In 2023, 690 black and pardo Brazilians were killed by security agents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Compared to the 71 whites who died in the same circumstances, the number of black civilians killed in that state was almost ten times greater. In the state of Bahia, the disparity was even greater, with 1,321 blacks killed by police compared to 71 whites.

Brazil and the United States are the two most populous countries in the Americas today. In 1500, the year that Pedro Álvares Cabral made landfall in present-day Brazil and claimed it for the Portuguese crown, it is estimated that there were roughly one million people living in the region. Some estimates for the present-day United States give a population of two million in the year 1500, although estimates vary greatly. By 1820, the population of the U.S. was still roughly double that of Brazil, but rapid growth in the 19th century would see it grow 4.5 times larger by 1890, before the difference shrunk during the 20th century. In 2024, the U.S. has a population over 340 million people, making it the third most populous country in the world, while Brazil has a population of almost 218 million and is the sixth most populous. Looking to the future, population growth is expected to be lower in Brazil than in the U.S. in the coming decades, as Brazil's fertility rates are already lower, and migration rates into the United States will be much higher. Historical development The indigenous peoples of present-day Brazil and the U.S. were highly susceptible to diseases brought from the Old World; combined with mass displacement and violence, their population growth rates were generally low, therefore migration from Europe and the import of enslaved Africans drove population growth in both regions. In absolute numbers, more Europeans migrated to North America than Brazil, whereas more slaves were transported to Brazil than the U.S., but European migration to Brazil increased significantly in the early 1900s. The U.S. also underwent its demographic transition much earlier than in Brazil, therefore its peak period of population growth was almost a century earlier than Brazil. Impact of ethnicity The demographics of these countries are often compared, not only because of their size, location, and historical development, but also due to the role played by ethnicity. In the mid-1800s, these countries had the largest slave societies in the world, but a major difference between the two was the attitude towards interracial procreation. In Brazil, relationships between people of different ethnic groups were more common and less stigmatized than in the U.S., where anti-miscegenation laws prohibited interracial relationships in many states until the 1960s. Racial classification was also more rigid in the U.S., and those of mixed ethnicity were usually classified by their non-white background. In contrast, as Brazil has a higher degree of mixing between those of ethnic African, American, and European heritage, classification is less obvious, and factors such as physical appearance or societal background were often used to determine racial standing. For most of the 20th century, Brazil's government promoted the idea that race was a non-issue and that Brazil was racially harmonious, but most now acknowledge that this actually ignored inequality and hindered progress. Racial inequality has been a prevalent problem in both countries since their founding, and today, whites generally fare better in terms of education, income, political representation, and even life expectancy. Despite this adversity, significant progress has been made in recent decades, as public awareness of inequality has increased, and authorities in both countries have made steps to tackle disparities in areas such as education, housing, and employment.

Brazil Agricultural Production: White Potatoes data was reported at 4,188.704 Ton th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,926.076 Ton th for 2022. Brazil Agricultural Production: White Potatoes data is updated yearly, averaging 2,738.207 Ton th from Dec 1974 (Median) to 2023, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,188.704 Ton th in 2023 and a record low of 1,654.767 Ton th in 1975. Brazil Agricultural Production: White Potatoes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.RIB008: Agricultural Production: Temporary Crops.

Brazil Harvest Area: White Potatoes data was reported at 123.455 ha th in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 118.713 ha th for 2022. Brazil Harvest Area: White Potatoes data is updated yearly, averaging 157.547 ha th from Dec 1974 (Median) to 2023, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 211.315 ha th in 1978 and a record low of 116.422 ha th in 2021. Brazil Harvest Area: White Potatoes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.RIA020: Agricultural Area: Harvested: Temporary Crops.

