Worldwide, there are 1,361,000 new cases of colorectal cancers (CRC) annually, with 694,000 deaths. However, the incidence varies by up to a factor of 10x between high and low incidence countries (eg. USA vs Mexico, incidence rate of 42.54 vs 7.44 / 100,000 inhabitants). Mexico is considered a low-incidence country, with 8,651 new cases and 4,694 deaths annually. CRC is a preventable and detectable disease. Screening programs established in high-incidence countries have managed to reduce the incidence and mortality from this disease and it is considered a cost-effective strategy. In less developed countries where there are no screening programs for CRC, the highest number of deaths occurs despite having the lowest number of cases. It is recognized that a barrier to establishing a screening program in a country with low incidence and limited resources is cost-effectiveness. The prevalence of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia (ACN) detected by screening colonoscopy in a Mexican cohort of 1172 INNSZ patients was 2.9%. In the US the prevalence is 7.6%. The number of colonoscopies to be performed to detect ACN was estimated at 34 for Mexico and 13 for the US, which suggests that the cost-effectiveness of screening colonoscopy could be 3 times lower in our country. In Mexico there is no national screening program for CRC. The eligible population (adults between 50 and 75 years old) for CRC screening is estimated in 20 million of Mexicans. It is recognized that Mexico does not have enough financial resources nor the infrastructure to screen the entire eligible population either by direct colonoscopy, or by FIT (fecal immunochemical test) followed by colonoscopy. With a 5% frequency of positive FIT, nearly 1,000,000 follow-up colonoscopies would be required annually in a population screening program. An alternative could be to offer screening based on risk, which means only offering screening to the highest-risk population. There are calculators to predict the risk of identifying ACN in a screening colonoscopy, however, none have been developed and validated in the Mexican population. The weight of the risk factors associated with ACN in the Mexican population could be different, so it is necessary to develop and validate an ACN risk calculator that allows the Mexican population to be stratified and to concentrate screening efforts on the population at highest risk.

BackgroundEarly-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has an alarmingly increasing trend and arouses increasing attention. Causes of death in EOCRC population remain unclear.MethodsData of EOCRC patients (1975–2018) were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Distribution of death was calculated, and death risk of each cause was compared with the general population by calculating standard mortality ratios (SMRs) at different follow-up time. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to identify independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS).ResultsThe study included 36,013 patients, among whom 9,998 (27.7%) patients died of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 6,305 (17.5%) patients died of non-CRC causes. CRC death accounted for a high proportion of 74.8%–90.7% death cases within 10 years, while non-CRC death (especially cardiocerebrovascular disease death) was the major cause of death after 10 years. Non-cancer death had the highest SMR in EOCRC population within the first year after cancer diagnosis. Kidney disease [SMR = 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.65–2.64] and infection (SMR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.48–2.46) were two high-risk causes of death. Age at diagnosis, race, sex, year of diagnosis, grade, SEER stage, and surgery were independent prognostic factors for OS.ConclusionMost of EOCRC patients died of CRC within 10-year follow-up, while most of patients died of non-CRC causes after 10 years. Within the first year after cancer diagnosis, patients had high non-CRC death risk compared to the general population. Our findings help to guide risk monitoring and management for US EOCRC patients.

ObjectiveTo clarify the inconsistent findings of epidemiological studies on the association between dietary garlic consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, by prospectively assessing the association in a large US population.MethodsData of 58,508 participants (aged 55–74) from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial were analyzed. Dietary data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Multivariable Cox regression analysis determined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline regression was used to investigate the non-linear relationship, and subgroup analysis was conducted to examine potential effect modifiers.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.05 years, 782 CRC cases were documented, including 456 proximal colon cancer cases, 322 distal CRC cases, and 4 CRC cases with an unknown site. Moderate dietary garlic consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall CRC (HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.91, p = 0.007, P for trend: 0.434), exhibiting a U-shaped dose-response pattern, and also with overall CRC in males in the stratified Cox regression model (Model 2: HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.81, p = 0.002), but not in females. The protective association was more pronounced in men, Caucasian, and those with lower alcohol consumption. Notably, these protective effects were observed for overall distal CRC (HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.93, p = 0.021; and HRquintile 4vs. 1: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.92, p = 0.018, P for trend: 0.208); and for distal CRC in males (HRquintile 3vs. 1: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.71, p = 0.002, P for trend: 0.696), but not for proximal CRC.ConclusionModerate consumption of dietary garlic is associated with a decreased CRC risk in the US population, with variations based on CRC anatomic subsites. Further in-depth prospective studies are needed to validate these findings in different populations and to explore subsites-specific associations.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed and third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States for both men and women. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates about 108,070 new cases of colon cancer and 40,740 new cases of rectal cancer will be diagnosed, and about 49,960 deaths will occur as a result of this devastating disease in 2008. Over the last 20 years, the death rate for this cancer has been dropping as a result of screening and early detection of cancer. In 2007, ACS reported that early-stage colorectal cancer had a survival rate close to 80%, and up to 9,632 deaths could be prevented each year if eligible patients received screening when necessary. However, despite the proven efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, only about 50% of eligible US patients are currently being screened. Specific Aims The central hypothesis of this proposal is that patient-initiated prompting of primary care physicians of the patient’s interest in screening will increase referrals for CRC screening. The following three areas will be investigated during this research: 1. To determine whether a communication tool provided to patients will initiate a conversation with their primary care physicians about CRC screening, especially via colonoscopy. 2. To determine whether this tool will impact referral patterns for screening, especially, although not primarily, among poor and underserved populations. 3. To determine whether differences exist in regard to patient-physician communication patterns about screening among residents and faculties in the fields of internal medicine and family practice clinics. At the close of the investigators study, the investigators wish to organize quantifiable data demonstrating how patient-initiated prompting of primary care physicians for CRC screening increases early detection and decreases potential mortality from colorectal cancer. This data will inform a second, larger study to pursue the questions surrounding patient-initiated prompting in

