii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 59th round survey. The first stage unit (FSU) is the census village in the rural sector and UFS block in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USUs) will be households in both the sectors. Hamlet-group / sub-block will constitute the intermediate stage if these are formed in the selected area.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For rural areas, the list of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) as per Population Census 1991 and for urban areas the latest UFS frame, will be used as sampling frame. For stratification of towns by size class, provisional population of towns as per Census 2001 will be used.

Stratification

Rural sector: Two special strata will be formed at the State/ UT level, viz.

• Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50 and
• Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000.

Special stratum 1 will be formed if at least 50 such FSU's are found in a State/UT. Similarly, special stratum 2 will be formed if at least 4 such FSUs are found in a State/UT. Otherwise, such FSUs will be merged with the general strata.

From FSUs other than those covered under special strata 1 & 2, general strata will be formed and its numbering will start from 3. Each district of a State/UT will be normally treated as a separate stratum. However, if the census rural population of the district is greater than or equal to 2 million as per population census 1991 or 2.5 million as per population census 2001, the district will be split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous tehsils to form strata. However, in Gujarat, some districts are not wholly included in an NSS region. In such cases, the part of the district falling in an NSS region will constitute a separate stratum.

Urban sector: In the urban sector, strata will be formed within each NSS region on the basis of size class of towns as per Population Census 2001. The stratum numbers and their composition (within each region) are given below. - stratum 1: all towns with population less than 50,000 - stratum 2: all towns with population 50,000 or more but less than 2 lakhs - stratum 3: all towns with population 2 lakhs or more but less than 10 lakhs - stratum 4, 5, 6, ...: each city with population 10 lakhs or more The stratum numbers will remain as above even if, in some regions, some of the strata are not formed.

Total sample size (FSUs): 10736 FSUs have been allocated at all-India level on the basis of investigator strength in different States/UTs for central sample and 11624 for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs is allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 subject to the availability of investigators ensuring more or less uniform work-load.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample is allocated between two sectors in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with 1.5 weightage to urban sector subject to the restriction that urban sample size for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. Earlier practice of giving double weightage to urban sector has been modified considering the fact that two main topics (sch. 18.1 and sch 33) are rural based and there has been considerable growth in urban population. More samples have been allocated to rural sector of Meghalaya state sample at the request of the DES, Meghalaya. The sample sizes by sector and State/UT are given in Table 1 at the end of this Chapter.

Allocation to strata: Within each sector of a State/UT, the respective sample size will be allocated to the different strata in proportion to the stratum population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level will be adjusted to a multiple of 2 with a minimum sample size of 2. However, attempt will be made to allocate a multiple of 4 FSUs to a stratum as far as possible. Selection of FSUs: FSUs will be selected with Probability Proportional to Size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per population census 1991 in all the strata for rural sector except for stratum 1. In stratum 1 of rural sector and in all the strata of urban sector, selection will be done using Simple Random Sampling without replacement (SRSWOR). Samples will be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples. Note: Detail sampling procedure is provided as external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The schedule 18.1 (Land and Livestock Holdings) consists of the following blocks:

Block 0- Descriptive identification of sample household: This block is meant for recording descriptive identification particulars of a sample household.

Block 1- Identification of sample household: The identification particulars of the sample household are to be recorded against items 1, 5 to 15.

Block 2- Particulars of field operation: The identity of the Investigator, Assistant Superintendent and Superintendent associated, date of survey/inspection/scrutiny of schedules, despatch, etc., will be recorded in this block against the appropriate items in the relevant columns.

Block 3- Household characteristics (only in visit 1): Characteristics which are mainly intended to be used to classify the households for tabulation will be recorded in this block. This block will be filled in visit 1 only.

Block 4- Demographic and other particulars of household members (only in visit 1): All members of the sample household will be listed in this block. Demographic particulars like relation to head, sex, age, marital status, general education and working status will be recorded for each member using one line for one member.

