In 2020, Indonesia recorded the largest population of Muslims worldwide, with around 239 million. This was followed with around 226.88 million Muslims in Pakistan and 213 million Muslims in India.

Islam is the major religion in many African countries, especially in the north of the continent. In Comoros, Libya, Western Sahara, at least 99 percent of the population was Muslim as of 202. These were the highest percentages on the continent. However, also in many other African nations, the majority of the population was Muslim. In Egypt, for instance, Islam was the religion of 79 percent of the people. Islam and other religions in Africa Africa accounts for an important share of the world’s Muslim population. As of 2019, 16 percent of the Muslims worldwide lived in Sub-Saharan Africa, while 20 percent of them lived in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Together with Christianity, Islam is the most common religious affiliation in Africa, followed by several traditional African religions. Although to a smaller extent, numerous other religions are practiced on the continent: these include Judaism, the Baha’i Faith, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Number of Muslims worldwide Islam is one of the most widespread religions in the world. There are approximately 1.9 billion Muslims globally, with the largest Muslim communities living in the Asia-Pacific region. Specifically, Indonesia hosts the highest number of Muslims worldwide, amounting to over 200 million, followed by India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Islam is also present in Europe and America. The largest Islamic communities in Europe are in France (5.72 million), Germany (4.95 million), and the United Kingdom (4.13 million). In the United States, there is an estimated number of around 3.45 million Muslims.

In 2024, Nigeria had the largest Muslim population in Africa, with around 105 million people who belonged to an Islamic denomination. Egypt and Algeria followed with 90.4 million and 39.4 million Muslims, respectively. Muslims have a significant presence in Africa, with an estimated 50 percent of the continent's population identifying as Muslim. The spread of Islam in Africa began in the 7th century with the arrival of Arab traders, and it continued through Islamic scholars and missionaries.

Bahrain Number of Financial Institutions: Investment Business Firms: Category 1: ow Islamic data was reported at 13.000 Unit in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.000 Unit for 2019. Bahrain Number of Financial Institutions: Investment Business Firms: Category 1: ow Islamic data is updated yearly, averaging 8.000 Unit from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2020, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.000 Unit in 2020 and a record low of 2.000 Unit in 2007. Bahrain Number of Financial Institutions: Investment Business Firms: Category 1: ow Islamic data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Informatics Organization. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bahrain – Table BH.KB024: Number of Financial Institutions.

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 1 row and is filtered where the books is Another world : losing our children to Islamic State : based on verbatim interviews developed with Nicolas Kent from his original idea. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Islamic Financing market size was USD 2514.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1005.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 754.26 million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 578.27 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.5% from 2024 to 2031.
The Latin American market will account for more than 5% of global revenue and have a market size of USD 125.71 million in 2024. It will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.9% from 2024 to 2031.
The Middle East and Africa held the major markets, accounting for around 2% of the global revenue. The market was USD 50.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2% from 2024 to 2031.
The Individual held the highest Islamic Financing market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Islamic Financing Market

Key Drivers of Islamic Financing Market

Growing Muslim Population to Increase the Demand Globally

The growing Muslim population globally is expected to significantly increase the demand for Islamic financial products and services in the coming years. With Muslims comprising a substantial portion of the world's population, estimated to reach nearly 30% by 2050 according to demographic projections, there is a natural market for Sharia-compliant banking and investment solutions. As incomes rise and financial literacy improves in Muslim-majority countries and beyond, more individuals and businesses are seeking financial services that align with their religious beliefs and ethical values. Moreover, the increasing affluence and urbanization among Muslim populations contribute to a greater demand for sophisticated financial products, including Islamic mortgages, savings accounts, and investment funds. This growing demand is wider than in Muslim-majority countries. Still, it extends to Muslim communities and individuals residing in non-Muslim-majority countries, as well as non-Muslims who are attracted to the ethical principles and risk-sharing mechanisms inherent in Islamic finance.

Economic Development in Muslim-majority Countries to Propel Market Growth

Economic development in Muslim-majority countries is poised to propel significant growth within the Islamic finance market. As these countries experience robust economic growth, driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and natural resource wealth, a corresponding demand for sophisticated financial services that comply with Islamic principles emerges. This demand stems from both individuals and businesses seeking ethical and Sharia-compliant financial solutions to meet their diverse needs. Moreover, the expanding middle class within these countries signifies an increasing appetite for diverse banking and investment products, including Islamic mortgages, savings accounts, and investment funds. As disposable incomes rise and financial literacy improves, more people are turning towards Islamic finance as a viable alternative to conventional banking, recognizing its alignment with their religious beliefs and ethical values.