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer in the United States, with higher incidence rates among Black populations. Groundwater concentrations of natural radionuclides uranium and radium have seldom been investigated in relation to CRC despite their known carcinogenicity. We investigate spatial patterns of CRC by race, and in relation to groundwater concentrations of uranium and radium, testing the hypothesis that uranium and radium in groundwater might differentially contribute to incident CRC in Black and White populations in counties of Georgia, USA. Black populations showed higher incidence of CRC than White populations; the median incident rate difference was 9.23 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: 2.14, 19.40). Spatial cluster analysis showed high incidence clusters of CRC in similar regions for Black and White populations. Linear regression indicated there are, on average, 1-2 additional cases of colorectal cancer in counties with higher levels of radium in their groundwater, irrespective of race. Uranium was not associated with CRC. This ecologic study suggests that radium in groundwater may be linked with increased incidence of CRC, although it did not explain higher CRC incidence rates in Black populations. Further studies are needed to verify this association given the inherent limitations in the ecologic study design and the crude exposure assessment. Methods Publicly available data. See methods section of the manuscript.

Background: * Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem in the U.S. and worldwide, and 5-year survival with widespread metastatic disease is less than 5%. * Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or up-regulation of the gene occurs in the majority of CRC cases (60-80%). * Therapies targeting EGFR, like cetuximab, have shown activity in the treatment of solid tumors like CRC. * Cetuximab is FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved for the treatment of EGFR-expressing CRC, but clinical responses to cetuximab are seen in only 10% of EGFR-expressing CRC. * One possible mechanism of resistance to cetuximab could be KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma) mutations. * Another major pathway implicated in colon carcinogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, which is involved in angiogenesis and is a validated target for therapy in CRC. * BAY 43-9006 is both a Raf kinase inhibitor and an inhibitor of VEGF receptor (VEGFR2) tyrosine kinase. * We hypothesize that the combined inhibition of EGFR, VEGFR2, and the Ras-(rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) Raf pathway will demonstrate promising clinical activity in CRC. Furthermore, in patients with mutant KRAS, combination of cetuximab with a drug that inhibits Raf kinase and acts downstream of Ras mutations, could restore tumor sensitivity to cetuximab. Objectives: * To determine the rate of response (complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) + stable disease (SD) for 4 months) and toxicity profile of combination of BAY 43-9006 and cetuximab in previously treated EGFR-expressing metastatic CRC in patients with mutant KRAS. * To evaluate BAY 43-9006 pharmacokinetics & pharmacogenomics (CYP3A4/5 (cytochrome P450 3A4/5)). * To evaluate for this combination treatment pharmacodynamics, effect on tumor vascularity and effect on angiogenic cytokines. Eligibility: * Adults with histologically or cytologically documented, measurable, EGFR-expressing metastatic CRC, which has recurred or progressed following at least one prior 5FU (Fluorouracil)-based combination chemotherapy regimen administered for the treatment of metastatic disease. * Patients must be KRAS mutation-positive. Design: * BAY 43-9006 will be administered 400 mg by mouth twice daily * Cetuximab will be administered as 400 mg/m^2 loading dose (week 1) followed by 250 mg/m^2 IV (intravenous) weekly. * If procedure may be performed safely, tumor biopsy will be obtained prior to treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment. * Optional positron emission tomography (PET)/computerized tomography (CT) imaging with 89Zr-labeled, EGFR-targeting antibody panitumumab may be performed to evaluate radiation dosimetry, safety, and tumor distribution prior to and following treatment with study agents. * Patients will be evaluated for response every 8 weeks using the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria. * This trial uses a phase II optimal design targeting a response rate as defined above of 20% in patients with mutant KRAS. Up to 49 patients may be treated.