Block 5- Particulars of land of the household as on the date of survey: The information on particulars of land will be collected in this block. The land to be included in this block will cover all land which are owned, possessed on the date of survey and also the land which is not possessed on the date of survey but possessed during major part of a Rabi season or Kharif season of agricultural year 2002-03. It will include the land which is leased-out but not possessed anytime during the agricultural year 2002-03. Inclusion of a plot is independent of its use. As such, homestead land which has not been operated during the reference period will also be included in this block.

Block 6- Some general information of operational holdings for Kharif / Rabi: Some general

Abstract

Objective of the consumer expenditure survey (CES): Firstly, as an indicator of level of living, monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) is both simple and universally applicable. Average MPCE of any sub-population of the country (any region or population group) is a single number that summarises the level of living of that population. It is supplemented by the distribution of MPCE, which highlights the differences in level of living of the different parts of the population. More detailed analysis of the distribution of MPCE reveals the proportion and absolute numbers of the poor with respect to a given poverty line. A welfare state has to take note of these numbers in allocating its resources among sectors, regions, and socio-economic groups. The distribution of MPCE can also be used to measure the level of inequality, or the degree to which consumer expenditure is concentrated in a small proportion of households or persons, and this can be done without any predetermined poverty line or welfare norms.

If socialism was the ideal of the 1950's, the ideal of policy-makers during the last decade was "inclusive growth". Increasingly, inclusive growth is seen as the all-important target that we should aim at, at least for the immediate future. Not surprisingly, the NSS CES is being used by scholars as a searchlight focused on the country's development process that shows up just how inclusive the country's growth has been.

Since the data is collected not only on consumption level but also on the pattern of consumption, the CES has another important use. To work out consumer price indices (CPIs) which measure the general rise in consumer prices, one needs to know not only the price rise for each commodity group but also the budget shares of different commodity groups (used as weights). The budget shares as revealed by the NSS CES are being used for a long time to prepare what is called the weighing diagram for official compilation of CPIs. More extensive use of NSS CES data is planned to have a weighing diagram that uses a finer commodity classification, to prepare rural and urban CPIs separately for each State.

Apart from these major uses of the CES, the food (quantity) consumption data are used to study the level of nutrition of different regions, and disparities therein. Further, the budget shares of a commodity at different MPCE levels are used by economists and market researchers to determine the elasticity (responsiveness) of demand to income increases.

Two types of Schedule 1.0 viz. Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2 was canvassed in this round. Schedule Type 1 and Type 2 are similar to those of NSS 66th round.

Reference period and schedule type: The reference period is the period of time to which the information collected relates. In NSS surveys, the reference period often varies from item to item. Data collected with different reference periods are known to exhibit certain systematic differences. Strictly speaking, therefore, comparisons should be made only among estimates based on data collected with identical reference period systems. In the 68th round - as in the 66th round -two schedule types have been drawn up. The two schedule types differonly in respect of reference period. Sample households were divided into two sets: Schedule Type 1 was canvassed in one set and Schedule Type 2 in the other.

Schedule Type 1 uses the same reference period system as Schedule Type 1 of NSS 66th round. Schedule Type 1 requires that for certain items (Clothing, bedding, footwear, education, medical (institutional), durable goods), the same household should report data for two reference periods - 'Last 30 days' and 'Last 365 days'. Schedule Type 2 has the same reference periods as Schedule Type 2 of NSS 66th round. For Group I items (Clothing, bedding, footwear, education, medical (institutional), durable goods), the reference period used in Schedule Type 2 is 'Last 365 days'.

As in the 66th round, items of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants (Food-plus category) are split into 2 blocks - 5.1 and 5.2 - instead of being placed in a single block. • Block 5.1 consists of the item groups cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, sugar and salt. This block has a reference period of 30 days in both Schedule Type 1 and Schedule Type 2. • Block 5.2 consists of the other items of food, along with pan, tobacco and intoxicants. This block is assigned a reference period of 'Last 30 days' in Schedule Type 1 and a reference period of 'Last 7 days' in Schedule Type 2.