Abstract: Introduction: There are still many economic and racial barriers for black and indigenous peoples regarding access to a university degree in Brazil. Although Brazil is mistakenly considered a racial democracy, black people, indigenous peoples and those of low social status are the most affected by such difficulties regarding access to the university. Medical schools are traditionally attended by white, wealthy and upper-middle-class groups, although 54% of Brazilians consider themselves to be African descendants. To deal with this scenario, since 2013, 50% of all vacancies in public universities have been reserved for low social classes, indigenous peoples and African descendants. Our objective was to describe the socioeconomic and racial profile of those attending a public medical school in the state of Rio de Janeiro during a five-year period, analyzing the associations between the Brazilian segregationist structure and inclusion policies. Method: A census study was carried out, including all groups that entered the medical school at a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2017. We applied a self-administered questionnaire that addressed social, ethnic, economic and university admission aspects. The data were analyzed by a simple description of the frequencies and by bivariate analysis. Results: The results show that the majority profile is white, with an annual income higher than US$ 8,640, coming from a private school, with financial support from the family, both parents with higher education and no gender difference. As for the inclusion of non-white people into the course, the current quota system has not significantly increased their presence. Conclusion: We conclude that racial inclusion policies subordinated to economic ones seem to be a barrier to the entry of non-whites to medical school, contributing to racial inequality.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Brazil by race. It includes the population of Brazil across racial categories (excluding ethnicity) as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Brazil across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

The percent distribution of Brazil population by race (across all racial categories recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau): 93.58% are white, 0.21% are Black or African American, 0.30% are Asian, 1.64% are some other race and 4.28% are multiracial.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (excluding ethnicity) for the Brazil
• Population: The population of the racial category (excluding ethnicity) in the Brazil is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of Brazil total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Brazil Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

Abstract: Studies on racial classification systems in Brazil reveal the influence of socioeconomic factors in the expression of color/race categories, especially for whites and blacks. The aim of this study was to analyze specific family arrangements between fathers, mothers, and children, at least one of whom was indigenous. Based on the sample from the 2010 Population Census, we selected households with at least three residents (father, mother, and children), at least one of whom was indigenous. Children were characterized according to color/race (white, brown, and indigenous), sex, age, per capita household income, maternal schooling, and number of urban and rural household residents. Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. We estimated a total of 290.247 children (of whom 77.1% were classified as indigenous, 13.8% brown, and 9.1% white), 74.3% living in rural households and 41.3% in the North region of Brazil; children classified as white and brown were located mostly in urban areas. The odds of children of indigenous fathers or mothers being classified as white were higher in the Southeast and South. The odds of children being classified as white or brown increased proportionally with monthly income and maternal schooling. The findings show that socioeconomic status is significantly associated with color/race classification in Brazil, including in indigenous households.

This dataset provides information about the number of properties, residents, and average property values for White Tail Drive cross streets in Brazil, IN.

ABSTRACT In the mid-1950’s, the construction of a monument in Curitiba, Paraná, led the local elite to an impasse: how to be modern, in postwar Brazil, without giving up being white? Conceived as part of the centenary commemorations of the state of Paraná, the monument should dominate the Civic Center plaza - an administrative complex planned to symbolize the sudden transformation of Paraná into one of the richer states in the federation. However, the 21 stone giants that would comprise the monument ended up reduced to only one, the Naked Man, made by sculptors Erbo Stenzel and Humberto Cozzo. In this article, I analyze the meanings associated with the adaptation, construction and repercussion of the Naked Man, including the conflicts between local agents and modernist professionals that worked in the Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro. I trace the efforts of an elite group focused in updating their region according to the standards set by a modern movement developed in the centers of the nation’s cultural life. Facing resistance from a reactionary local elite group, the modern paranaenses were able to secure significant architectural projects, but only to retreat when they figured that being modern and Brazilian, in the postwar years, meant becoming less white.

Brazil Construction Materials: Production: Portland Cement: White Cement data was reported at 86.000 Ton th in 2008. This records a decrease from the previous number of 115.000 Ton th for 2007. Brazil Construction Materials: Production: Portland Cement: White Cement data is updated yearly, averaging 86.500 Ton th from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2008, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.000 Ton th in 2007 and a record low of 49.000 Ton th in 2001. Brazil Construction Materials: Production: Portland Cement: White Cement data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Union of Cement Industry. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Construction and Properties Sector – Table BR.EC003: Construction Materials: Production: Portland Cement: by Region and State.