Restraint Factors Of Islamic Financing Market

Limited Product Offering to Limit the Sales

The limited product offering within the Islamic finance market poses a significant challenge, potentially constraining sales and market growth. Compared to conventional banking, Islamic finance products and services are often more specialized and may only cover part of the spectrum of financial needs for individuals and businesses. This limited range of options can deter potential customers who require a broader array of financial solutions. One of the primary reasons for the limited product offering is the adherence to Sharia principles, which prohibit certain financial activities such as interest (riba) and speculative transactions (gharar). While Islamic finance emphasizes ethical and socially responsible investing, it also imposes constraints on product innovation and development, particularly in areas where conventional finance has more f...

The average for 2013 based on 1 countries was 11 percent. The highest value was in Bulgaria: 11 percent and the lowest value was in Bulgaria: 11 percent. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2013. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Journal Impact Factors for all and domestic mental health disorders research papers from 16 leading OIC countries; also citation performance (five-year counts, fractional country counts) (ACI all and ACI dom), and presence in the top 1% and 5% (59, 26 cites or more) showing World-Scale (W.S.) values (relative to norm of 100).

WorldPop produces different types of gridded population count datasets, depending on the methods used and end application. Please make sure you have read our Mapping Populations overview page before choosing and downloading a dataset.

A description of the modelling methods used for age and gender structures can be found in "https://pophealthmetrics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-7954-11-11" target="_blank"> Tatem et al and Pezzulo et al. Details of the input population count datasets used can be found here, and age/gender structure proportion datasets here.
Both top-down 'unconstrained' and 'constrained' versions of the datasets are available, and the differences between the two methods are outlined here. The datasets represent the outputs from a project focused on construction of consistent 100m resolution population count datasets for all countries of the World structured by male/female and 5-year age classes (plus a <1 year class). These efforts necessarily involved some shortcuts for consistency. The unconstrained datasets are available for each year from 2000 to 2020.
The constrained datasets are only available for 2020 at present, given the time periods represented by the building footprint and built settlement datasets used in the mapping.
Data for earlier dates is available directly from WorldPop.

WorldPop (www.worldpop.org - School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton; Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of Louisville; Departement de Geographie, Universite de Namur) and Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University (2018). Global High Resolution Population Denominators Project - Funded by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1134076). https://dx.doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/WP00646

Islamic Banks (IB): 12 Mths Expected Credit Losses, Stage 1 data was reported at 921,955.604 MYR mn in Oct 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 909,329.472 MYR mn for Sep 2025. Islamic Banks (IB): 12 Mths Expected Credit Losses, Stage 1 data is updated monthly, averaging 763,871.848 MYR mn from Jul 2021 (Median) to Oct 2025, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 921,955.604 MYR mn in Oct 2025 and a record low of 604,633.236 MYR mn in Aug 2021. Islamic Banks (IB): 12 Mths Expected Credit Losses, Stage 1 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Negara Malaysia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.KB: Impaired Loans and Impairment Provision.

Abstract

Since its inception in the mid-1990s, the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys programme, known as MICS, has become the largest source of statistically sound and internationally comparable data on children and women worldwide. In countries as diverse as Bangladesh, Thailand, Fiji, Qatar, Cote d’Ivoire, Turkmenistan and Argentina, trained fieldwork teams conduct face-to-face interviews with household members on a variety of topics – focusing mainly on those issues that directly affect the lives of children and women. MICS is an integral part of plans and policies of many governments around the world, and a major data source for more than 30 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators. The MICS programme continues to evolve with new methodologies and initiatives, including MICS Plus, MICS Link, MICS GIS and the MICS Tabulator.

Geographic coverage

Iran, Islamic Republic of The majority of MICS surveys are designed to be representative at the national level. Sample sizes are sufficient to generate robust data at the regional or provincial levels, and for urban and rural areas. In MICS1, subnational surveys, covering specific geographical areas (such as the Northeast zone of Somalia and West Bank and Gaza Strip of State of Palestine) within countries were also conducted.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for the MICS1 was designed to provide national estimates of indicators for the Mid-Decade Goals. Additionally, most countries also used the survey to provide subnational estimates – for example, at the level of regions, areas, states, provinces or districts. These data may be used for detecting areas where greater efforts are required, as well as for programming and evaluation purposes.