Thus Schedule Type 1, like Schedule 1.0 of NSS 66th round, uses the 'Last 30 days' reference period for all items of food, and for pan, tobacco and intoxicants.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample design

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term 'village' would include also Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification: Rural sector r: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed would be 'r/4'. The villages within a district as per frame were first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/4' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population. Urban sector: If 'u' be the sample size for an urban stratum, 'u/4' number of sub-strata have been formed. In case u/4 is more than 1, implying formation of 2 or more sub-strata, this is done by first arranging the towns in ascending order of total number of households in the town as per UFS phase 2007-12 and then arranging the IV units of each town and blocks within each IV unit in ascending order of their numbers. From this arranged frame of UFS blocks of all the towns/million plus city of a stratum, 'u/4' number of sub- strata formed in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of households as per UFS 2007-12.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs have been allocated for the central sample at all-India level and 14772 FSUs have been allocated for state sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs has allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size has been allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector. However, if such weighted allocation resulted in too high sample size for the urban sector, the allocation for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, etc. was restricted to that of the rural sector. A minimum of 16 FSUs (minimum 8 each for rural and urban sector separately) is allocated to each state/ UT.

Allocation to strata/ sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size has been allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4. Allocation for each sub-stratum is 4. Equal number of samples has been allocated among the four sub-rounds.

Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For the urban sector, UFS 2007-12 phase has been used for all towns and cities and FSUs have been selected from each stratum/sub-stratum by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples are to be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples and equal number of samples have been allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - important steps

Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is first determined whether listing is to be done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it has to be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural

Abstract

The study on common property resources conducted in the 54th round of NSSO is the first nationwide survey on the subject. The state and national level estimates on the size, utilization and contribution of CPRs that the survey is expected to generate will help for building up the much needed database. In this survey, the study on CPR has been conducted for obtaining information on availability of CPRs and their utilization. Broadly speaking, information on 'availability' has been collected in the Village Schedule 3.3 and that on 'utilization' in blocks 8 to 12 of Schedule 31. The information collected in the village schedule pertained to the entire area of the sample village. This practice has been followed even when hamlets groups are formed for the household survey. Common Property Resources (CPRs) are resources accessible to and collectively owned/held/managed by an identifiable community and to which no individual has exclusive property rights.

The importance of common property resources (CPRs) and their management have been acknowledged by policy makers and researchers. In recent years, official policies and schemes have been initiated for promoting peoples' participation in management of these resources. A number of studies have been undertaken by scholars to assess the size, contribution and nature of these resources and the institutional arrangements for their management. But these are mostly of the nature of case studies and do not provide comprehensive estimates either at the national or state level. The study on common property resources conducted in the 54th round of NSSO is the first nationwide survey on the subject. The state and national level estimates on the size, utilization and contribution of CPRs that the survey is expected to generate will help for building up the much needed database.

Common Property Resources (CPRs) are resources accessible to and collectively owned/held/managed by an identifiable community and to which no individual has exclusive property rights. Terms like "accessible", "collectively owned/held/managed", "identifiable community" and "exclusive property rights" are briefly explained below:

Accessible: Accessibility to a resource is determined either by legal status or by convention. If the community has a legal right of ownership or possession on the resource, it is clearly accessible to the community. Besides such legal rights, customarily accepted user rights on the resource will also be treated as "accessible" to the community.

Collectively owned/held/managed: "Collectively owned or held" presumes a legal status. Thus, a resource collectively owned or formally (by legal sanction or official assignment) held by a community would decidedly be a common property resource. A resource nominally held by a community would be treated as "collectively managed" only when a group of people who has the right to its use is governed by a commonly accepted set of rules -- in most cases unwritten.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) Ladakh & Kargil districts of J & K, (ii) 768 interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of the bus route & (iii) 195 villages of A & N Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

As usual, a stratified sampling design is adopted in this round. The first stage units are census villages ( panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and the NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units are households in both the sectors.