OBJECTIVE: To identify self-perceived oral health in adults and associated variables. METHODS: The study involved primary data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil) 2010 with 2,456 adults aged 35 to 44 in the Northeastern Brazil. The dependent variable was self-perceived oral health and the independent variables were grouped into four blocks: demographic, predisposing/facilitation, oral health status and those related to self-perceived need for treatment. The Rao and Scott test was used to test the association between these variables. To test the effect of the independent variables on the outcome, a multinomial logistic regression model was used according to the hierarchical model, resulting in an analysis divided into two stages: simple analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Positive self-perception of oral health was observed in 37% of the participants. In the final model, the features directly associated with this perception were being white, having a household income exceeding R$ 500.00, owning goods number above the median, having more sound teeth, not experiencing bleeding, not requiring prosthesis, Oral Imparcts on Daily Performances = 0, not requiring treatment, having gone to the dentist less than 3 years ago. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that self-perceived oral health in adults living in the Northeast is directly associated with a multidimensional structure of factors. The poor economic conditions associated with poor clinical conditions impact heavily on this population’s self-perception of oral health.

Social inequalities in Brazil are reflected in women’s search for abortion care, when they face individual, social, and structural barriers and are exposed to situations of vulnerability. Black women are the most heavily exposed to these barriers, from the search for the service to the care itself. The study aimed to analyze factors related to individual barriers in the search for first post-abortion care according to race/color. The study was conducted in Salvador (Bahia State), Recife, (Pernambuco State) and São Luís (Maranhão State), Brazil, with 2,640 patients admitted to public hospitals. Logistic regression was performed to analyze differences according to race/color (white, brown, and black), with “no individual barriers in the search for first care” as the reference category in the dependent variable. Of the women interviewed, 35.7% were black, 53.3% brown, and 11% white. Black women had less schooling, fewer children, and reported more induced abortions (31.1%) and more second-trimester abortions (15.4%). Black women reported more individual barriers in the search for first care (32% vs. 28% in brown women and 20.3% in whites), such as fear of being mistreated and lack of money for transportation. Regression analysis confirmed the association between black and brown race/color and individual barriers in the search for post-abortion care, even after adjusting for all the selected variables. The results confirmed the situation of vulnerability for black women and brown women in Brazil. Racial discrimination in health services and abortion-related stigma can act simultaneously, delaying women’s access to health services, a limitation that can further complicate their post-abortion condition.

Based on pre-DNA racial/color methodology, clinical and pharmacological trials have traditionally considered the different geographical regions of Brazil as being very heterogeneous. We wished to ascertain how such diversity of regional color categories correlated with ancestry. Using a panel of 40 validated ancestry-informative insertion-deletion DNA polymorphisms we estimated individually the European, African and Amerindian ancestry components of 934 self-categorized White, Brown or Black Brazilians from the four most populous regions of the Country. We unraveled great ancestral diversity between and within the different regions. Especially, color categories in the northern part of Brazil diverged significantly in their ancestry proportions from their counterparts in the southern part of the Country, indicating that diverse regional semantics were being used in the self-classification as White, Brown or Black. To circumvent these regional subjective differences in color perception, we estimated the general ancestry proportions of each of the four regions in a form independent of color considerations. For that, we multiplied the proportions of a given ancestry in a given color category by the official census information about the proportion of that color category in the specific region, to arrive at a “total ancestry” estimate. Once such a calculation was performed, there emerged a much higher level of uniformity than previously expected. In all regions studied, the European ancestry was predominant, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South. We propose that the immigration of six million Europeans to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries - a phenomenon described and intended as the “whitening of Brazil” - is in large part responsible for dissipating previous ancestry dissimilarities that reflected region-specific population histories. These findings, of both clinical and sociological importance for Brazil, should also be relevant to other countries with ancestrally admixed populations.

Brazil Imports: HS6: fob: White Portland Cement,Whether or Not Artificially Coloured data was reported at 1.462 USD mn in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.831 USD mn for Nov 2024. Brazil Imports: HS6: fob: White Portland Cement,Whether or Not Artificially Coloured data is updated monthly, averaging 0.983 USD mn from Jan 1997 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 322 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.736 USD mn in Oct 2014 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Nov 2002. Brazil Imports: HS6: fob: White Portland Cement,Whether or Not Artificially Coloured data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Special Secretariat for Foreign Trade and International Affairs. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Foreign Trade – Table BR.HS: 6 Digits: Section 5: Imports: Value.

Brazil Agricultural Average Yield: Temporary Crops: South: White Potatoes data was reported at 26,514.000 kg/ha in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 24,671.000 kg/ha for 2016. Brazil Agricultural Average Yield: Temporary Crops: South: White Potatoes data is updated yearly, averaging 15,273.500 kg/ha from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26,514.000 kg/ha in 2017 and a record low of 10,592.000 kg/ha in 1998. Brazil Agricultural Average Yield: Temporary Crops: South: White Potatoes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table BR.RIC005: Agricultural Yield: Temporary Crops: South.