MICS1 reports routinely disaggregate data by location of residence. More details on particular sampling design can be found in the survey final reports.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

MICS questionnaires were designed by implementing agencies, typically the National Statistical Offices. In each country, MICS questionnaires were based on an assessment of the country’s data needs. The starting point was the standard MICS1 questionnaire designed under the guidance of the Planning and Coordination Office, all relevant technical clusters within UNICEF and the Evaluation and Research Office, with assistance from the United Nations Statistical Office, with support from UNFPA, and in consultation with other United Nations agencies, especially the World Health Organization and UNESCO. Countries chose from the MICS modules in the standard MICS questionnaires. All survey activities, from sample and survey design, to fieldwork and report writing were carried out by the implementing agencies – with limited technical support from UNICEF regional advisors in monitoring and evaluation.

The MICS1 standard questionnaire was set up as a series of modules:

HOUSEHOLD MODULES: Household Information Panel Mother and Child Listing Form Water and Sanitation Module Salt Iodization Module Education Module

MODULES FOR MOTHERS: Tetanus Toxoid Module Care of Acute Respiratory Illness Module (optional)

MODULES FOR CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE: Diarrhoe Module Vitamin A Module Breastfeeding Module (optional) Immunization Module Anthropometry Module

MORTALITY MODULE (alternative)

Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data was reported at 0.011 USD mn in 2019. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data is updated yearly, averaging 0.011 USD mn from Dec 2019 (Median) to 2019, with 1 observations. Laos LA: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Annual.

Abstract

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2), 2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available in the downloads tab. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

Individuals of 15 years or older with access to landline and/or mobile phones.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

With some exceptions, all samples are probability based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. The coverage area is the entire country including rural areas, and the sampling frame represents the entire civilian, non-institutionalized, aged 15 and older population. For more details on the overall sampling and data collection methodology, see the World poll methodology attached as a resource in the downloads tab. Specific sampling details for each country are also attached as technical documents in the downloads tab. Exclusions: NA Design effect: 1.34

Mode of data collection

Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing [CATI]

Cleaning operations

Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates

The margin of error is estimated as 3.6. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

Abstract

In order to develop various methods of comparable data collection on health and health system responsiveness WHO started a scientific survey study in 2000-2001. This study has used a common survey instrument in nationally representative populations with modular structure for assessing health of indviduals in various domains, health system responsiveness, household health care expenditures, and additional modules in other areas such as adult mortality and health state valuations.

The health module of the survey instrument was based on selected domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and was developed after a rigorous scientific review of various existing assessment instruments. The responsiveness module has been the result of ongoing work over the last 2 years that has involved international consultations with experts and key informants and has been informed by the scientific literature and pilot studies.

Questions on household expenditure and proportionate expenditure on health have been borrowed from existing surveys. The survey instrument has been developed in multiple languages using cognitive interviews and cultural applicability tests, stringent psychometric tests for reliability (i.e. test-retest reliability to demonstrate the stability of application) and most importantly, utilizing novel psychometric techniques for cross-population comparability.

The study was carried out in 61 countries completing 71 surveys because two different modes were intentionally used for comparison purposes in 10 countries. Surveys were conducted in different modes of in- person household 90 minute interviews in 14 countries; brief face-to-face interviews in 27 countries and computerized telephone interviews in 2 countries; and postal surveys in 28 countries. All samples were selected from nationally representative sampling frames with a known probability so as to make estimates based on general population parameters.

The survey study tested novel techniques to control the reporting bias between different groups of people in different cultures or demographic groups ( i.e. differential item functioning) so as to produce comparable estimates across cultures and groups. To achieve comparability, the selfreports of individuals of their own health were calibrated against well-known performance tests (i.e. self-report vision was measured against standard Snellen's visual acuity test) or against short descriptions in vignettes that marked known anchor points of difficulty (e.g. people with different levels of mobility such as a paraplegic person or an athlete who runs 4 km each day) so as to adjust the responses for comparability . The same method was also used for self-reports of individuals assessing responsiveness of their health systems where vignettes on different responsiveness domains describing different levels of responsiveness were used to calibrate the individual responses.