Sampling frame for first stage units (a) Rural : The lists of census villages of 1991 population census (1981 census list for J & K) constitute the sampling frame for the rural sector. For Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards has been used as the sampling frame for selection of panchayat wards in the rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constitute the sampling frame, whereas, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of accessible villages constitutes the sampling frame. (b) Urban : The lists of latest UFS blocks have been considered as the sampling frame for all cities and towns.

Stratification (a) Rural : At first, the following three strata (namely strata types 1, 2 & 3) are formed at the level of each state/u.t.:- Stratum 1 : list of uninhabited villages(as per '91 census). stratum 2 : villages with population 1 to 50 (including both the boundaries) stratum 3 : villages with population more than 15,000

Strata types 1, 2 & 3 above are formed provided there are at least 10 villages in each of the strata types in the state/u.t. as per 1991 population census. Otherwise, these villages are included in the general strata as described below :

After formation of the strata types 1, 2 & 3 (wherever applicable), the remaining villages of the state/u.t. are considered for formation of general strata. Each district with population less than 2 million as per 1991 census forms a separate stratum (however, district having a population of 2 million or more is divided into a number of strata as per usual procedure followed in NSS). For Gujarat, some districts cut across NSS regions. In such cases, the part of a district falling in an NSS region forms a separate stratum.

(b) Urban : Strata are formed within NSS region by grouping towns.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The schedule consists of the following blocks.

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample village. Block 1: Identification of sample village. Block 2: Particulars of field operations. Block 3: Availability of various facilities. Block 4: Particulars of common land in the village and nearby forest. Block 5: Particulars of common water resources in the village. Block 6: Particulars of collection from forest and other common village land (commons).

Abstract

Household consumer expenditure (HCE) is expenditure incurred by households on consumption of goods and services. Household consumer expenditure (HCE) during a specified period, called the reference period, may be defined as the following: (a) expenditure incurred by households on 'consumption goods and services' during the reference period (b) imputed value of goods and services produced as outputs of household (proprietary or partnership) enterprises owned by households and used by their members themselves during the reference period (c) imputed value of goods and services received by households as remuneration in kind during the reference period (d) imputed value of goods and services received by households through social transfers in kind received from government units or non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and used by households during the reference period. The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Period of survey and work programme: The period of survey will be of one year duration starting on 1st July 2011 and ending on 30th June 2012. The survey period of this round will be divided into four sub-rounds of three months' duration each as follows:

sub-round 1 : July - September 2011
sub-round 2 : October - December 2011 sub-round 3 : January - March 2012
sub-round 4 : April - June 2012

Objective of the consumer expenditure survey (CES): Firstly, as an indicator of level of living, monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) is both simple and universally applicable. Average MPCE of any sub-population of the country (any region or population group) is a single number that summarises the level of living of that population.Apart from these major uses of the CES, the food (quantity) consumption data are used to study the level of nutrition of different regions, and disparities therein. Further, the budget shares of a commodity at different MPCE levels are used by economists and market researchers to determine the elasticity (responsiveness) of demand to income increases.

Geographic coverage

The survey will cover the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household.

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design

Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design has been adopted for the 68th round survey. The first stage units (FSU) are the 2001 census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) are households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling is the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each rural/ urban FSU.

Sampling Frame for First Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 census villages (henceforth the term 'village' would include also Panchayat wards for Kerala) constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of UFS blocks (2007-12) is considered as the sampling frame.

Stratification: Within each district of a State/ UT, generally speaking, two basic strata have been formed: i) rural stratum comprising of all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising of all the urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, if there are one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per population census 2001 in a district, each of them forms a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district are considered as another basic stratum.

Sub-stratification:

Rural sector r: If 'r' be the sample size allocated for a rural stratum, the number of sub-strata formed would be 'r/4'. The villages within a district as per frame were first arranged in ascending order of population. Then sub-strata 1 to 'r/4' have been demarcated in such a way that each sub-stratum comprised a group of villages of the arranged frame and have more or less equal population.