Brazil Agricultural Average Yield: Temporary Crops: Southeast: White Potatoes data was reported at 33,540.000 kg/ha in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 31,492.000 kg/ha for 2016. Brazil Agricultural Average Yield: Temporary Crops: Southeast: White Potatoes data is updated yearly, averaging 24,733.500 kg/ha from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,540.000 kg/ha in 2017 and a record low of 19,359.000 kg/ha in 1990. Brazil Agricultural Average Yield: Temporary Crops: Southeast: White Potatoes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table BR.RIC006: Agricultural Yield: Temporary Crops: Southeast.

Recently in Brazil, public policies have begun to be implemented to reduce discrimination and promote the inclusion of excluded social groups based on a specific individual characteristic: race. However, there is little public consensus about such policies, especially among whites. In this work, I look at the racial attitudes towards affirmative action among white college students. I make use of new research methods for the empirical study of socially sensitive issues and ask whether these attitudes stem from prejudice, conflicts between social groups or individual political predispositions. Furthermore, I ask what is the relationship between political knowledge and such racial attitudes. I use the list experiment method because of its potential to offset the under-representation of opinions and attitudes. This approach allows respondents to be indirectly questioned, ensuring greater sincerity in their answers and, hence, providing more accurate portrayal of attitudes. This study shows that white respondents’ answers on affirmative action policies are strongly affected by social desirability. Only 6% of white respondents agreed that it is important to have a quota policy for blacks at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). Individuals with greater political knowledge tend to express greater support for affirmative action and hold more coherent racial attitudes Results also reveal that negative racial attitudes and political predispositions are both determinants of the white student’s attitudes towards affirmative action policies.

Brazil IPI: Year to Date: Mfg: Electric Mac, Devices & Mats: Microwaves & White Line data was reported at 97.340 Prev Year=100 in Feb 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 92.790 Prev Year=100 for Jan 2014. Brazil IPI: Year to Date: Mfg: Electric Mac, Devices & Mats: Microwaves & White Line data is updated monthly, averaging 104.135 Prev Year=100 from Jan 1992 (Median) to Feb 2014, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 147.160 Prev Year=100 in Feb 1995 and a record low of 72.010 Prev Year=100 in Aug 1992. Brazil IPI: Year to Date: Mfg: Electric Mac, Devices & Mats: Microwaves & White Line data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.BAA062: Industrial Production Index: Previous Year=100: Year-to-Date.

Brazil IPI: 12Mo: Mfg: Electric Mac, Devices & Mats: Microwave & White Line data was reported at 95.210 Prev 12 Mths=100 in Feb 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 94.990 Prev 12 Mths=100 for Jan 2014. Brazil IPI: 12Mo: Mfg: Electric Mac, Devices & Mats: Microwave & White Line data is updated monthly, averaging 104.700 Prev 12 Mths=100 from Dec 1992 (Median) to Feb 2014, with 255 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 130.880 Prev 12 Mths=100 in Jul 1995 and a record low of 79.680 Prev 12 Mths=100 in Oct 1998. Brazil IPI: 12Mo: Mfg: Electric Mac, Devices & Mats: Microwave & White Line data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.BAA063: Industrial Production Index: Last 12 Months=100: Year-to-Date.

Brazil Exports: FOB: NCM: Volume: Photographic & Cinematographic: Film in Rolls: Width > 105 mm: Black & White: Photopolymerizable data was reported at 0.000 kg in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 kg for May 2018. Brazil Exports: FOB: NCM: Volume: Photographic & Cinematographic: Film in Rolls: Width > 105 mm: Black & White: Photopolymerizable data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 kg from Jan 1997 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 258 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,360.000 kg in Nov 2013 and a record low of 0.000 kg in Jun 2018. Brazil Exports: FOB: NCM: Volume: Photographic & Cinematographic: Film in Rolls: Width > 105 mm: Black & White: Photopolymerizable data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Development, Industry And Trade. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Chemical and Petrochemical Sector – Table BR.RHD013: Chemical and Petrochemical Trade: Exports: Volume: Photographic and Cinematographic.