This data are useful in their own right to standardize indicators for different domains of health (such as cognition, mobility, self care, affect, usual activities, pain, social participation, etc.) but also provide a better measurement basis for assessing health of the populations in a comparable manner. The data from the surveys can be fed into composite measures such as "Healthy Life Expectancy" and improve the empirical data input for health information systems in different regions of the world. Data from the surveys were also useful to improve the measurement of the responsiveness of different health systems to the legitimate expectations of the population.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Data Coding At each site the data was coded by investigators to indicate the respondent status and the selection of the modules for each respondent within the survey design. After the interview was edited by the supervisor and considered adequate it was entered locally.

Data Entry Program A data entry program was developed in WHO specifically for the survey study and provided to the sites. It was developed using a database program called the I-Shell (short for Interview Shell), a tool designed for easy development of computerized questionnaires and data entry (34). This program allows for easy data cleaning and processing.

The data entry program checked for inconsistencies and validated the entries in each field by checking for valid response categories and range checks. For example, the program didn’t accept an age greater than 120. For almost all of the variables there existed a range or a list of possible values that the program checked for.

In addition, the data was entered twice to capture other data entry errors. The data entry program was able to warn the user whenever a value that did not match the first entry was entered at the second data entry. In this case the program asked the user to resolve the conflict by choosing either the 1st or the 2nd data entry value to be able to continue. After the second data entry was completed successfully, the data entry program placed a mark in the database in order to enable the checking of whether this process had been completed for each and every case.

Data Transfer The data entry program was capable of exporting the data that was entered into one compressed database file which could be easily sent to WHO using email attachments or a file transfer program onto a secure server no matter how many cases were in the file. The sites were allowed the use of as many computers and as many data entry personnel as they wanted. Each computer used for this purpose produced one file and they were merged once they were delivered to WHO with the help of other programs that were built for automating the process. The sites sent the data periodically as they collected it enabling the checking procedures and preliminary analyses in the early stages of the data collection.

Data quality checks Once the data was received it was analyzed for missing information, invalid responses and representativeness. Inconsistencies were also noted and reported back to sites.

Data Cleaning and Feedback After receipt of cleaned data from sites, another program was run to check for missing information, incorrect information (e.g. wrong use of center codes), duplicated data, etc. The output of this program was fed back to sites regularly. Mainly, this consisted of cases with duplicate IDs, duplicate cases (where the data for two respondents with different IDs were identical), wrong country codes, missing age, sex, education and some other important variables.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.

The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones.

The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household Individual

Universe

National population, both sexes,18 and more years.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample size: 1223

There were different stages in the sampling procedure: 1- First stage is to draw primary sampling units (clusters) by pps method. 2- Second stage to draw households from each psu by systematic method. 3- Third stage to draw the eligible person from each household by simple random sample. The quota sample is biased sample we dont use this type of samples in general. But we use stratified sample instead with implicit stratification if it is required, so for male and female from each cluster by drew 50% hh from each ssu for male and 50% for female. Substitution was permitted if the house become unoccupied or the nationalty of the household is non-Jordanian. In the first stage stratification were applied for urban rural socio economic characters and administrative distribution.

Remarks about sampling: -Final numbers of clusters or sampling points: 130 -Sample unit from office sampling: Household in each selected household the interviewers lists all male or female individuals above 18 and randomly according to a given table I which there is a family serial number one person is identified as a respondent. The extra samples of households were selected in advance before the field work start 3 independent households were selected from each cluster to subsidize non response.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

We used the questionnaire that was designed for the Islamic countries. The questionnaire was translated by a specialist translator. The translated questionnaire was back-translated into English and the translated questionnaire was also pre-tested: 133 questionnaires. There were some questions or concepts that caused particular problems when the questionnaire was translated in English. Especially the difficulties were in political matters. The question left-right scale was difficult for the respondent to understand. In fact the team decided to omit 26 questions from the original questionnaire, which were 237 questions. Thus we ended up using 211 questions. There were not included: Q73, Q83, Q90, Q94, Q168-174, Q183-186, Q187-190, Q202-203, Q206-209. The sample was designed to be representative of the entire adult population, i.e. 18 years and older, of your country. The lower age cut-off for the sample was 18 and there was not any upper age cut-off for the sample.

Response rate

The non response should be less than 5%.

Sampling error estimates

Estimated error: 2.9

Israel IL: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data was reported at 0.086 USD mn in Dec 2016. Israel IL: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.086 USD mn from Dec 2016 (Median) to Dec 2016, with 1 observations. Israel IL: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Quarterly.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers Iran.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Iran covers national population aged 16 years and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Because of the size and complexity of the survey population, multi-stage probability sampling methods are used to develop the sample frame for this study.