Urban sector: If 'u' be the sample size for an urban stratum, 'u/4' number of sub-strata have been formed. In case u/4 is more than 1, implying formation of 2 or more sub-strata, this is done by first arranging the towns in ascending order of total number of households in the town as per UFS phase 2007-12 and then arranging the IV units of each town and blocks within each IV unit in ascending order of their numbers. From this arranged frame of UFS blocks of all the towns/million plus city of a stratum, 'u/4' number of sub- strata formed in such a way that each sub-stratum has more or less equal number of households as per UFS 2007-12.

Total sample size (FSUs): 12784 FSUs have been allocated for the central sample at all-India level and 14772 FSUs have been allocated for state sample. Statewise allocation of sample FSUs has been given in Appendix Table-1.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs has allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/ UT. While doing so, the resource availability in terms of number of field investigators has been kept in view.

Allocation of State/ UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/ UT level sample size has been allocated between two sectors in proportion to population as per census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector. However, if such weighted allocation resulted in too high sample size for the urban sector, the allocation for bigger states like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, etc. was restricted to that of the rural sector. A minimum of 16 FSUs (minimum 8 each for rural and urban sector separately) is allocated to each state/ UT.

Allocation to strata/ sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/ UT, the respective sample size has been allocated to the different strata/ sub-strata in proportion to the population as per census 2001. Allocations at stratum level are adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4. Allocation for each sub-stratum is 4. Equal number of samples has been allocated among the four sub-rounds.

Selection of FSUs:

For the rural sector, from each stratum/ sub-stratum, required number of sample villages has been selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001.

For the urban sector, UFS 2007-12 phase has been used for all towns and cities and FSUs have been selected from each stratum/sub-stratum by using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR).

Both rural and urban samples are to be drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples and equal number of samples have been allocated among the four sub rounds.

Selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks - important steps

Criterion for hamlet-group/ sub-block formation: After identification of the boundaries of the FSU, it is first determined whether listing is to be done in the whole sample FSU or not. In case the population of the selected FSU is found to be 1200 or more, it has to be divided into a suitable number (say, D) of 'hamlet-groups' in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector by more or less equalising the population as stated below.

approximate present population of the sample FSU no. of hg's/sb's to be formed

less than 1200 (no hamlet-groups/sub-blocks) 1
1200 to 1799 3
1800 to 2399 4
2400 to 2999 5
3000 to 3599 6
…………..and so on

For rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand (except four districts Dehradun (P), Nainital (P), Hardwar and Udham Singh Nagar), Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur, Doda, Leh (Ladakh), Kargil districts of Jammu and Kashmir and Idukki district of Kerala, the number of hamlet-groups are formed as follows:

approximate present population of the sample village no. of hg's to be formed

less than 600 (no hamlet-groups) 1
600 to 899 3
900 to 1199 4
1200 to 1499 5
.………..and so on

Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks: In case hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks are formed in the sample FSU, the same is done by more or less equalizing population.

Two hamlet-groups (hg)/ sub-blocks (sb) are selected from a large FSU wherever hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks have been formed in the following manner - one hg/ sb with maximum percentage share of population is always selected and termed as hg/ sb 1; one more hg/ sb is selected from the remaining hg's/ sb's by simple random sampling (SRS) and termed as hg/ sb 2. Listing and selection of the households is done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/ sub-blocks. The FSUs without hg/ sb formation are treated as sample hg/ sb number 1. It is to be noted that if more than one hg/ sb have same maximum percentage share of population, the one among them which is listed first in block 4.2 of schedule 0.0 is treated as hg/ sb 1.

Selection of households: From each SSS the sample households for each of the schedules are selected by SRSWOR. If a household is selected for more than one schedule, only one schedule is canvassed in that household in the priority order of Schedule 1.0 (Type 1), Schedule 1.0 (Type 2) and Schedule 10 and in