Overview

New York, NY – May 20, 2025 – Global Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics Market size is expected to be worth around US$ 19.8 Billion by 2033 from US$ 12.5 Billion in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033.

The global colorectal cancer therapeutics market is witnessing steady growth, driven by rising incidence rates, advancements in treatment modalities, and growing public awareness regarding early diagnosis. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), colorectal cancer accounted for over 1.9 million new cases and approximately 935,000 deaths globally in 2020.

The market is experiencing strong momentum due to increasing investments in precision medicine, targeted therapies, and immuno-oncology. Treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drugs (e.g., EGFR and VEGF inhibitors), and immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved survival outcomes for CRC patients. In recent years, biologics and combination regimens have shown enhanced efficacy, especially in advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer cases.

North America dominates the global market owing to robust healthcare infrastructure, supportive reimbursement policies, and high screening rates. Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness significant growth due to increasing awareness and expanding access to oncology care. Further, research into biomarkers and molecular profiling is enabling the development of personalized therapies. Government initiatives, including cancer screening programs and public health campaigns, are expected to continue supporting market expansion.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Fecal Immunochemical Test Market size will be USD 1785.4 million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.00% from 2025 to 2033.

North America held the major market share for more than 37% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 660.60 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2025 to 2033.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 29% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 517.77 million.
APAC held a market share of around 24% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 428.50 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0% from 2025 to 2033.
South America has a market share of more than 3.8% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 67.85 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.0% from 2025 to 2033.
Middle East had a market share of around 4% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 71.42 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.3% from 2025 to 2033.
Africa had a market share of around 2.2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 39.28 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.7% from 2025 to 2033.
Kits & Reagents is the fastest growing segment of the Fecal Immunochemical Test Market industry

Market Dynamics of Fecal Immunochemical Test Market

Key Drivers for the Fecal Immunochemical Test Market

Rising Prevalence of Colorectal Cancer and Need for Early Detection

The escalating global prevalence of colorectal cancer is a critical factor driving the widespread adoption of fecal immunochemical testing as a frontline screening method. According to a report from the National Library of Medicine, in 2023, an estimated 153,020 individuals will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), with approximately 52,550 deaths expected from the disease. Notably, among these cases, about 19,550 diagnoses and 3,750 deaths are projected to occur in individuals under the age of 50. Early diagnosis through routine screening significantly enhances treatment success rates by identifying cancerous or precancerous lesions before symptoms develop or the disease progresses to advanced stages. FIT offers a practical and efficient approach for early detection, enabling large-scale screening in both organized population health programs and opportunistic testing scenarios. Many healthcare systems are adopting FIT as part of national colorectal cancer screening guidelines due to its proven sensitivity and specificity, alongside its ease of administration. Additionally, ongoing research and clinical trials continue to validate the efficacy of FIT in reducing colorectal cancer mortality. This growing emphasis on early intervention, combined with rising cancer incidence rates due to aging populations, lifestyle changes, and environmental factors, is expected to substantially propel market growth in the foreseeable future.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36856579/

Growing Awareness of Non-invasive and Cost-effective Screening Methods

Increasing awareness and education around the availability and benefits of non-invasive, patient-friendly screening options are significantly accelerating the acceptance and uptake of fecal immunochemical tests worldwide. Compared to traditional colonoscopy, which requires bowel preparation, sedation, and carries a risk of complications, FIT provides a convenient and painless alternative that can be easily administered at home by patients themselves. This factor drastically improves patient compliance, especially among populations reluctant or unable to undergo invasive procedures. Moreover, public health campaigns, healthcare provider recommendations, and digital health platforms are continuously disseminating information about FIT’s effectiveness, convenience, and cost-efficiency. Many health systems are now actively promoting FIT to expand colorectal cancer screening coverage, particularly in underserved areas where access to specialized endoscopic services is limited. The cost-effectiveness of FIT, when combined with its ability to detect early-stage cancer and reduce the burden of late-stage treatment, is making it an attractive choice for payers and healthcare policymakers.

Restraint Factor for the Fecal Immunochemical Test Market ...

This is a companion release for the manuscript, "High-plex immunofluorescence imaging and traditional histology of the same tissue section for discovering image-based biomarkers."