Stage 1: The total household population of Iran is divided into 28 strata based on the provincial boundariestwenty-seven provinces plus the province of Tehran. In each province, the household population is divided into urban and rural areas. And each urban and rural area is further divided into Census blocks. The SCI has detailed maps of all these urban and rural areas. These areas are divided into Census Enumeration Areas or blocks, which are the smallest geographically specified units. Each unit includes at least ten dwellings for the urban areas and at least one for the rural areas. A block is defined as an area where one can start enumeration from one point and go around the unit and return to the starting point. The size and the population density of these blocks vary. The number of these blocks and their distributions as urban versus rural areas also vary from province to province. In the 28 provinces, the blocks are sampled with probabilities proportionate to size measured in total dwelling units. In the 28 provinces, blocks are sampled in proportion to the total number of dwelling units. In metropolitan areas, where blocks fall into districts with varying socioeconomic status (high, medium, low), these areas are first stratified into homogeneous districts, and then blocks are sampled.

Stage 2: The second stage units of the surveys multi-stage sample design include individual dwelling units, in which respondents reside. The SCI has provided the list of all the dwelling units within each of the selected blocks. A random sample of dwellings units will be selected for contact from the listing for each block. The result will be about 3000 dwellings of which 1800 will be from urban and 1200 from rural areas. The table below shows the population size according to the 1996 Census and its distribution of the population in the urban and rural areas by provinces, the sampled Census blocks, and the share of the sample of households for the urban and rural areas of each province. A final adjustment of the sample size may be made according to the homogeneity or the heterogeneity of the area being sampled. The level of education and economic development are considered the major criteria for assessing the degree of homogeneity of the population.

Stage 3: A single respondent from each sample dwelling unit will be selected according to procedure specified in charts provided to the interviewers. There were three differences between the 2000 and 2005 samples. First, in 2000 sample, the interviewers were not able to get to the provinces of Sistan va Baluchistan and Kurdistan. But in 2005 these provinces were surveyed. Second, in the 2005 the province of Kurdistan was oversampled to allow comparison with Iraqi Kurds. Third, the number of province ware increased to thirty-one in 2005.

The sample size for Iran is N=2667 and includes the national population aged 16 years and over for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The WVS questionnaire was translated into Persian from the English questionnaire by a member of the research team. The translated questionnaire was also pre-tested. The questionnaire was administered to 200 individuals. In 2005 survey, no question was omitted.

Der Durchschnitt für 2013 betrug 46 Prozent, bei einem Höchstwert von 90 Prozent (Iran) und einem Minimum von 1 Prozent (Bulgarien). Unten befindet sich ein Diagramm für alle Länder, in denen Daten zum Themazur Verfügung stehen.

The Hajj to Mecca in Saudi Arabia is considered among the world’s largest human gatherings, with over **** million pilgrims in 2025. The Saudi government restricted Hajj to residents in Saudi Arabia only during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The number of Hajj pilgrims dropped to about **** thousand in 2021. Like other religious pilgrimages, Hajj is considered an annual rite of passage to renew one's moral and spiritual connection. Approximately a quarter of the human population identify themselves as Muslims. According to their faith of Islam, it is one of their five religious duties to perform the Hajj at least once in their lifetime. Who are the pilgrims? According to Islamic tradition, any Muslim who has reached maturity is due to perform the Hajj. During the last Hajj season before the COVID-19 pandemic, about two thirds of the pilgrims to Mecca came from outside of the Saudi Arabian Kingdom. The government of Saudi Arabia issues each years’ Hajj visas on a country quota system, based on the size of the Muslim population .     Financial aspects   One main condition for a mature Muslim to qualify to perform the Hajj is to be free of debt and other financial and social obligations. Many Muslims around the world spend a significant amount of their life-savings to be able to make this spiritual journey. As an example, the cost of performing Hajj for a Malaysian Muslim was calculated at about ***** thousand Malaysian ringgits. For first time Hajj pilgrims, the Malaysian government subsidizes more than half of that amount. Some Muslims who can’t afford the financial or physical challenges of the Hajj sometimes perform the smaller Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca called Umrah, which can be attempted all year round.

Marshall Islands MH: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data was reported at 22.662 USD mn in 2015. Marshall Islands MH: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data is updated yearly, averaging 22.662 USD mn from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Marshall Islands MH: Trade Balance: Emerging and Developing Economies: Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan: Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Marshall Islands – Table MH.IMF.DOT: Trade Balance: by Country: Annual.