• Nature Cancer: 10.1038/s43018-023-00576-1
• bioRxiv: 10.1101/2022.09.28.509927
• Visit tissue-atlas.org/atlas-datasets/lin-chen-campton-2023 to view image data (no download required!) and learn more about related work!

The dataset index and scripts for processing and analysis are deposited in the latest release. The same files can also be found on GitHub at github.com/labsyspharm/orion-crc or by following the link under "Related identifiers".

Funding

This work was supported by NCI grants U54-CA225088 and U2C-CA233262 (P.K.S. and S.S.), an NCI SBIR small business grant R41-CA224503 (RareCyte and P.K.S.) and commercial investment from RareCyte; image processing software and data science methods were developed with support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grant INV-027106 (P.K.S.), a Team Science Grant from the Gray Foundation (P.K.S. and S.S.), the David Liposarcoma Research Initiative (P.K.S. and S.S.), Emerson Collective (P.K.S.) and Ludwig Cancer Research (P.K.S. and S.S.). J.-R.L. is supported by an NCI Research Specialist Award (R50-CA274277), and S.C. by training grants T32-GM007748 from the NIGMS and T32-CA009216 from the NCI. S.S. is also supported by the BWH President's Scholars Award.

Access the full Orion CRC dataset

All images at full resolution, derived image data (e.g., segmentation masks), and single-cell tables are stored and can be accessed through Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3.

AWS S3 bucket location

s3://lin-2023-orion-crc/data

To browse and download the data use either a graphical file transfer application that supports S3 such as CyberDuck, or the AWS CLI tools. A graphical tool may be more convenient but the CLI tools will likely offer higher download speeds. For users who wish to perform processing within AWS, note that the bucket is located in the us-east-1 region so any other resources must be instantiated in this same region.

Cyberduck or Graphical File Transfer Instructions

Make sure anonymous login is selected, either through using the following server information: s3://anonymous@lin-2023-orion-crc.s3.amazonaws.com/ or make sure the anonymous login button is selected.

AWS CLI Tip

Review your IAM permissions and add additional in-line policies, as needed. For example, use: aws s3 ls --no-sign-request s3://lin-2023-crc/data/. If you continue to experience issues using the CLI, please follow the instructions for using a GUI above or refer to AWS existing documentation.

Email tissue-atlas(at)hms.harvard.edu with the subject line "Orion-CRC: Data Access" if you experience issues accessing the above S3 buckets. Please include the steps you have already tried to help us troubleshoot.

File organization

A detailed description of the file organization can be found at github.com/labsyspharm/orion-crc/blob/main/datarelease-README.md

Low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and higher mortality from the disease. In the US, African Americans (AAs) have the highest CRC incidence and mortality and the lowest levels of vitamin D. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been previously associated with CRC, but few studies have included AAs. We studied 795 AA CRC cases and 985 AA controls from Chicago and North Carolina as well as 1324 Caucasian cases and 990 Caucasian controls from Chicago and Spain. We genotyped 54 tagSNPs in VDR (46586959 to 46521297 Mb) and tested for association adjusting for West African ancestry, age, gender, and multiple testing. Untyped markers were imputed using MACH1.0. We analyzed associations by gender and anatomic location in the whole study group as well as by vitamin D intake in the North Carolina AA group. In the joint analysis, none of the SNPs tested was significantly associated with CRC. For four previously tested restriction fragment length polymorphisms, only one (referred to as ApaI), tagged by the SNP rs79628898, had a nominally significant p-value in AAs; none of these polymorphisms were associated with CRC in Caucasians. In the North Carolina AAs, for whom we had vitamin D intake data, we found a significant association between an intronic SNP rs11574041 and vitamin D intake, which is evidence for a VDR gene-environment interaction in AAs. In summary, using a systematic tagSNP approach, we have not found evidence for significant associations between VDR and CRC in AAs or Caucasians.

In the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is frequently used to monitor the minimal residual disease (MRD). ctDNA has become an excellent biomarker to predict which patients with CRC are likely to relapse due to the persistence of micrometastases. MRD diagnosis via analysis of ctDNA may allow much earlier detection of relapse compared with conventional diagnosis during follow-up. It should lead to an increased rate of curative-intended complete resection of an asymptomatic relapse. Besides, ctDNA can provide crucial information on whether and how intensively adjuvant or additive therapy should be administered. In the present case, analysis of ctDNA gave us a crucial hint to the use of more intensive diagnostics (MRI and Positron emission tomography–computed tomography PET-CT) which led to earlier detection of CRC relapse. Metastasis detected early are more likely to be completely resectable with curative intent.